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STERLING BROWN HENDRICKS
April 13, 1902-January 4, 1981
BY WARREN L. BUTLER AND CECIL H. WADLEIGH
Freedom to inquire into the nature of things is a rewarding
privilege granted to a few by a permissive society.
Sterling Hendricks
The Passing Scene, 1970
TERLl N G B RO WN H EN D R} C KS was born in Elysian
~Fields, Texas, a small village in the eastern part of the
state. The family hac! creep roots in the Old South. When
Texas seceded from the Union in TS6l, the area around Ely-
sian Fields sent a company of men, known as the S. B. Hen-
dricks Company, to the Confederate Army uncler the com-
mancI of Colonel Sterling Brown Hendricks, Sterling's
grandfather. The colonel, a native of Alabama, grew up and
studied law in Mississippi ancT moved to Elysian Fields in
iS43, where he became a merchant and a farmer. He was
also a scholarly man with a large library of books on law,
religion, and the classics.
Sterling's father, Dr. James Gilchrist Hendricks, was born
in Elysian Fields in iS54. He received medical degrees from
Louisiana and Tulane universities in New OrIeans and, after
interning at Bellevue Hospital in New York City, returned
home to practice medicine. Sterling's mother, Martha Daisy
(Gamblin) Hendricks, was born in Cactdo Parrish, Louisiana,
in 1X73. She graduated from Mansfield Female College in
Louisiana as valedictorian of her class. After graduation, she
went to Elysian Fields to teach school and met Dr. lames Hen
181
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182
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
ciricks, who was then a widower. They were marries! in IS93
and had five children; Sterling was the fourth.
Sterling received much of his early schooling from his
mother. There was no high school in Elysian Fields (only a
one-room school house), so Sterling lived with an aunt in
Shreveport, Louisiana, during his high school years. Follow-
ing his graduation, the family moved to Fayetteville, Arkan-
sas, so that several of the children could attend the university
there. Sterling graduated from the University of Arkansas in
1922 with a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering. He
studier! geology anct chemistry at the graduate level at the
University of Iowa in 1923 anc! received a master of science
in chemistry from Kansas State University in 1924. Then, in
the fall of 1924, he began his doctoral studies at the Califor-
nia Institute of Technology.
On entering Cal Tech, A. A. Noyes, the director of the
Gates Chemical Laboratory, suggested to Sterling that he
work on X-ray crystallography in the laboratory of Roscoe C.
Dickinson. Dickinson, who four years earlier hac! received the
first Ph.D. degree given by Cal Tech, was going to Europe
that year, so Sterling worked with Linus Pauling, who tract
arriver! in Dickinson's laboratory two years earlier to learn
the techniques of X-ray crystallography. Thus began a close
friendship that lasted until Sterling's death. Sterling receiver!
his Ph.D. degree in 1926, with a major in chemistry and with
minors in physics and mathematical physics.
Sterling began his Ph.D. research with a reinvestigation
of the structure of the minerals corundum, Al2O3, and he-
matite, Fe2O3, which hac! been studied earlier by W. H. and
W. L. Bragg. He confirmed that the positions previously as-
signecI to the aluminum anti iron atoms were correct, but the
positions for the oxygen atoms were not. The refined struc-
ture provides! a clearer understancTing of the interatomic
forces in these crystals. He also cletermined the structure of
~ 7 -
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STERLING BROWN HENDRICKS
183
sodium and potassium azicle, showing that the three nitro-
gens were in a linear array rather than in a cyclic structure-
as hac! been proposed by some chemists. His Ph.D. thesis also
incluclec! the determination of the crystal structures of sev-
eral cupric chloride dihydrates. He also worked jointly with
Maurier L. Huggins, a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory,
on the structure of pentaerythritol, C(CH2OH)4. Sterling
pointed out that the pyramidal structure that tract previously
been proposed might be incorrect, ant! that another space
group permitted a tetrahectral arrangement of the bonds
around the central carbon atom. This latter structure was
confirmed a decade later.
