TABLE 4-1
Military Detection and Monitoring Equipment

Equipment	Agent	Sensitivity	Time	Cost	Operations/ Maintenance/Limits	Notes
M-8 Paper	Nerve-G Nerve-VX Mustard-H Liquids only	100-µ drops 100-µ drops 100-µ drops	<=30 sec	$1 per book of 25 sheets	Disposable/hand-held Dry, undamaged paper has indefinite shelf life	Chemical agent detector paper; 25 sheets/book and 50 booklets/box; potential for false positives.
M-9 Paper	Nerve-G Nerve-VX Mustard-H Liquids only	100-µ drops 100-µ drops 100-µ drops	<=20 sec	$5 per 10-m roll	Disposable/hand-held 3-year shelf life Carcinogen	Adhesive-backed dispenser roll or books.
M-18A2 Detector Kit	Nerve-GB Nerve-VX Mustard-H, HN, HD, HT Lewisite-L, ED, MD Phosgene-CG Blood-AC Liquid, vapor, aerosol	0.1 mg/m3 0.1 mg/m3 0.5 mg/m3 10.0 mg/m3 12.0 mg/m3 8.0 mg/m3	2—3 min	$360	Disposable tubes Hand-held	25 tests per kit; Detector tubes, detector tickets, and M-8.
M-256A1 Detector Kit	Nerve-G and VX Mustard-HD Lewisite-L Phosgene oxime-CX Blood-AC, CK Vapor or liquid	0.005 mg/m3 0.02 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 9.0 mg/m3 3.0 mg/m3 8.0 mg/m3	15 min Series is longer AC--25 min	$140	Disposable Hand-held 5-year shelf life	Each kit contains 12 disposable plastic sampler-detectors and M-8 paper.
M-272 Water Test Kit	Nerve-G and VX Mustard-HD Lewisite Hydrogen cyanide	0.02 mg/l 2.0 mg/l 2.0 mg/l 20.0 mg/l	7 min 7 min 7 min 6 min	$189	Portable/lightweight 5-year shelf life USN, USMC	Used to test raw or treated water; Type I and II detector tubes, eel enzyme detector tickets; Kit conducts 25 tests for each agent.
CAM Chemical Agent Monitor	Nerve-GA, GB, VX Blister-HD and HN Vapor only	0.03 mg/m3 0.1 mg/m3	30 sec <=1 min	$7,500	Hand-held/portable battery operated 6—8 hours continuous use. Maintenance required.	Radioactive source. False alarms to perfume, exhaust paint, additives to diesel fuel.
ICAM Improved Chemical Agent Detector	Nerve-G and V Mustard-HD	0.03 mg/m3 0.1 mg/m3	10 sec 10 sec	$7,500	4.5 pounds Minimal training	Alarm only; False positives common.
ICAM-APD Improved Chemical Agent Detector--Advanced Point Detector	Nerve-G Nerve-V Mustard-H Lewisite-L	0.1 mg/m3 0.04 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3	30 sec 30 sec 10 sec 10 sec	$15,000	12 pounds including batteries Low maintenance Minimal training	Audible and visual alarm.
ICAD Miniature Chemical Agent Detector	Nerve-G Mustard-HD Lewisite-C Cyanide-AC, CK Phosgene-CG	0.2—0.5 mg/m3 10 mg/m3 10 mg/m3 50 mg/m3 25 mg/m3	2 min (30 sec for high levels) 2 min 15 sec	$2,800	8 oz pocket-mounted 4 months service No maintenance Minimal training	Audible and visual alarm; Marines; No radioactivity.
M-90 D1A Chemical Agent Detector	Nerve-G, V Mustard Lewisite Blood Vapor only	0.02 mg/m3 0.2 mg/m3 0.8 mg/m3 N/A	10 sec 10 sec 80 sec	$16,000	15 lb. with battery Radioactive source exempt from licensing. Minimal training	Ion mobility spectroscopy and metal conductivity technology can monitor up to 30 chemicals in parallel. Alarm only.
M-8A1 Alarm Automatic Chemical Agent Alarm	Nerve-GA, GB, GD Nerve-VX Mustard-HD Vapor only	0.2 mg/m3 0.4 mg/m3 10 mg/m3	<=2 min <=2 min <=2 min	$2,555	Vehicle battery operated Maintenance required	Radioactive source (license required); Automatic unattended operation; Remote placement.
MM-1 Mobile Mass Spectrometry Gas Chromatograph	20—30 CWA Vapor	<10 mg/m2 of surface area	<=45 sec	$300,000 military $100,000 civilian	Heater volatizes surface contaminants.	German "Fuchs" (FOX Recon System/Vehicle)
RSCAAL M-21	Nerve-G Mustard-H Lewisite-L Vapor	90 mg/m3 2,300 mg/m3 500 mg/m3		$110,000	Line-of-sight dependent 10 year shelf life 2-person portable tripod	Passive infrared energy detector 3 miles; Visual/audible warning from 400 meters
SAW Mini-CAD	Nerve-GB Nerve-GD Mustard-HD Vapor	1.0 mg/m3 0.12 mg/m3 0.6 mg/m3	1 min 1 min 1 min 1 pound No calibration	$5,500	Minimal training Field use	Alarm only; False alarms from gasoline vapor, glass cleaner.
ACADA (XM22)	Nerve-G Mustard-HD Lewisite Vapor	0.1 mg/m3 2 mg/m3 --	30 sec 30 sec --	$8,000	Vehicle mounted, battery powered Radioactive source (license required) Minimal training	Audible alarm; Bargraph display--low, high, very high.
Field Mini-CAMs	Nerve-G, V Mustard-H Lewisite-L	<0.0001 mg/m3 <0.003 mg/m3 <0.003 mg/m3	<5 min <5 min <5 min	$34,000	Designed for field industry monitoring (10 lb.) 8 hours training 24 hour/7 day operations	Plug-in modules increase versatility; Threshold lower than AEL.
Viking Spectratrak GC/MS	Nerve-G, V Mustard-HD Many others	<0.0001 mg/m3 <0.003 mg/m3	<10 min <10 min	$100,000	Field use, but 85 pounds Needs 120v AC, helium 40 hours training	Lab quality analysis; Library of 62,000 chemical signatures.
HP 6890 GC with flame photometric detector	Nerve-G, V Mustard-HD Many others	<0.0001 mg/m3 <0.0006 mg/m3	<10 min <10 min	$50,000	Not designed for field use Gas, air, 220v AC 40 hours training	State-of-the-art gas chromatograph; Used by CWC treaty lab.

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