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Marine Biotechnology in the Twenty-First Century: Problems, Promise, and Products (2002)
Ocean Studies Board (OSB)
Board on Life Sciences (BLS)

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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy.


Marine Biotechnology in the Twenty-First Century: Problems, Promise, and Products

TABLE 1 Some Examples of Commercially Available Marine Bioproducts

Product

Application

Original Source

Pharmaceuticals

Ara-A (acyclovir)

Antiviral drug (herpes infections)

Marine sponge, Cryptotethya cryta

Ara-C (cytosar-U, cytarabine)

Anticancer drug (leukemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

Marine sponge, Cryptotethya cryta

Molecular Probes

Okadaic acid

Phosphatase inhibitor

Dinoflagellate

Manoalide

Phospholipase A2 inhibitor

Marine sponge, Luffariella variabilis

Aequorin

Bioluminescent calcium indicator

Bioluminescent jellyfish, Aequora victoria

Green fluorescent protein (GFP)

Reporter gene

Bioluminescent jellyfish, Aequora victoria

Enzymes

Vent and Deep Vent DNA polymerase (New England BioLabs)

Polymerase chain reaction enzyme

Deep-sea hydrothermal vent bacterium

Nutritional Supplements

Formulaid (Martek Biosciences)

Fatty acids used as additive in infant formula nutritional supplement

Marine microalga

Pigment

Phycoerythrin

Conjugated antibodies used in ELISAs and flow cytometry

Red algae

Cosmetic additives

Resilience (Estée Lauder)

“Marine extract” additive

Caribbean gorgonian, Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae

 

SOURCE: Adapted from Pomponi (1999).

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