@BOOK{NAP11010, author = "National Research Council", title = "Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens", isbn = "978-0-309-09122-0", doi = "10.17226/11010", abstract = "Recent and forecasted advances in microbiology, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry have made it timely to reassess the current paradigm of relying predominantly or exclusively on traditional bacterial indicators for all types of waterborne pathogens.\u00a0 Nonetheless, indicator approaches will still be required for the foreseeable future because it is not practical or feasible to monitor for the complete spectrum of microorganisms that may occur in water, and many known pathogens are difficult to detect directly and reliably in water samples.\u00a0 \n\nThis comprehensive report recommends the development and use of a \u201ctool box\u201d approach by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and others for assessing microbial water quality in which available indicator organisms (and\/or pathogens in some cases) and detection method(s) are matched to the requirements of a particular application.\u00a0 The report further recommends the use of a phased, three-level monitoring framework to support the selection of indicators and indicator approaches.\u00a0", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11010/indicators-for-waterborne-pathogens", year = 2004, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }