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Twenty-First Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS
Twenty-First Symposium on
NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS
Wave-Induced Ship Motions and Loads
Frontier Experimental Techniques
Wake Dynamics
Viscous Ship Hydrodynamics
Water Entry
Wave Hydrodynamics/Stratified Flow
Bluff Body Hydrodynamics
Hydrodynamics in Ship Design
Shallow Water Hydrodynamics
Cavitation and Bubbly Flows
Propulsor Hydrodynamics/Hydroacoustics
Fluid Dynamics in the Naval Context
CFD Validation
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Twenty-First Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS
Attendees at the Twenty-First Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, Trondheim, Norway, June 24–28, 1996.
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Twenty-First Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS
Twenty-First Symposium on
NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS
Wave-Induced Ship Motions and Loads
Frontier Experimental Techniques
Wake Dynamics
Viscous Ship Hydrodynamics
Water Entry
Wave Hydrodynamics/Stratified Flow
Bluff Body Hydrodynamics
Hydrodynamics in Ship Design
Shallow Water Hydrodynamics
Cavitation and Bubbly Flows
Propulsor Hydrodynamics/Hydroacoustics
Fluid Dynamics in the Naval Context
CFD Validation
Sponsored Jointly by
Office of Naval Research
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Naval Studies Board
Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications
National Research Council
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.
1997
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Twenty-First Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS
The National Research Council serves as an independent advisor to the federal government on scientific and technical questions of national importance. Established in 1916 under the congressional charter of the private, nonprofit National Academy of Sciences, the Research Council brings the resources of the entire scientific and technical community to bear on national problems through its volunteer advisory committees. Today the Research Council stands as the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering and is administered jointly by the two academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Research Council has numerous operating units. One of these is the Naval Studies Board, which is charged with conducting and reporting on surveys and studies in the field of scientific research and development applicable to the operation and function of the Navy.
A portion of the work done to prepare this document was performed under Department of Navy Contract N00014-95-1-1189 issued by the Office of Naval Research under contract authority NR 201–124. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the Department of the Navy or the government, and no official endorsement should be inferred.
The United States Government has at least a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable license throughout the world for government purposes to publish, translate, reproduce, deliver, perform, and dispose of all or any of this work, and to authorize others so to do.
Copyright 1997 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
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Twenty-First Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS
NAVAL STUDIES BOARD
David R.Heebner,
Science Applications International Corporation
(retired), Chair
George M.Whitesides,
Harvard University,
Vice Chair
Albert J.Baciocco, Jr.,
The Baciocco Group, Inc.
Alan Berman,
Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University
Norman E.Betaque,
Logistics Management Institute
Norval L.Broome,
Mitre Corporation
Gerald A.Cann,
Raytheon Company
Seymour J.Deitchman,
Chevy Chase, Maryland,
Special Advisor
Anthony J.DeMaria,
DeMaria ElectroOptics Systems, Inc.
John F.Egan,
Lockheed Martin Corporation
Robert Hummel,
Hummel Enterprises, Inc.
David W.McCall,
Far Hills, New Jersey
Robert J.Murray,
Center for Naval Analyses
Robert B.Oakley,
National Defense University
William J.Phillips,
Northstar Associates, Inc.
Mara G.Prentiss,
Jefferson Laboratory, Harvard University
Herbert Rabin,
University of Maryland
Julie JCH Ryan, Booz, Allen and Hamilton
Harrison Shull,
Monterey, California
Keith A.Smith,
Vienna, Virginia
Robert C.Spindel,
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington
David L.Stanford,
Science Applications International Corporation
H.Gregory Tornatore,
Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University
J.Pace VanDevender,
Prosperity Institute
Vincent Vitto,
Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Bruce Wald,
Arlington Education Consultants
Navy Liaison Representatives
Paul G.Blatch,
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (N911T1)
Ronald N.Kostoff,
Office of Naval Research
Ronald D.Taylor, Director
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Twenty-First Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS
COMMISSION ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, AND APPLICATIONS
Robert J.Hermann,
United Technologies Corporation,
Co-Chair
W.Carl Lineberger,
University of Colorado,
Co-Chair
Peter M.Banks,
Environmental Research Institute of Michigan
Lawrence D.Brown,
University of Pennsylvania
Ronald G.Douglas,
Texas A&M University
John E.Estes,
University of California at Santa Barbara
L.Louis Hegedus,
Elf Atochem North America, Inc.
John E.Hopcroft,
Cornell University
Rhonda J.Hughes,
Bryn Mawr College
Shirley A.Jackson,
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Kenneth H.Keller,
University of Minnesota
Kenneth I.Kellermann,
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Margaret G.Kivelson,
University of California at Los Angeles
Daniel Kleppner,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
John Kreick, Sanders,
a Lockheed Martin Company
Marsha I.Lester,
University of Pennsylvania
Thomas A.Prince,
California Institute of Technology
Nicholas P.Samios,
Brookhaven National Laboratory
L.E.Scriven,
University of Minnesota
Shmuel Winograd,
IBM T.J.Watson Research Center
Charles A.Zraket,
Mitre Corporation
(retired)
Norman Metzger, Executive Director
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Twenty-First Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS
FOREWORD
The Twenty-First Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics was held in Trondheim, Norway, from June 24–28, 1996. This international symposium was organized jointly by the Office of Naval Research (Mechanics and Energy Conversion S&T Division), the National Research Council (Naval Studies Board), and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. This biennial symposium promotes the technical exchange of naval research developments of common interest to all the countries of the world. The forum encourages both formal and informal discussion of the presented papers, and the occasion provides an opportunity for direct communication between international peers.
More than 170 participants from 23 countries attended the symposium. The attendees represented a mixture of experience and expertise, as some attendees were newly graduated students and others were of established international repute. Seventy-two papers were presented in thirteen topical areas covered by the symposium, including wave-induced ship motions and loads, viscous ship hydrodynamics, wake dynamics, wave hydrodynamics, cavitation and bubbly flows, propulsor hydrodynamics/hydroacoustics, water entry, bluff body hydrodynamics, shallow water hydrodynamics, fluid dynamics in the naval context, CFD validation, frontier experimental techniques, and hydrodynamics in ship design. These topical areas were chosen for this particular meeting because of the recent advances made in them. Examples of the significant advances presented in the papers are the high-resolution numerical solution of bow waves for slender hull forms showing the origin of bow waves in the bow splash, the influence of cavitation nuclei on the cavitation bucket for full-scale predictions, the coupling of hydrodynamic impact and elastic response during slamming, and the development of a two-fluid turbulent flow computational method for surface ships. This brief list illustrates the quality and timeliness of the symposium for naval hydrodynamics.
The symposium featured invited lectures each morning. The lectures were presented by M. Longuet-Higgins, H.Miyata, P.Bearman, J. Milgram, and M.Sevik and covered topics from breaking waves to bluff body wakes to hydroacoustics, as well as CFD simulations and hydrodynamics in sailing. These lectures by prominent international experts set the pace for the sessions that followed.
The success of this symposium is the result of hard work on the part of many people. There was, of course, the Organizing and Paper Selection Committee consisting of myself, Dr. Patrick Purtell, and Mr. James Fein (Office of Naval Research), Dr. Ronald Taylor (National Research Council), Prof. Odd Faltinsen (Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Dr. William Morgan (David Taylor Model Basin), and Mr. John Dalzell (Journal of Ship Research). The contribution of this committee was certainly the cornerstone for the success of the symposium. However, the administrative preparation and execution, and the production of this archival volume, would not have been possible without the support of Mrs. Susan Campbell, Mrs. Dixie Gordon, and the staff of the Naval Studies Board of the National Research Council. Special appreciation is also extended to Ms. Emma Kenney, from my office, for handling the abstract collection and following through with the preparation of the discussion sections.