He continued structure determinations of simple organic
compounds cluring two postdoctoral years 1926--27, at the
Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Wash-
ington, anc! 1927-28, at the Rockefeller Institute of Medical
Research with work that macle important contributions to
the chemistry of carbon compounds. In 192X he joined the
Fixed Nitrogen Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Agri
.
culture. He was recruited by F. G. Cottrell, who hoped to
benefit mankind by solving the problems of nitrogen fixa-
tion. In later years Sterling would often speak of Cottrell.
Cottrell, as the inventor of the electrostatic precipitator, clo-
nated the returns from his patents to support research
through grants from the Research Corporation. It was from
Cottrell that Sterling gained an appreciation for practical ap-
plications of scientific research. For Sterling, the highest goal
of science was to achieve a solution to an important practical
problem.
In the years that followed, Sterling macle monumental
contributions to mineralogy and the stucly of soils. His early
Ph.D. research on corundum anc! hematite was followecT by
studies of other minerals, including zircon, apatite, gypsum,
kaolinite, anauxite, valentinite, alunite, the jarosites, clickite,
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
halloysite, hydrated halloysite, talc, pyrophyllite, vermiculite,
chlorite, montmorillionite, nacrite, cronstedite, glauconite,
celladonite, gibbsite, endellite, and the micas. This work re-
sulted in an extensive understanding of clays as important
components of soils and of the structural basis of ion ex-
change of charged groups-central to understanding soil
fertility. He used his expertise in X-ray diffraction ant! math-
ematical physics to determine the structure of phosphate fer-
tilizers and also of bone. In terms of human welfare, one
could make a strong case that Hendricks' most important
research was in collaboration with soil scientists toward de-
termining the structure of soil constituents. In 1930 Hen-
dricks and Fry published the results of their research on soil
colloids. This paper is now recognized as the most important
elucidation of the nature and properties of soils ever pub-
lished. A bit of history may be in order.
In iS50 a Scottish chemist by the name of I. T. Way pub-
lished a paper on the power of soil to absorb manure. He
had allowed moderately dilute solutions of neutral salts to
seep downward through soil columns. He collected the per-
colate and found that its chemical composition was usually
different from that of the applied solution. For example,
when an ammonium chloride solution was applied, the per-
colate contained little ammonium; the percolate was mostly
calcium chloride. Way concluded that there was an interac
tion between the applied solution and the soil particles. He
erroneously concluded that the reaction was irreversible. The
distinguished German chemist, tustus van Liebig, looked on
Way's report with utter contempt and had no reservations in
saying so. For the next three-quarters of a century a vigorous
controversy prevailed among soil chemists; some supported
Way and others Liebig. These arguments were settled for all
time by the publication of the paper by Hendricks and Fry.
By using X-ray diffraction procedure, they conclusively
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STERLING BROWN HENDRICKS
185
prover! the crystalline nature of colloidal clay with the prev-
alence of negative charges that wouIcT absorb and desorb cat-
ions. They showed that Way was on the right roacI.
With the exponential increase taking place in world pop-
ulation, with the prevalence of famine ant! malnutrition on
this planet, and with the finite limitation on the extent of
arable soils available for food production, this research by
Hendricks and Fry was of inestimable value. These findings
openec! the door to an exceedingly important unclerstancling
of the chemistry involved in maintaining high potential in
soil productivity, and in providing a valid chemical basis for
the reclamation of the alkali soils of arid regions.
In 1952 Sterling received the Arthur L. Day Meclal
awarcled by the Geological Society of America for outstancT-
ing work in physics and chemistry advancing the geological
sciences. The citation stated:
Sterling Hendricks, an able technician and a masterful and imaginative
theoretician, has been in the forefront of those who have given us a ra-
tional understanding of these most complex and most important minerals.
His elucidation of the structure of layered minerals and his demonstrations
of the dependence of clay mineral properties upon structural considera-
tions have been outstanding. Not only has he provided specific data on the
kaolin minerals and, with Ross, on the complex montmorillionite group,
but he has at the same time developed fundamentals of broad application,
as for example in his studies of the polymorphism of the micas and of the
nature of the water layer, and in the determination of minerals with dis-
ordered structure and of minerals with random layer sequences. He has
never been content merely to explain the well-behaved growths in the
mineral world, but has gone on to decipher for us some of nature's "mis-
takes."
