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OCR for page 167
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PLATE 1 Photo of ~~sosbc4~s ~~so~t commonly known as the Antarchc too~-
hsh. This species is an example of Notothenioid Hat has evolved neutral buoy-
ancy Trough reduction of skeletal minerahzation and increased lipid deposition.
SOURCE: Photo taken by Kevin HoeCing and provided courtesy of Dr. Chris
Chant Universe of IHinois at U~ana-Champaign.
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
sediment particle
PLATE 2 The icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus. (Left) An adult male of -45-cm
total length. The background grid measures 10 x 10 cm. (Right) A living, gravid
female. Lifting the operculum reveals the white complexion of the gills due to
the absence of red blood cells. In red-blooded relatives, such as Notothenia corliceps
(not shown), the gills are a brilliant crimson due to oxygenation of hemoglobin in
red cells. SOURCE: Photos by H.W. Detrich, III.
PLATE 3 Globin-related sequences in the genomes of red- and white-blooded
Antarctic fishes. (A and B) Southern blots of genomic DNAs from four red-
blooded fishes: Gg, the Antarctic humped rocked (Gobionotothen gibberifrons); Na,
the New Zealand black cod (Notothenia angustata); Nc, the Antarctic yellowbelly
rockcod (
A B
~ - GLOBIN ~ - GLOBIN
G~ ~< ~ G~ &~ O~ ~ 9~ ~ G~ &
The Adult GIobin Gene Complex
of Antarctic Fishes
Notothen~a coraceps, a red-blooded notothenioid
cc-.lobin
,, 13-.lobin
~_~
39 - 5, ~' ~ 3,
Icefishes, the ~hite-blooded notothenioids
a
~ I
d I Typical a-globin gelle remnant (14 of 16 species)
ac ~
~ ~. /~.
~a~ c - ,~l~l ,o, .veopag ~opsis ~ on a~
a Splice defect
,~
~il——o Dacodraco hunteri
I I I I I I I I I D ~ I i I ~ i I
~ O.5 ~ ~ 1.5 2.8 4.5 5.O 5.5 S.~b
gene only, and the 16th species, Dacodraco hunteri, has a further deletion in the
alpha-globin gene remnant. These data imply that globin gene loss occurred a
minimum of three times during diversification of the hemoglobinless icefishes.
SOURCE: A and B. Cocca et al., 1995; C, H.W. Detrich, III unpublished results.
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~~ ~ S~L.F ~ ~~; ~
PLATE 4 Map showing the latitudinal and sea-land gradients along the Victoria
Land coast being studied by the Italian and New Zealand research programs.
Red spots indicate sites of possible sample collection. SOURCE: Berkman and
Tipton-Everett, 2001.
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PLATE 5 (A) Photographic presentation of an aggregate from 2 m beneath the
surface of the permanent ice cover of Lake Bonney located in the upper Taylor
Valley of the McMurdo Dry Valley system. The photograph was taken from
within a 3.5-m deep trench cut into the ice in early September before the forma-
tion of liquid water. (B) Computed tomography (CT) scan of a section of ice core
from Lake Vida, Victoria Valley (blue = ice, black spheres within the core section
= gas bubbles in the ice, red-orange = sediment particles, green = particulate
organic matter). The inner diameter of the circular sample chamber (blue-green
ring) surrounding the ice core section is 76 mm. (C) Confocal laser photomicro-
graphs showing microorganisms associated with a sediment particle with enlarged
views of two species of cyanobacteria (blue = DAPI stained bacteria, red = chloro-
phyll autofluorescence, gray = sediment particle). (D) SCOT microautoradio-
graph of sediment particles bound together by cyanobacterial filaments (dark
regions denote sites of active i4C accumulation indicative of photosynthetic activ-
ity). NOTE: DAPI = 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride. SOURCE:
Modified from Priscu et al., 1998.
| LAKE ICE MICROBIAL CONSORTIUM |
Photosynthetic prokaryotes
l
E:: f oc
t_ A
I CO, NH + 51 4
~ 14--' . ~
I Heterotrophic prokaryotes l
Close spatial
arrangement
on lithic
surface
PLATE 6 Consortial relationships between photosynthetic and heterotrophic
prokaryotes found within the ice covers of the McMurdo Dry Valley lakes. NOTE:
IAS = ice active substances. N2 indicates that both groups of prokaryotes fix
atmospheric nitrogen that is exchanged between them. All of these exchanges
take place on micron or smaller scales. Such a consortium is necessary for the
survival and proliferation of life in the extreme environment posed by permanent
Antarctic lake ice. SOURCE: Priscu et al., in press.
~ f
i/
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PLATE 7 Map of the major facilities supporting research in the Arctic.
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