Edwin P.Rood
Office of Naval Research
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Twenty-First Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS
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Twenty-First Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS
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Twenty-First Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS
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CONTENTS
OPENING REMARKS
Dr. Fred E. Saalfeld
Deputy Chief of Naval Research/Technical Director
3
TECHNICAL SESSIONS
Invited Lecture
Progress Toward Understanding How Waves Break
M.Longuet-Higgins (University of California at San Diego, USA)
7
Wave-Induced Ship Motions and Loads
Radiation and Diffraction Waves of a Ship at Forward Speed
M.Ohkusu, G.Wen (Kyushu University, Japan)
29
Nonlinear Ship Motions and Wave-Induced Loads by a Rankine Method
D.Kring, Y.-F.Huang, P.Sclavounos (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA), T.Vada, A.Braathen (Det Norske Veritas, Norway)
45
Nonlinear Water Wave Computations Using a Multipole Accelerated, Desingularized Method
S.Scorpio, R.Beck (University of Michigan, USA), F.Korsmeyer (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA)
64
Computations of Wave Loads Using a B-Spline Panel Method
C.-H.Lee, H.Maniar, J.Newman, X.Zhu (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA)
75
Wave-Induced Motions and Loads
Simulation of Strongly Nonlinear Wave Generation and Wave-Body Interactions Using a 3-D MEL Model
P.Ferrant (SIREHNA, France)
93
Analysis of Interactions Between Nonlinear Waves and Bodies by Domain Decomposition
G.-X.Wu, Q.-W.Ma (University College London, United Kingdom), R.Taylor (University of Oxford, United Kingdom)
110
Fourier-Kochin Theory of Free-Surface Flows
F.Noblesse (David Taylor Model Basin, USA), X.-B.Chen (Bureau Veritas, France), C.Yang (George Mason University, USA)
120
Frontier Experimental Techniques
24-Inch Water Tunnel Flow Field Measurements During Propeller Crashback C.-W.Jiang,1 R.Dong,2 H.-L.Liu,1 M.-S.Chang1 (1David Taylor Model Basin, 2Johns Hopkins University, USA)
136
Accuracy of Wave Pattern Analysis Methods in Towing Tanks F.-X.Dumez, S.Cordier (Bassin d'Essais des Carènes, France)
147
Unsteady Three-Dimensional Cross-Flow Separation Measurements on a Prolate Spheroid Undergoing Time-Dependent Maneuvers T.Wetzel, R.Simpson (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA)
161
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Wave-Induced Ship Motions and Loads
Time-Domain Calculations of First- and Second-Order Forces on a Vessel Sailing in Waves
L.Sierevogel, A.Hermans (Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands), R.Huijsmans (Maritime Research Institute, The Netherlands)
177
Third-Order Volterra Modeling of Ship Responses Based on Regular Wave Results
L.Adegeest (Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands)
189
Nonlinearly Interacting Responses of the Two Rotational Modes of Motion—Roll and Pitch Motions
I.-G.Oh (Samsung Heavy Industries, Korea), A.Nayfeh (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA)
205
Nonlinear Shallow-Water Flow on Deck Coupled with Ship Motion
Z.-J.Huang, C.-C.Hsiung (Technical University of Nova Scotia, Canada)
220
Wake Dynamics
Radar Backscatter of a V-like Ship Wake from a Sea Surface Covered by Surfactants
G.Zilman, T.Miloh (Tel-Aviv University, Israel)
235
Turbulent Free-Surface Flows: A Comparison Between Numerical Simulations and Experimental Measurements
D.Dommermuth,1 M.Gharib,2 H.Huang,2 G.Innis,1 P.Maheo,2 E.Novikov,3 J.Talcott,1 D.Wyatt1 (Science Applications International Corporation, 2California Institute of Technology, 3University of California at San Diego, USA)
249
Conductivity Measurements in the Wake of Submerged Bodies in Density-Stratified Media
T.Sarpkaya, T.Massidda (Naval Postgraduate School, USA)
266
Macro Wake Measurements for a Range of Ships
M.Hoekstra, A.Aalbers (Maritime Research Institute, The Netherlands)
278
Invited Lecture
Time-Marching CFD Simulation for Moving Boundary Problems
H.Miyata (University of Tokyo, Japan)
291
Viscous Ship Hydrodynamics
Yaw Effects on Model-Scale Ship Flows
J.Longo, F.Stern (University of Iowa, USA)
312
A Multigrid Velocity-Pressure-Free Surface Elevation Fully Coupled Solver for Calculation of Turbulent Incompressible Flow Around a Hull