Linus Pauling considers that Sterling's work on the clay min-
erals was his most important contribution to knowledge.
The work on soils and fertilizers also led to investigations
of hydrogen bonds. Hendricks was among the first to use
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
infrared spectroscopy for the study of molecular structure.
Pimente! and McClellan wrote, some twenty-five years later
in their book on the hydrogen bond, that this work provides
". . . the most sensitive, the most characteristic and one of the
most informative manifestations of the H-bond. From this
ho crown tats imm`~nc.e volilm`~ of world
~ ~.~ " Hendricks also
became an expert in rauiochemistry, and he showed how fer
tilizers tagged with radioactive phosphorus could be used to
follow the uptake of phosphorus by the roots of plants. Of
course, not all of his scientific endeavors were successful.
Sterling tried to obtain a diffraction pattern from crystals of
horse hemoglobin some five years before the first successful
X-ray crystallographic studies of a protein were made in
Cambridge, England. His attempts failed because the protein
denatured as the specimen was dried for mounting. He also
attempted to obtain a diffraction pattern of a chromosome
before it-was known how nucleic acids could be separated in
a native state. Thus, in the course of many successes he had
some grand failures but even the failures pointed toward
forthcoming spectacular successes in biology.
Sterling's scientific career took an abrupt change in direc-
tion in the early 1940s. A brief history of this period and the
subsequent developments is appropriate since it was in these
new areas of plant physiology and photobiology that his most
,_
.
creative contributions to knowledge lie. In lY/U two scientists
in the USDA, H. A. AlIaru and W. W. Garner, discovered that
daylength was a critical factor in determining when during
the course of the year a given species of plant would flower-
a phenomenon which they called photoperiodism. By the
middle 1930s the work on photoperiouism was being contin-
ued in the USDA by H. A. Borthwick and M. W. Parker,
primarily in studies of the flowering of short-day plants
(plants that flowered on a short clay long night regime). In
the early 1940s they sought out a fellow USDA employee,
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STERLING BROWN HENDRICKS
187
Hendricks, to (liscuss how they shouIcl proceed in their in-
vestigation of the effects of light in photoperioclism. It was
then known that brief irradiations with light given during
the long nights wouIcT inhibit the flowering of short-cl ay
plants. They realizect that they might be able to determine
the action spectrum (that is, the effectiveness of different
wavelengths of light) for this inhibitory effect of light on flow-
ering, and they agreed to pool their scientific talents toward
this enct. World War I} intervened, anct it was not until 1944
that they began their collaboration.
The key to the early successes of this work lay in the ex-
perimental (resign of the action spectroscopy. A large spec-
trograph was constructed using two exceptionally large glass
prisms, which Hendricks had used previously for his infrared
studies of hydrogen bonds, and a large second-hand carbon
arc lamp like those used in theatres of the time. Absolute
energy calibrations were made across the spectrum using a
thermopile that was calibratect against a standard lamp. Of
equal importance to the success of the work was the knowI-
ecige of how action spectra should be measured. Hendricks
unclerstood that it was essential to keep the irradiation peri-
ods brief to extract the specific characteristics of the photo-
reaction from the great complexity of the biological response,
which might be assayer! some hours or days later. Borthwick
and Parker provided the plants whose flowering response
was sensitive to brief periods of irradiation, and Hendricks
provicled the irradiation fields of large area, high spectral
purity, and adequate intensity. Within a year they had an ac-
tion spectrum for the floral inhibition of a short-clay plant,
soybean, which showed a pronounced sensitivity to red light.
Action spectra were then measured on a number of clif-
ferent plants ant] on several different light-sensitive re-
sponses, including the floral inhibition of other short-clay
plants, the flowering of long-day plants where the night
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188
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
break irradiation incluced flowering, several growth re-
sponses in etiolated plants grown from seed in clarkness, and
the germination of lettuce seed. All of these investigations
yielded essentially the same action spectrum, with a peak ac-
tion in the red near 660 nm. It was concluded that the same
pigment was involved in all of these responses.
