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13io,qraphicat Memoirs
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
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NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Biographical Memoirs
VOLUME 69
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
WASHINGTON, D.C. 1996
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The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by Act of Con-
gress as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation for
the furtherance of science and technology, required to advise the federal
government upon request within its fields of competence. Under its cor-
porate charter the Academy established the National Research Council in
1916, the National Academy of Engineering in 1964, and the Institute of
Medicine in 1970.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER 0-309-05346-3
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER 0077-2933
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 5-2 6629
Available from
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE, N.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20418
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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CONTENTS
PREFACE
KENNETH EWART BOULDING
BY NATHAN KEYFITZ
SOLOMON J. BUCHSBAUM.
BY KENNETH G. MCKAY
ALBERT HEWITT COONS
BY HUGH O. MCDEVITT
WILLIAM FRANCIS GIAUQUE
BY KENNETH S. PITZER AND DAVID A. SHIRLEY
SUSUMU HAGIWARA
BY THEODORE H. BULLOCK AND ALAN D. GRINNELL
BERNHARD HAURWITZ
BY3ULIUS LONDON
JOSEPH PAXSON IDDINGS
BY H. S. YODER, JR.
HERMAN MORITZ KALCKAR
BY EUGENE P. KENNEDY
. .
Vll
3
15
27
39
59
87
115
149
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V1
ISRAEL MICHAEL LERNER
BY R. W. ALLARD
THOMAS SEWARD LOVERING
BY HAL T. MORRIS
NICHOLAS ULRICH MAYALL
BY DONALD E. OSTERBROCK
CONTENTS
EDWIN MATTISON MCMILLAN
BYJ. DAVID JACKSON AND W. K. H. PANOFSKY
HERMANN RAHN
BYJOHN PAPPENHEIMER
TRACY MORTON SONNEBORN
BYJOHN R. PREER, JR.
ALEXANDER SPOEHR
BY DOUGLAS OLIVER
ELIOT STELLAR
BY JAY SCHULKIN
JULIAN HAYNES STEWARD
BY ROBERT A. MANNERS
HARALD ULRIK SVERDRUP
BY WILLIAM A. NIERENBERG
CHAMP B. TANNER
BY WILFORD R. GARDNER
HARLAND GOFF WOOD
BY DAVID A. GOLDTHWAIT AND RICHARD W. HANSON
167
177
189
215
243
269
295
315
325
339
377
395
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PREFACE
On March 3, 1863, Abraham LincoIn signet! the Act of
Incorporation that brought the National Academy of Sci-
ences into being. In accordance with that original charter,
the Academy is a private, honorary organization of scien-
tists, electec! for outstanding contributions to knowlecige,
who can be caller! upon to advise the fecleral government.
As an institution the Academy's goal is to work toward in-
creasing scientific knowlecige en c! to further the use of that
knowlecige for the general goocI.
The Biographical Memoirs, begun in 1877, are a series of
volumes containing the life histories en c! selectee! bibliogra-
phies of cleceasec! members of the Academy. Colleagues
familiar with the cliscipline en c! the subject's work prepare
the essays. These volumes, then, contain a recorc! of the
life en c! work of our most clistinguishec! leaclers in the sci-
ences, as witnesses! en c! interpreter! by their colleagues en c!
peers. They form a biographical history of science in
America an important part of our nation's contribution
to the intellectual heritage of the worIcI.
PETER H. RAVEN
Home Secretary
. .
V11
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