Visual Impairments: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits

Annex Table A1 Prevalence Rates of Various Chronic Impairments, Diseases, and Disorders Among Noninstitutionalized Working-Age Civilians (Ages 25 to 61) Pooled Over 1983 Through 1996, by Sample and Gender
	Men				Women
Group	Random Sample^a	Choice-Based Sample^a	Relative Prevalence^b		Random Sample^a	Choice-Based Sample^a	Relative Prevalence^b
Visual impairments........................................	4.89	0.57	0.12	^***	2.38	0.39	0.17	^***
-Blind in both eyes.....................................	0.17	0.10	0.60	^***	0.17	0.08	0.48	^***
-Other visual impairments..........................	4.71	0.47	0.10	^***	2.21	0.31	0.14	^***
Vision-related diseases/disorders................	4.16	0.31	0.08	^***	1.97	0.36	0.18	^***
-Glaucoma...................................................	0.50	0.09	0.17	^***	0.47	0.11	0.24	^***
-Cataracts.....................................................	0.62	0.10	0.16	^***	0.82	0.10	0.12	^***
-Color blindness..........................................	2.68	0.02	0.01	^***	0.27	0.00	0.00	^***
-Other vision-related diseases/disorders^c.	0.48	0.12	0.25	^***	0.51	0.16	0.32	^***
Other impairments
-Hearing impairments..................................	10.75	1.14	0.11	^***	5.94	0.62	0.10	^***
--Deaf in both ears...................................	0.53	0.08	0.15	^***	0.26	0.06	0.24	^***
--Other hearing impairments...................	10.22	1.06	0.10	^***	5.68	0.55	0.10	^***
-Mental retardation.....................................	0.46	0.35	0.76	^***	0.35	0.25	0.71	^***
-Paraplegia, hemiplegia, or quadriplegia...	0.20	0.16	0.81	^*	0.09	0.06	0.66	^**
-Cerebral palsy............................................	0.11	0.07	0.64	^**	0.09	0.06	0.63	^**
Note: Asterisks signify when the difference between the random sample and choice-based sample is statistically significant at the 99 percent (*), 95 percent (), and 90 percent (*) levels. NA refers to groups where sample size is insufficient. ^{a In the NHIS, conditions are determined in two ways. First, participants receive one of six condition lists that ask them if they have a specific condition (see Table 1). Second, participants are asked broad questions to reveal general health and functioning (see Table 2, top panel), if participants reveal they have health or functioning difficulties, they are then asked what conditions cause these difficulties (see Table 2, bottom panel). This method misses those with conditions who have no such difficulties, while his first method captures those with conditions that have no health or functioning difficulties. So only one-sixth of the sample is directly asked about blindness. This one-sixth of the sample is a random sample because being asked about blindness is not dependent one's response to another question. The remaining five-sixths of the sample is choice-based because revealing blindness is dependent one's response (choice) to another question. ^{b The relative prevalence is the prevalence in the random sample divided by the prevalence in the choice-based sample. ^{c The category other includes conjunctivitis, disorders of the lacrimal system, disorders of binocular eye movements, and diseases of the retina. Source: Author's calculations using the National Health Interview Survey, 1983-1996.}}}

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