The experiments on seed germination were to provide
key observations for elucidating the unusual photochemical
properties of the pigment. It was known from earlier long
term irradiation experiments (by Flint and McAlister) that
rect light promoted the germination of lettuce seed. The
USDA group expected to find their typical red action spec-
trum for this response. Flint anc! McAlister had also re
portect, however, that light in the near infrared region, just
beyond the limits of vision, inhibited the germination but
. .. . . . . ,% .
the significance of the inhibitory effect of such wavelengths
of light was generally unappreciated. The USDA group re-
cliscoverecI the inhibitory effect of these far-recI wavelengths
of light. They clemonstrated that seeds potentiated to maxi-
mal germination by a brief irradiation with red light coup!
be inhibited to minimal germination by a subsequent brief
irradiation with far-reel light, and that these promotive ant!
inhibitory effects were repeatedly reversible. The action spec-
trum for the photoinhibition of germination showed a max
imum at 730 nm. Hendricks cleducect from these experi-
ments that the germination of lettuce seer! was controllecT by
a pigment that existed in two interconvertible forms: a rec!
absorbing form, PR' with an absorption maximum at 660 nm,
and a far-red absorbing form, PFR' with an absorption maxi-
mum at 730 nm. He concluclect that rect and far-red light
caused transformations between the two forms:
red
PI ~ PER
far-red
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STERLING BROWN HENDRICKS
189
After the unusual property of photoreversibility had been
founc! in the germination response of lettuce seecT, the other
rect-sensitive photoresponses were reexaminecl. They were
found to show the same type of photoreversible antagonism
between red and far-red light. The unique and unusual pi~-
1 ~ ~
ment system appeared to be ubiquitous in higher plants and
to control a number of physiological responses.
Hendricks was primarily responsible for the incisive in-
sights that penetrated to the molecular level of the photocon-
trol process. A given (legree of a physiological display would
be used as an endpoint in a titration of responses versus in-
cident energy. Whereas most plant physiologists of the time
became lost in the great complexity of the biological system,
Hendricks designed experiments in such a way that the com-
plexities of the dark metabolism canceled out, leaving the
pristine properties of the photoreaction to be revealed. The
elegance of the approach culminated in a remarkable stucly.
The physiological responses of seed germination and inter-
nocle elongation of etiolatecl bean plants were titrated from
both extremes of the reversible photoreaction, using rect and
far-rect light. After making allowances for the light-scattering
properties of the biological tissue and the quantum efficien-
cies of the photoreactions, Hendricks calculated from the
absolute energies required to achieve given degrees of re
sponse ant! the first-orcler nature of the photoreactions-
that the molar extinction coefficients of the two forms were
between i04 and 105 liters mole- cm-~. He concluded on
the basis of these high values for molar extinction coefficients
and the absence of any visible color in albino mutants of bar-
ley, whose growth responses were fully sensitive to recI and
far-red light that the pigment system was functional at very
low intracellular concentrations. The insight anct clarity of
vision that allowed Hendricks to extract a molar extinction
coefficient from a complex physiological display were char
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190
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
acteristic of his approach to science. Unfortunately, the paper
reporting these findings was largely ignored. At the time, few
workers in the field made the effort to follow the logic of the
analysis.
Hendricks had deduced the essential molecular proper-
t~es of this remarkable pigment system from the physiological
studies by the early 1950s. The absorption spectra of the two
forms and the reversible nature of the photoreaction were
known from the action spectroscopy. It was proposed from
the absorption spectrum that the chromophore Of PR was an
open-chain tetrapyrole, similar to that of allophycocyanin. It
was even proposed, on the basis of the low intracellular con-
centrations, that the pigment was an enzyme, and therefore
a protein, and that Pi R was the active form of the enzyme. In
addition to the photochemical properties, the physiological
studies indicated that there was a slow dark transformation
of P. ~ to Pa. This clerk transformation of Pl.^ back to PD was
A_ _ [K -A - K
r row 1'
proposed to be the basis of the timing mechanism that en-
abled photoperiodic plants to distinguish long nights from
short nights. Nevertheless, most plant physiologists of the
time did not believe that their subject matter was capable of
revealing such molecular detail and, in the absence of direct
proof, they were inclined to regard the pigment as a "pig-
ment of the imagination."
