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Understanding and Preventing Violence, Volume 1 (1993)
Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education (CBASSE)

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I
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Understanding and Preventing Violence

Albert J. Reiss, Jr., and Jeffrey A. Roth, Editors

Panel on the Understanding and Control of Violent Behavior

Committee on Law and Justice

Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education

National Research Council

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C. 1993

Page
I
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OCR for page R1
Understanding and Preventing Violence Albert J. Reiss, Jr., and Jeffrey A. Roth, Editors Panel on the Understanding and Control of Violent Behavior Committee on Law and Justice Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1993

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Page ii National Academy Press · 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. · Washington, D.C. 20418 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. This project was sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the National Institute of Justice, and the Centers for Disease Control. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Understanding and preventing violence: panel on the understanding and control of violent behavior / Albert J. Reiss, Jr., and Jeffrey A. Roth, editors. p.    cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-309-04594-0; ISBN 0-309-05476-1 (pbk) 1. Violence—United States.  2.  Violence—United States— Prevention.  3.  Violent crimes—United States.  I.  Reiss, Albert J.  II.  Roth, Jeffrey A., 1945- HN90.V5U53    1993 303.6—dc20                    92-32137                          CIP Copyright 1993 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America First Printing, November 1992 Second Printing, April 1993 Third Printing, February 1994 Fourth Printing, July 1994 Fifth Printing, October 1994 Sixth Printing, February 1996 Seventh Printing, September 1998

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Page iii Panel On The Understanding And Control Of Violent Behavior Albert J. Reiss, Jr. (Chair), Department of Sociology, Yale University David P. Farrington (Vice Chair), Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University Elijah Anderson, Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania Gregory Carey, Institute of Behavior Genetics, University of Colorado Jacqueline Cohen, School of Urban and Public Affairs, Carnegie Mellon University Philip J. Cook, Institute of Policy Sciences, Duke University Felton Earls, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University Leonard Eron, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Lucy Friedman, Victim Services Agency, New York Ted Robert Gurr, Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland Jerome Kagan, Department of Psychology, Harvard University Arthur Kellermann, Emergency Department, Regional Medical Center, Memphis, and Department of Internal Medicine and Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Ron Langevin, Juniper Associates Psychological Services, Toronto, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Colin Loftin, Institute of Criminal Justice and Criminology, University of Maryland Klaus A. Miczek, Department of Psychology, Tufts University Mark H. Moore, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University James F. Short, Jr., Social and Economic Sciences Research Center, Washington State University Lloyd Street, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University Franklin E. Zimring, Law School, University of California, Berkeley Jeffrey A. Roth, Principal Staff Officer Neil Alan Weiner, Senior Research Associate Maryellen Fisher, Senior Project Assistant Teresa Williams, Senior Project Assistant

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Page iv Committee On Law And Justice 1990-1991 Stanton Wheeler (Chair), School of Law, Yale University Joan McCord (Vice Chair), Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University Robert Boruch, Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania José Cabranes, U.S. District Judge, New Haven, Connecticut John Coffee, Columbia University School of Law Philip J. Cook, Institute of Policy Sciences, Duke University David P. Farrington, Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University Robert Kagan, Center for Law and Society, University of California, Berkeley Mark H. Moore, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University Albert J. Reiss, Jr. (ex officio), Chair, Panel on the Understanding and Control of Violent Behavior John Rolph, The Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California Ellen Schall, National Center for Health Education, New York Jerome Skolnick, School of Law (Jurisprudence & Social Policy), University of California, Berkeley Lloyd Street, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University Neil Vidmar, School of Law, Duke University Barbara Yngvesson, School of Social Science, Hampshire College Jeffrey A. Roth, Principal Staff Officer Maryellen Fisher, Senior Project Assistant