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Suggested Citation

National Academy of Sciences. 1990. Ecological Risks: Perspectives from Poland and the United States. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/1608.

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Publication Info

428 pages |  6 x 9 |  Paperback
ISBN: 978-0-309-04293-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17226/1608
Chapters skim
Front Matter i-xii
Overview 1-2
Assessment and Management of Ecological Risks 3-13
Executive Summary 14-28
Environmental Management Concepts 29-30
Evaluating Ecological Impacts: A Conceptual Framework 31-40
The Relationship Between Strategies of Social Development and Environmental Protection 41-59
Environmental Protection as an Element of International Economic Cooperation in Poland 60-76
The Role of Ecological Risk Assessment in Environmental Decision Making 77-88
Human Effects on the Terrestrial Environment 89-90
Characterizing Ecosystem Responses to Stress 91-115
Measuring Function and Disfunction in Ecosystems 116-140
Air Pollution Impacts on Forests in North America 141-154
Air Pollution and Forest Health in Central Europe: Poland, Czechoslovakia, and the German Democratic Republic 155-170
Impacts of Air Pollution on Agriculture in North America 171-195
Impacts of Air Pollution on Agriculture and Horticulture in Poland 196-214
Distribution and Movement of Selected Elements in Poland Using Pine Needle Analysis 215-231
Long-Term Ecological Monitoring in the National Parks of Poland 232-246
Agricultural Impacts 247-248
Ecological Guidelines for Management of Rural Areas in Poland 249-264
Ecological Problems Associated with Agricultural Development: Some Examples in the United States 265-280
Impacts of Aquatic Ecosystems 281-282
Assessment of Trophic Impact on the Lake Environment in Poland: A Proposal and Case Study 283-296
Aquatic Research and Water Quality Trends in the United States 297-314
River Water Quality Assessment and Management in Poland 315-330
Environmental Management Case Studies 331-332
Environmental Policy in Eastern Europe 333-341
Acid Deposition: A Case Study of Scientific Uncertainty and International Decision Making 342-354
Diagnosis of Environmental Protection Problems in Poland 355-373
Energy Use and Environmental Consequences in Poland 374-386
Recommendations 387-388
Recommendations for a Science-Based Program of Ecological Risk Assessment and Environmental Protection 389-396
Appendices 397-398
Appendix 1: List of Participants 399-403
Appendix 2: Summary Memoranda 404-407
Appendix 3: Cooperative Projects Suggested at 1987 Workshop 408-412
Appendix 4: Cooperative Projects Suggested at 1988 Workshop 413-416

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