Sterling's group had the good fortune to join another
group headed by Karl H. Norris, an agricultural engineer
who had developed several spectrophotometers that could
accommodate dense, light-scattering materials. From time to
time Hendricks or H. W. Siegelman, a plant biochemist who
was then associated with Borthwick and Hendricks, would
examine these samples in the spectrophotometer for photo-
reversible absorbance changes in the red and far-red regions
of the spectrum. All of the initial attempts with plant tissues
that were known to be sensitive to red and far-red light were
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STERLING BROWN HENDRICKS
203
With W. L. Hill and G. T. Faust. Polymorphism of phosphoric ox-
ide. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 65:794-802.
With L. Mitchell, G. T. Faust, and D. S. Reynolds. The mineralogy
and genesis of hydroxylapatite. Am. Mineral., 28:356-71.
With R. A. Nelson. Specific surface of some clay minerals, soils and
soil colloids. Soil Sci., 56:285-96.
1944
Polymer chemistry of silicates, berates, and phosphates. I. Wash.
Acad. Sci., 34:241-51.
1945
With W. L. Hill, D. S. Reynolds, and K. D. Jacob. Nutritive evalu-
ation of defluorinated phosphates and other phosphorus sup-
plements. I. Preparation and properties of the samples. J. As-
soc. Off. Agric. Chem., 28:105-18.
Base exchange of crystalline silicates. Ind. Eng. Chem., 37:625-
30.
With W. H. Ross and J. Y. Yee. Properties of granular and mono-
crystalline ammonium nitrate. Ind. Eng. Chem., 37:1079-83.
With S. S. Goldich and R. A. Nelson. A portable differential ther-
mal analysis unit for bauxite exploration. Econ. Geol., 41:64-
76.
1946
With M. W. Parker, H. A. Borthwick, and N. i. Scully. Action spec-
trum for the photoperiodic control of floral initiation of short-
day plants. Bot. Gaz., 108:1-26.
With Sidney Gottlieb. Soil organic matter as related to newer con-
cepts of lignin chemistry. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 10:117-25.
1947
With W. L. Hill, E. J. Fox, and J. G. Cady. Acid pyro- and meta-
phosphates produced by thermal decomposition of monocal-
cium phosphate. Ind. Eng. Chem., 39: 1667-72.
1948
With L. A. Dean. Applications of phosphorus of mass thirty-two to
problems of soil fertility and fertilizer utilization. Proc. Auburn
Conf. on the Use of Radioactive Isotopes in Agricultural Re-
search, Auburn, Ala., pp. 76-89.
OCR for page 204
204
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
With H. A. Borthwick and M. W. Parker. Action spectrum for pho-
toperiodic control of floral initiation of a long-day plant, wintex
barley (Hordeum vulgare). Bot. Gaz., 110: 103-18.
With L. A. Dean. Basic concepts of soil fertilizer studies with ra-
dioactive phosphorus. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Ann., 12:98-100.
With C. D. McAuliffe, N. S. Hall, and L. A. Dean. Exchange reac-
tions between phosphates and soils: Hydroxylic surfaces of soil
minerals. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 12:119-23.
1949
With L. A. Dean. Radioactive tracers furnish new help in testing
fertilizers. What's New in Crops and Soils, 1~61:14-16.
With D. Burk, M. Korzenovsky, V. Schocken, and O. Warburg. The
maximum efficiency of photosynthesis: A rediscovery. Science,
110:225-29.
1950
With O. Warburg, D. Burk, and V. Schocken. The quantum effi-
ciency of photosynthesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 4:335 -46.
With O. Warburg, D. Burk, V. Schocken, and M. Korzenovsky.
Does light inhibit the respiration of green cells? Arch. Bio-
chem., 23~2~:331-33.
With H. T. Hopkins and A. W. Specht. Growth and nutrient accu-
mulation as controlled by oxygen supply to plant roots. Plant
Physiol., 25: 193 -209.
With R. S. Dyal. Total surface of clays in polar liquids as a charac-
teristic index. Soil Sci., 69:421-32.
With W. L. Hill. The nature of bone and phosphate rock. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 36:731-37.
With M. W. Parker and H. A. Borthwick. Action spectrum for the
photoperiodic control of floral initiation of the long-day plant,
Hyoscyamus niger. Bot. Gaz., 111: 242-52.
1952
With R. S. Dyal. Formation of mixed layer minerals by potassium
fixation in montmorillonite. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 16:45-48.
With M. W. Parker, H. A. Borthwick, and C. E. Jenner. Photo-
periodic responses of plants and animals. Nature, 169:242-43.
With L. Bramao, I. G. Cady, and M. Swerdlow. Criteria for the
.
OCR for page 205
STERLING BROWN HENDRICKS
205
characterization of kaolinite, halloysite, and a related mineral
in clays and soils. Soil. Sci., 73:273-87.
With L. A. Dean. Radioisotopes in soils research and plant nutri-
tion. Annul Rev. Nucl. Sci., 1:597-610.
With i. C. Brown. Enzymatic activities as indications of copper and
iron deficiencies in plants. Plant Physiol., 27:651-60.
With C. E. Hagen and V. V. tones. Ion sorption by isolated chlo-
roplasts. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 40:295-305.
With H. A. Borthwick, M. W. Parker, E. H. Toole, and V. K. Toole.
A reversible photoreaction controlling seed germination. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 38:662-66.
With H. A. Borthwick and M. W. Parker. The reaction controlling
floral initiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 38:929-34.
Comments on the crystal chemistry of bone. In: Metabolic Interre-
lations with Special Reference to Calcium, ed. E. C. Reifenstein, jr.,
pp. 185-212. New York: Josiah May, tr., Foundation.
1953
A discussion of photosynthesis. Science, 117:370-73.
With H. A. Borthwick and M. W. Parker. Action spectra and pig-
ment type for photoperiodic control of plants. Proc. 7th Int.
Botanical Congr., Stockholm (1950), p. 785.
With T. Tanada. Photoreversal of ultraviolet effects in soybean
leaves. Am. }. Bot., 40:634-37.
1954
With H. A. Borthwick, E. H. Toole, and V. K. Toole. Action of light
on lettuce seed germination. Bot. Gaz., 115:205 -25.
With C. E. Hagen and H. A. Borthwick. Oxygen consumption of
lettuce seed in relation to photo-control of germination. Bot.
Gaz., 115:360-64.
1955
With E. H. Toole, V. K. Toole, and H. A. Borthwick. Interaction of
temperature and light in germination of seeds. Plant Physiol.,
30:473-78.
With E. H. Toole, V. K. Toole, and H. A. Borthwick. Photocontrol
of Lepidium seed germination. Plant Physiol., 30:15-21.
Necessary, convenient, commonplace. (The nature of water: Its ba
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206
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
sic chemical and physical properties). In: U.S. Dept. Agric. Year-
book of Agriculture; Water, pp. 9-14.
With H. A. Borthwick. Photoresponsive growth. Growth, 19:149-
69.
Screw dislocations and charge balance as factors of crystal growth.
Am. Mineral., 40: 139-46.
1956
With H. A. Borthwick and R. J. Downs. Pigment conversion in the
formative responses of plants to radiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA, 42:19-26.
With E. Epstein. Uptake and transport of mineral nutrients in
plant roots. Proc. Int. Conf. Peaceful Uses Atomic Energy, Ge-
neva, 12:98 - 102.
Control of growth and reproduction by light and darkness. Am.
Sci., 44:229-47.
With C. R. Swanson, V. K. Toole, and C. E. Hagen. Effect of 2,4-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and other growth-regulators on the
formation of a red pigment in Jerusalem artichoke tuber tissue.
