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OCR for page R1
HE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES'
ROLE IN HOMELAND SECURITY
Proceedings of a Workshop
Board on Mathematical Sciences and Their Applications
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
NATIONAL EPOCH CQ0~CIL
OF ME NATIONAL AND - /ES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.eclu
OCR for page R2
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing
Board of the National Research Council, whose members are ctrawn from the councils of
the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the
Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were
chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by the Army (Grant No. DAAD 190210066), the Air Force
(PR# fq8671-0200746), the National Security Agency (Contract MDA904-02-01-0104),
Microsoft Corporation (Award # 2327100), the National Science Foundation (Grant No.
DMS-0215714), and the Navy (Grant No. N00014-02-~-03661. Any opinions, finclings,
conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authoress
and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that proviclect
support for the project.
International Stanciarct Book Number 0-309-0935-0 (POD)
International Stanciarct Book Number 0-309-53149-7 (PDF)
Acictitional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500
Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-
33 ~ 3 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.eclu
Copyright 2004 by the National Acaclemy of Sciences. All rights reservecl.
Printed in the United States of America
COVER lI~I~USTRATIONS: On the left is "circuit earth," a conceptual image of the
earth as being as interconnected as a complex semiconductor circuit. While the
worIc~wicle interconnectivity is indisputable, scientists and engineers are a long way from
being able to map, characterize, and analyze this complex network. That task will require
many new clevelopments in the mathematical sciences. The image on the right is of a
human iris, the patterns of which are sometimes used in biometric security systems.
Realization of the full potential of such biometric technologies also clepencts on future
mathematical cteve~opments. The "circuit earth" illustration is courtesy of PhotoDisc,
Inc.. while the iris image is courtesy of John Daugman, University of Cambridge. Both
images are reprinted with permission.
. .
11
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THE TONAL ACADEMIES
Adder ~ He Notion on Stiinre/ E#~nee~ Time—e
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged
in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the
general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate
that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president
of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of
Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection
of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government.
The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs,
encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is
president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of
eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public.
The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be
an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and
education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad
community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal
government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the
principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in
providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is
administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are
chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www .nat lone l-acade m ies.org
. . .
111
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BOARD ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
PETER J. BICKEL, Chair, University of California, Berkeley
DIMITRIS BERTSIMAS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of
Management
JOHN E. HOPFCROFT, Cornell University
ROBERT E. KASS, Carnegie Mellon University
ARJEN K. LENSTRA, Citibank, N.A.
ROBERT LIPSCHUTZ, Affymetrix, Inc.
CHARLES M. LUCAS, American International Companies
GEORGE C. PAPANICOLAOU, Stanford University
LINDA R. PETZOLD, University of California, Santa Barbara
PRABHAKAR RAGHAVAN, Verity, Inc.
DOUGLAS RAVENEL, University of Rochester
STEPHEN M. ROBINSON, University of Wiscons
Staff
BMSA Workshop Organizers
Scott Weidman, BMSA director
Richard Campbell, program officer
Barbara Wright, administrative assistant
Electronic Report Design
Jennifer S1imowitz, program officer
Sarah Brown, research associate
1V
in-Madison
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This report has been reviewed in ctraft form by inctivicluals chosen for their diverse
perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the
Report Review Committee of the National Research Council (NRC). The purpose of this
inctepenctent review is to provide canctict and critical comments that will assist the
institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the
report meets institutional stanciarcts for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the
study charge. The review comments and ctraft manuscript remain conficlential to protect
the integrity of the cteiiberative process. We wish to thank the following inctivicluais for
their review of this report:
George CaselIa, University of Florida,
David Ferguson, The Boeing Company,
Valen Johnson, University of Michigan, and
Jon Kettenring, Teicorctia Technologies.
Although the reviewers listed above have provident many constructive comments and
suggestions, they were not asked to enclorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor ctict
they see the Lea] ctraft of the report before its release. Responsibility for the Lea] content
of this CD report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
v
OCR for page R6
Preface
On April 26-27, 2002, the Board on Mathematical Sciences and Their
Applications (BMSA) of the National Research Council organized a workshop on
the role of the mathematical sciences in homeland security. The workshop was
developed to illustrate contributions of mathematical sciences research to
important areas of homeland security. The workshop drew over ~ 00 researchers
and focused on five major areas of research: data mining, detection and
epidemiology of bioterrorist attacks, image analysis and voice recognition,
communications and computer security, and data fusion.
The goal of this CD report is to help mathematical scientists and policy
makers understand the connections between lines of research and important
problems of national security. included in this report are video presentations from
most of the speakers at the workshop, as well as transcripts and summaries of
the presentations, and any presentations materials used, such as power point
slides. The presentations represent independent research efforts from academia.
the private sector, and government agencies, and as such they provide a
sampling rather than a complete examination of the interface between the
mathematical sciences and the complex challenge of homeland security.
Each presenter identified numerous avenues of mathematical sciences
research necessary for progress in homeland security. By design, none of the
presentations provides a broad outline connecting the five major areas of
research. However, common threads did emerge, such as the need for non-
parameiric methods, data visualization, understanding verification and validation
of models and simulations, the need to deal with high-dimensiona~ data and
models, and the value of basing actions on sound mathematical analyses.
This proceedings represents the viewpoints of its authors only and should
not be taken as a consensus report of the BMSA or of the National Research
Council. We are grateful to the following individuals who reviewed this report:
George Cascara, University of F~oricla; David Ferguson, The Boeing Company;
Va~en Johnson, University of Michigan; and Jon Kettenring, Te~cordia
Technologies.
Funcling for the workshop, its vicleotaping, and resulting report was
provided by the National Science Foundation, Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency, Microsoft Corporation, Office of Naval Research, Air Force
Office of Scientific Research, and the Army Research Office.
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