IDs--Not That Easy Questions About Nationwide Identity Systems Stephen T. Kent and Lynette I. Millett, Editors Committee on Authentication Technologies and Their Privacy Implications Computer Science and Telecommunications Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20418 NOTICE: The project from which this report was generated was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. Support for this project was provided by the National Science Foundation, the Office of Naval Research, the General Services Administration, the Federal Chief Information Officers' Council, and the Social Security Administration. Support for this special report was provided by the Vadasz Family Foundation, a contributor to the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board's program on information technology and society. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. International Standard Book Number 0-309-08430-X Additional copies of this report are available from: National Academy Press 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Box 285 Washington, DC 20055 800/624-6242 202/334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area) The report is also available online at <http://www.nap.edu> and <http://www.cstb.org/> Copyright 2002 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America