Plant Physiol., 31 :315 -16.
With E. H. Toole, H. A. Borthwick, and V. K. Toole. Physiology of
seed germination. Annul Rev. Plant Physiol., 7:299-324.
With H. A. Borthwick. Photoperiodism in plants. In: Photoperiodism
in Plants and Animals. Proc. Int. Photobiol. 1st Congr., Amster-
dam:23-35.
1957
With I. D. Downs and H. A. Borthwick. Photoreversible control of
elongation of pinto beans and other plants under normal con-
ditions of growth. Bot. Gaz., 118: 199-208.
With L. T. Alexander. The basis of fertility. In: U.S. Dept. Agric.
Yearbook of Agriculture: Soil: 11-16.
Clays. Agron. J., 49:632-36.
With H. W. Siegelman. Photocontrol of anthocyanin formation in
turnip and red-cabbage seedlings. Plant Physiol., 32:393-98.
The clocks of life. Atlantic, 200~0ctober 41:111-15.
1958
With A. T. Jagendorf, M. Avron, and M. B. Evans. The action
spectrum for photosynthetic phosphorylation by spinach chlo-
roplasts. Plant Physiol., 33:72-73.
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STERLING BROWN HENDRICKS
207
With R. W. Siegelman. Photocontrol of anthocyanin synthesis in
apple skin. Plant Physiol., 33:185-90.
With A. San Pietro, }. Biovanelli, and F. E. Stolzenback. Action
spectrum for triphosphopyridine nucleotide reduction by illu-
minated chloroplasts. Science, 128:845.
Photoperiodism. Agron. l., 50:724-29.
1959
With H. A. Borthwick. Photocontrol of plant development by the
simultaneous excitations of two interconvertible pigments.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 45:344-49.
The photoreaction and associated changes of plant photomorpho-
genesis. In: Photoperiodism and Related Phenomena in Plants and
Animals, ed. R. B. Withrow. Washington, D.C.: American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science, Publ. No. 55, pp. 423-
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With H. A. Borthwick. Photocontrol of plant development by the
simultaneous excitation of two interconvertible pigments. II.
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With E. H. Toole, V. K. Toole, and H. A. Borthwick. Photocontrol
of plant development by the simultaneous excitations of two
interconvertible pigments. III. Control of seed germination and
axis elongation. Bot. Gaz., 121: 1-8.
With H. W. Siegelman. Photocontrol of alcohol, aldehyde, and an-
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With W. L. Butler, K. H. Norris, and H. W. Siegelman. Detection,
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BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
Basic research in plant nutrition. In: Research Outlook on Soil, Water,
and Plant Nutrients. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Publ. 785, pp. 1-5.
With H. A. Borthwick. Photoperiodism in plants. Science,
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Rates of change of phytochrome as an essential factor determining
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With T. E. Leggett. Phosphate and salt uptake by baker's yeast. Na-
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With V. K. Toole, E. H. Toole, H. A. Borthwick, and A. G. Snow,
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With F. C. Jackson and B. M. Vasta. Phosphorylation by barley root
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translocation in soils. Trans. Int. Soil Conf., Comm. IV and V
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Metabolic control of timing. Science, 141~35751:21-27.
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STERLING BROWN HENDRICKS
1964
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growth and development. In: Advances in Enzymology, ed. F. F.
Nord, vol. 26, pp. 1-33. New York: Interscience.
With M. i. Kasperbauer and H. A. Borthwick. Reversion of phy-
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With R. l. Downs, H. W. Siegelman, and W. L. Butler. Photorecep-
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With J. E. Leggett and W. R. Heald. Cation binding by baker's yeast
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With L. T. Evans and H. A. Borthwick. The role of light in sup-
pressing hypocotyl elongation in lettuce and petunia. Planta,
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With B. G. Cumming and H. A. Borthwick. Rhythmic flowering
responses and phytochrome changes in a selection of Chenopo-
dium rubrum. Can. I. Bot., 43:825-53.
