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ENHANCING THE POSTDOCTORAL EXPERIENCE FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS: A Guide for Postdoctoral Scholars, Advisers, Institutions, Funding Organizations, and Disciplinary Societies
TABLE 1-1: Top 25 Academic Institutions with the Largest Total Number of Postdoctoral Appointments in 1998
Institution
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Biological Sciences
All Academic Institutions
357
3,716
1,859
15,480
Top 25
Harvard University
11
115
44
1,003
University of Calif at San Francisco
319
Stanford University
72
7
423
Johns Hopkins University
53
23
292
University of Calif at San Diego
86
54
269
University of Washington
6
28
24
439
University of Calif at Berkeley
35
169
24
475
University of Pennsylvania
52
45
302
University of California, Los Angeles
85
38
213
Duke University
29
293
University of Michigan
8
37
30
183
University of Colorado
36
67
163
Washington University
35
13
281
Univ of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
60
16
218
Cornell University
63
48
156
University of Minnesota
6
47
21
249
University of Southern California
45
5
125
University of Arizona
51
40
36
188
California Institute of Technology
21
96
54
170
University of Wisconsin-Madison
2
42
17
171
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
78
20
127
Indiana University
36
22
156
Baylor College of Medicine
257
Univ of Texas SW Medical Ctr at Dallas
277
Univ of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Ctr
2
233
Source: 1998 Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Scienceand Engineering
A changing pattern.
By the late 1970s, the pattern of postdoctoral behavior began to change. Numbers of postdocs increased as PhD labor markets weakened. The time spent as postdocs began to lengthen, suggesting difficulty in finding jobs. A substantial number of those receiving PhDs reported that they became postdocs because they had few other options.4
Employment conditions improved somewhat in the mid- and late 1980s, but
4
Zumeta, W. Extending the Educational Ladder: The Changing Quality and Valueof Postdoctoral Study. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath/Lexington Books, 1985.
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