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Functions
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Ecosystem Processes and Components
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Goods and Services
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Pollination
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Role of biota in movement of floral gametes
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Pollination of wild plants species
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Biological control
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Population control through trophic-dynamic relations
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Control of pests and diseases
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Habitat
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Providing habitat (suitable living space) for wild plant and animal species
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Refugium
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Suitable living space for wild plants and animals
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Maintenance of biological and genetic diversity
Maintenance of commercially Harvested species
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Nursery
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Suitable reproductive habitat
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Hunting; gathering of fish, game, fruit, etc.
Aquaculture
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Production
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Provision of natural resources
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Food
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Conversion of solar energy into edible plants and animals
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Building and manufacturing
Fuel and energy
Fodder and fertilizer
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Raw materials
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Conversion of solar energy into biomass for human construction and other uses
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Improve crop resistance to pathogens and pests
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Genetic resources
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Genetic material and evolution in wild plants and animals
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Drugs and pharmaceuticals
Chemical models and tools
Test and assay organisms
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Medicinal resources
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Variety of (bio)chemical substances in, and other medicinal uses of, natural biota
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Ornamental resources
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Variety of biota in natural ecosystems with (potential) ornamental use
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Resources for fashion, handicraft, worship, decoration, etc.
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Information
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Providing opportunities for cognitive development
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Aesthetic
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Attractive landscape features
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Enjoyment of scenery
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Recreation
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Variety in landscapes with (potential) recreational uses
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Ecotourism
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