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Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals
TABLE 10–2 Toxic Effects of Antimony Trioxide Following Inhalation Exposure
Species, Strain, Number
Exposurea 3 ); Duration
Duration-adjusted Concentrations (mg/m3 )b
Effects
NOAEL/LOAEL (mg/m3 )
RDDR
HEC NOAEL/ LOAEL
Reference
Rat, NS, 50
100–125; 100 hr/mo for 14.5 mo
13.9–17.4
Diffuse, interstitial fibrosis; 18% died of pneumonia
LOAEL: 13.9
ND
ND
Gross et al. 1955b
Rabbit, NS, 20
89; 100 hr/mo for 10 mo
12.4
85% died of pneumonia
LOAEL: 12.4
ND
ND
Gross et al. 1955b
Guinea pig, NS, 24
45.4 (average); 2–3 hr/d, 7 d/wk for 6 mo
3.8–5.7
Pneumonitis, liver and spleen effects, decreased white blood cell counts
LOAEL: 3.8
ND
ND
Dernehl 1945
Rat, Wistar, 90/sex
45.5; 7 hr/d, 5 d/wk for 52 wk; 20-wk observation
9.4
Interstitial fibrosis, alveolar-wall cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and cuboidal and columnar cell metaplasia of the lungs
LOAEL: 9.4
ND
LOAEL: 5
Groth et al. 1986
Rat, Fischer 344, 55/sex
0.25, 1.08, 4.92, or 23.46; 6 hr/d, 5 d/wk for 13 wk; 27-wk observation
0.04, 0.19, 0.88, 4.19
6% decrease in body weight
Increased lung weight
NOAEL: 0.88 (M)
LOAEL: 4.19 (M)
NOAEL: 0.19
LOAEL: 0.88
0.324 0.585
ND
NOAEL: 0.006 LOAEL: 0.51
ND
Newton et al. 1994
Newton et al. 1994
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