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TABLE A-8 Employment Rates of Noninstitutionalized Working-Age Civilians (Ages 25 to 61) in the Choice-Based Sample with Various Chronic Impairments, Diseases, and Disorders, Pooled Over 1983-1987 and 1992-1996 and Percentage Changes, by Gender |
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Men |
Women |
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Group |
1983-87 |
1992-96 |
Percentage Changea |
1983-87 |
1992-96 |
Percentage Changea |
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No visual impairments................................... |
88.6 |
87.9 |
-0.79 |
*** |
65.2 |
71.1 |
8.66 |
*** |
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Visual impairments........................................ |
54.5 |
48.5 |
-11.65 |
* |
34.5 |
39.9 |
14.52 |
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-Blind in both eyes..................................... |
34.8 |
27.3 |
-24.15 |
|
19.5 |
27.8 |
35.10 |
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-Other visual impairments.......................... |
58.7 |
53.2 |
-9.83 |
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38.1 |
43.6 |
13.46 |
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Vision-related diseases/disorders................ |
62.7 |
63.3 |
0.95 |
|
41.1 |
48.8 |
17.13 |
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-Glaucoma................................................... |
50.6 |
52.0 |
2.73 |
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33.3 |
40.5 |
19.51 |
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-Cataracts..................................................... |
53.3 |
59.4 |
10.83 |
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33.3 |
34.2 |
2.67 |
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-Color blindness.......................................... |
92.0 |
77.2 |
-17.49 |
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NA |
NA |
NA |
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-Other vision-related diseases/disordersb. |
71.5 |
69.6 |
-2.69 |
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50.1 |
59.8 |
17.65 |
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Other impairments |
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-Hearing impairments.................................. |
65.9 |
65.2 |
-1.07 |
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43.6 |
48.2 |
10.02 |
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--Deaf in both ears................................... |
61.1 |
58.8 |
-3.84 |
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37.6 |
44.4 |
16.59 |
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--Other hearing impairments................... |
66.8 |
66.1 |
-1.05 |
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45.0 |
49.1 |
8.71 |
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-Mental retardation..................................... |
32.9 |
34.3 |
4.17 |
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23.6 |
31.5 |
28.68 |
** |
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-Paraplegia, hemiplegia, or quadriplegia... |
19.1 |
22.7 |
17.22 |
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7.2 |
29.5 |
121.53 |
*** |
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-Cerebral palsy............................................ |
44.2 |
33.8 |
-26.67 |
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35.6 |
27.7 |
-24.96 |
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Note: Asterisks signify when the difference between 1983-1987 and 1992-1996 is statistically significant at the 99 percent (***), 95 percent (**), and 90 percent (*) levels. NA refers to groups where sample size is insufficient.a In the NHIS, conditions are determined in two ways. First, participants receive one of six condition lists that ask them if they have a specific condition (see Table 1). Second, participants are asked broad questions to reveal general health and functioning (see Table 2, top panel), if participants reveal they have health or functioning difficulties, they are then asked what conditions cause these difficulties (see Table 2, bottom panel). This method misses those with conditions who have no such difficulties, while his first method captures those with conditions that have no health or functioning difficulties. So only one-sixth of the sample is directly asked about blindness. This one-sixth of the sample is a random sample because being asked about blindness is not dependent one's response to another question. The remaining five-sixths of the sample is choice-based because revealing blindness is dependent one's response (choice) to another question. a The percentage change is the difference between the two periods divided by the average of the two periods multiplied by 100.b The category other includes conjunctivitis, disorders of the lacrimal system, disorders of binocular eye movements, and diseases of the retina.Source: Author's calculations using the National Health Interview Survey, 1983-1996. |
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