With H. A. Borthwick. The physiological function of phytochrome.
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With L. T. Evans and H. A. Borthwick. Inflorescence initiation in
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With l. C. Fondeville and H. A. Borthwick. Leaflet movement of
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With H. W. Siegelman and B. C. Turner. The chromophore of
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With A. I. Hiatt. The role of COD fixation in accumulation of ions
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Light in plant life. In: Harvesting the Sun, ed. A. San Pietro, F. A.
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With H. A. Borthwick. The function of phytochrome in regulation
of plant growth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 58:2125-30.
With M. I. Schneider and H. A. Borthwick. Eject of radiation on
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Photoperiodism after 50 years. }. Wash. Acad. Sci., 58:69-74.
With l. E. Schiebe. Short communication an observation on the
photooxidation of ascorbic acid in strawberry leaves. Phyto-
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How light interacts with living matter. Sci. Am., 219:175-84.
With V. K. Toole and H. A. Borthwick. Opposing actions of light
in seed germination of Poa pretensis and Amaranthus arenicola.
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With R. P. Burchard. Action spectrum for carotenogenesis in Myxo-
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With H. A. Borthwick, M. l. Schneider, R. B. Taylorson, and V. K.
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and development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 64:479-86.
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STERLING BROWN HENDRICKS
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With R. B. Taylorson. Action of phytochrome during prechilling
of Amaranthus retropexus L. seeds. Plant Physiol., 44:821-25.
1970
The passing scene. Annul Rev. Plant Physiol., 21: 1-10.
1971
With R. B. Taylorson. Changes in phytochrome expressed by ger-
mination of Amaranthus retropexus L. seeds. Plant Physiol.,
47:619-22.
1972
With R. B. Taylorson. Interactions of light and a temperature shift
on seed germination. Plant Physiol., 49:127-30.
With R. B. Taylorson. Rehydration of phytochrome in imbibing
seeds of Amaranthus retropexus L. Plant Physiol., 49:663 - 65.
With R. B. Taylorson. Promotion of seed germination by nitrates
and cyanides. Nature, 237:169-70.
With R. B. Taylorson. Phytochrome control of germination of Ru-
mex crispus L. seeds induced by temperature shifts. Plant Phys-
iol., 50:645-58.
1973
With R. B. Taylorson. Promotion of seed germination by cyanide.
Plant Physiol., 52:23-27.
With R. B. Taylorson. Phytochrome transformation and action in
seeds of Rumex crispus L. during secondary dormancy. Plant
Physiol., 52:475-79.
1974
With R. B. Taylorson. Promotion of seed germination by nitrate,
nitrite, hydroxylamine and ammonium salts. Plant Physiol.,
54:304-9.
1975
With R. B. Taylorson. Breaking of seed dormancy by catalase in-
hibition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 72:306-9.
1976
With R. B. Taylorson. Aspects of dormancy in vascular plants.
BioScience, 26:95 -101.
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212
BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS
With R. B. Taylorson. Variation in germination and amino acid
leakage of seeds with temperature related to membrane phase
change. Plant Physiol., 58: 7-11.
With R. B. Taylorson. Interactions of phytochrome and exogenous
gibberellic acid on germination of Lamium amplexicaule L. seeds.
Planta, 132:65-70.
1977
With R. B. Taylorson. Dormancy in seeds. Annul Rev. Plant Phys-
iol.,28:331-54.
1978
With R. B. Taylorson. Dependence of phytochrome action on
membrane organization. Plant Physiol., 61:17-19.
1979
With R. B. Taylorson. Dependence of thermal responses of seeds
on membrane transitions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76:778-
81.
With R. B. Taylorson. Overcoming dormancy in seeds with ethanol
and other anesthetics. Planta, 145: 507-10.
1980
With R. B. Taylorson. Reversal by pressure of seed germination
promoted by anesthetics. Planta, 149: 108-11.
With R. B. Taylorson. Anesthetic effects on seed dormancy an
overview. Isr. I. Bot., 29:273 - 80.
OCR for page 213
Representative terms from entire chapter:
biographical memoirs