B.Alessandrini, G.Delhommeau (Ecole Centrale de Nantes, France)
328
The Shoulder Wave and Separation Generated by a Surface-Piercing Strut
E.Pogozelski, J.Katz (Johns Hopkins University, USA), T.Huang (David Taylor Model Basin, USA)
346
Vorticity Fields due to Rolling Bodies in a Free Surface—Experiment and Theory
R.Yeung, C.Cermelli, S.-W.Liao (University of California at Berkeley, USA)
359
Numerical Calculations of Ship Stern Flows at Full-Scale Reynolds Numbers
L.Eça (Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal) M.Hoekstra (Maritime Research Institute, The Netherlands)
377
Near- and Far-Field CFD for a Naval Combatant Including Thermal-Stratification and Two-Fluid Modeling
E.Paterson,1 M.Hyman,2 F.Stern,1 P.Carrica,3 F.Bonetto,3 D.Drew,3 R.Lahey, Jr.3 (1University of Iowa, 2Naval Surface Warfare Center [Panama City], 3Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA)
392
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Water Entry
Water Entry of Arbitrary Two-Dimensional Sections with and Without Flow Separation
R.Zhao,1 O.Faltinsen,2 J.Aarsnes1 (1MARINTEK, 2Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway)
408
Coupled Hydrodynamic Impact and Elastic Response
D.-J.Kim,1 W.Vorus,2 A.Troesch,2 R.Gollwitzer3 (1University of Pusan, Korea; 2University of Michigan, USA; 3Naval Surface Warfare Center [Panama City], USA)
424
A Practical Prediction of Wave-Induced Structural Responses in Ships with Large Amplitude Motion
M.-K.Wu, J.Aarsnes, O.Hermundstad (MARINTEK, Norway), T.Moan (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway)
438
Viscous Ship Hydrodynamics
Evaluation of Eddy Viscosity and Second-Moment Turbulence Closures for Steady Flows Around Ships
G.Deng, M.Visonneau (Ecole Centrale de Nantes, France)
453
On the Modeling of the Flow Past a Free-Surface-Piercing Flat Plate
A.Di Mascio, M.Landrini, E.Campana (Istituto Nazionale per Studi ed Esperienze di Architettura Navale, Italy)
470
Self-Propelled Maneuvering Underwater Vehicles
H.McDonald (Pennsylvania State University, USA), D.Whitfield (Mississippi State University, USA)
478
Spray Formation at the Free Surface of Turbulent Bow Sheets
Z.Dai, L.-P.Hsiang, G.Faeth (University of Michigan, USA)
490
Wave Hydrodynamics/Stratified Flow
Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Breaking Waves About Ships
A.Kanai, T.Kawamura, H.Miyata (University of Tokyo, Japan)
506
Generation Mechanisms and Sources of Vorticity Within a Spilling Breaking Wave
D.Dabiri, M.Gharib (California Institute of Technology, USA)
520
The Flow Field in Steady Breaking Waves
D.Coakley (David Taylor Model Basin, USA), J.Duncan (University of Maryland, USA)
534
Freak Waves—A Three-Dimensional Wave Simulation
K.Trulsen, K.Dysthe (University of Bergen, Norway)
550
Invited Lecture
Bluff Body Hydrodynamics
P.Bearman (Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, United Kingdom)
561
Bluff Body Hydrodynamics
Large-Eddy Simulation of the Vortical Motion Resulting from Flow over Bluff Bodies
S.Jordan (Naval Undersea Warfare Center, USA)
580
The Wake of a Bluff Body Moving Through Waves
R.Arkell, J.Graham (Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, United Kingdom)
592
Low-Dimensional Modeling of Flow-Induced Vibrations via Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
D.Newman, G.Karniadakis (Brown University, USA)
605
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Measurements of Hydrodynamic Damping of Bluff Bodies with Application to the Prediction of Viscous Damping of TLP Hulls
P.Bearman, M.Russell (Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, United Kingdom)
622
Invited Lecture
Hydrodynamics in Advanced Sailing Design
J.Milgram (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA)
635
Hydrodynamics in Ship Design
Divergent Bow Waves
M.Tulin, M.Wu (University of California at Santa Barbara, USA)
661
A Method for the Optimization of Ship Hulls from a Resistance Point of View
C.Janson, L.Larsson (Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden)
680
Hydrodynamic Optimization of Fast-Displacement Catamarans
A.Papanikolaou, P.Kaklis, C.Koskinas, D.Spanos (National Technical University of Athens, Greece)
697
Shallow Water Hydrodynamics
On Ships at Supercritical Speeds
X.-N.Chen (University of Stuttgart, Germany), S.Sharma (Mercator University, Germany)
715
The Influence of a Bottom Mud Layer on the Steady-State Hydrodynamics of Marine Vehicles
