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OCR for page R1
Understanding and Preventing Violence Albert J. Reiss, Jr., and Jeffrey A. Roth, Editors Panel on the Understanding and Control of Violent Behavior Committee on Law and Justice Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1993
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Page ii
National Academy Press · 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. · Washington, D.C. 20418
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
This project was sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the National Institute of Justice, and the Centers for Disease Control.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Understanding and preventing violence: panel on the understanding and control of violent behavior / Albert J. Reiss, Jr., and Jeffrey A. Roth, editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-309-04594-0; ISBN 0-309-05476-1 (pbk) 1. ViolenceUnited States. 2. ViolenceUnited States Prevention. 3. Violent crimesUnited States. I. Reiss, Albert J. II. Roth, Jeffrey A., 1945- HN90.V5U53 1993 303.6dc20 92-32137 CIP
Copyright 1993 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
First Printing, November 1992 Second Printing, April 1993 Third Printing, February 1994 Fourth Printing, July 1994 Fifth Printing, October 1994 Sixth Printing, February 1996 Seventh Printing, September 1998
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Panel On The Understanding And Control Of Violent Behavior
Albert J. Reiss, Jr. (Chair), Department of Sociology, Yale University
David P. Farrington (Vice Chair), Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University
Elijah Anderson, Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania
Gregory Carey, Institute of Behavior Genetics, University of Colorado
Jacqueline Cohen, School of Urban and Public Affairs, Carnegie Mellon University
Philip J. Cook, Institute of Policy Sciences, Duke University
Felton Earls, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University
Leonard Eron, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois
Lucy Friedman, Victim Services Agency, New York
Ted Robert Gurr, Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland
Jerome Kagan, Department of Psychology, Harvard University
Arthur Kellermann, Emergency Department, Regional Medical Center, Memphis, and Department of Internal Medicine and Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee
Ron Langevin, Juniper Associates Psychological Services, Toronto, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto
Colin Loftin, Institute of Criminal Justice and Criminology, University of Maryland
Klaus A. Miczek, Department of Psychology, Tufts University
Mark H. Moore, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
James F. Short, Jr., Social and Economic Sciences Research Center, Washington State University
Lloyd Street, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University
Franklin E. Zimring, Law School, University of California, Berkeley
Jeffrey A. Roth, Principal Staff Officer
Neil Alan Weiner, Senior Research Associate
Maryellen Fisher, Senior Project Assistant
Teresa Williams, Senior Project Assistant
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Page iv
Committee On Law And Justice 1990-1991
Stanton Wheeler (Chair), School of Law, Yale University
Joan McCord (Vice Chair), Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University
Robert Boruch, Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania
José Cabranes, U.S. District Judge, New Haven, Connecticut
John Coffee, Columbia University School of Law
Philip J. Cook, Institute of Policy Sciences, Duke University
David P. Farrington, Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University
Robert Kagan, Center for Law and Society, University of California, Berkeley
Mark H. Moore, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
Albert J. Reiss, Jr. (ex officio), Chair, Panel on the Understanding and Control of Violent Behavior
John Rolph, The Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California
Ellen Schall, National Center for Health Education, New York
Jerome Skolnick, School of Law (Jurisprudence & Social Policy), University of California, Berkeley
Lloyd Street, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University
Neil Vidmar, School of Law, Duke University
Barbara Yngvesson, School of Social Science, Hampshire College
Jeffrey A. Roth, Principal Staff Officer
Maryellen Fisher, Senior Project Assistant