L.Doctors (Australian Maritime Engineering Cooperative Research Center, Australia), G.Zilman, T.Miloh (Tel-Aviv University, Israel)
727
A Hybrid Approach to Capture Free-Surface and Viscous Effects for a Ship in a Channel
V.Bertram (Institut für Schiffbau, Germany), S.Ishikawa (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Japan)
743
Cavitation and Bubbly Flows
Shock Waves in Cloud Cavitation
C.Brennen, G.Reisman, Y.-C.Wang (California Institute of Technology, USA)
756
Asymptotic Solution of the Flow Problem and Estimate of Delay of Cavitation Inception for a Hydrofoil with a Jet Flap
K.Rozhdestvensky, I.Belousov (St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Russia)
772
Examination of the Flow Near the Leading Edge and Closure of Stable Attached Cavitation
A.Leger, P.-W.Yu, K.Laberteaux, S.Ceccio (University of Michigan, USA)
783
Wave Hydrodynamics/Stratified Flow
Numerical Investigation on the Turbulent and Vortical Flows Beneath the Free Surface Around Struts
U.-C.Jeong, Y.Doi, K.-H.Mori (Hiroshima University, Japan)
794
Steep and Breaking Faraday Waves
L.Jiang, M.Perlin, W.Schultz (University of Michigan, USA)
812
The Forces Exerted by Internal Waves on a Restrained Body Submerged in a Stratified Fluid
N.Gavrilov, E.Ermanyuk, I.Sturova (Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Russia)
827
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Cavitation and Bubbly Flows
Influence of the Cavitation Nuclei on the Cavitation Bucket when Predicting the Full-Scale Behavior of a Marine Propeller
B.Gindroz (Bassin d'Essais des Carènes, France), G.Bailo (MARISPENAV, Italy), F.Matera, M.Elefante (MARISTAT SPMM, Italy)
839
Inception, Development, and Noise of a Tip Vortex Cavitation
L.Briançon-Marjollet, L.Merle (Bassin d'Essais des Carènes, France)
851
Velocity and Turbulence in the Near-Field Region of Tip Vortices from Elliptical Wings: Its Impact on Cavitation
A.Pauchet (Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées, France)
865
Calculations of Pressure Fluctuations on the Ship Hull Induced by Intermittently Cavitating Propellers
Y.-Z.Kehr, C.-Y.Hsin, Y.-C.Sun (National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan)
882
Invited Lecture
Hydroacoustic Considerations in Marine Propulsor Design
M.Sevik (David Taylor Model Basin, USA)
898
Propulsor Hydrodynamics/Hydroacoustics
Prediction of Unsteady Performance of Marine Propellers with Cavitation Using Surface-Panel Method
Y.-G.Kim (Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., Korea), C.-S.Lee (Chungnam National University, Korea)
913
A Comparative Study of Conventional and Tip-Fin Propeller Performance
P.Anderson (Technical University of Denmark, Denmark)
930
A New Way of Simulating Whale Tail Propulsion
J.van Manen (Whale Tail Development, The Netherlands), T.van Terwisga (Maritime Research Institute, The Netherlands)
946
Effects of Tip-Clearance Flows
Y.-T.Lee,1 J.Feng,2 C.Merkle,2 M.Tse1 (1David Taylor Model Basin, 2Pennsylvania State University, USA)
959
Experiments in the Swirling Wake of a Self-Propelled Axisymmetric Body
A.Sirviente, V.Patel (University of Iowa, USA)
973
Hydrodynamic Forces on a Surface-Piercing Plate in Steady Maneuvering Motion
Z.-J.Zou (Wuhan Transportation University, China)
986
Fluid Dynamics in the Naval Context
Advances in Panel Methods
H.Söding (Institut für Schiffbau, Germany)
997
Effect of Ship Motion on DD-963 Ship Airwake Simulated by Multizone Navier-Stokes Solution
T.Tai (David Taylor Model Basin, USA)
1007
Large-Eddy Simulation of Decaying Free-Surface Turbulence with Dynamic Mixed Subgrid-Scale Models
M.Salvetti (Università di Pisa, Italy), Y.Zang, R.Street (Stanford University, USA), S.Banerjee (University of California at Santa Barbara, USA)
1018
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CFD Validation
Fully Nonlinear Hydrodynamic Calculations for Ship Design on Parallel Computing Platforms
G.Cowles, L.Martinelli (Princeton University, USA)
1033
Validation of Incompressible Flow Computation of Forces and Moments on Axisymmetric Bodies Undergoing Constant Radius Turning
C.-H.Sung, T.-C.Fu, M.Griffin, T.Huang (David Taylor Model Basin, USA)
1048
The Validation of CFD Predictions of Nominal Wake for the SUBOFF Fully Appended Geometry
P.Bull (Defence Research Agency, United Kingdom)
1061
APPENDIX—LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
1077