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Nutrient Requirements of Cats, Revised Edition, 1986 (1986)
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References Adolph, E. F. 1947. Signs and symptoms of desert dehydration. Pp. 226-240, Chapter 14, in Physiology of Man in the Desert, E. F. Adolph and Associates, eds. New York: Interscience. Ahmad, B. 1931. The fate of carotene after absorption in the animal organism. Biochem. J. 25:1195. Aiken, T. D., L. E. Schnepper, R. M. Forbes, and J. E. Corbin. 1978. The effect of a low-zinc diet on the growth and skin condition in cats. P. 27 in Proc. 112th Annul Meet., Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. Mid- west Sect., Jan. 5-6, 1978. (Abstr. 71) Akrabawi, S. S., M. M. Saegert, and J. P. Salji. 1974. Studies on the growth and changes in metabolism of rats fed on carbohydrate-defi- cient fatty acid-based diets supplemented with graded levels of maize starch. Br. J. Nutr. 32:209. Alberti, K. G. M. M., and C. Cuthbert. 1982. The hydrogen ion in normal metabolism: a review. P. 1019 in Metabolic Acidosis, R. Porter and G. Lawrenson, eds. CIBA Foundation Symp. 87. Lon- don: Pitman. Allen, R. D. 1982. Feedstuffs ingredient analysis table. Feedstuffs 54(30):25. Allison, J. B., S. A. Miller, J. R. McCoy, and M. K. Brush. 1956. Studies on the nutrition of the cat. N. Am. Vet. 37:38. Amyes, S. J. G., P. M. M. Roberts, and P. P. Scott. 197S. The effect of age on the blood and liver folate concentrations of laboratory ani- mals. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 34:25A. Anderson, B. A. 1976. Comprehensive evaluation of fatty acids in foods. VII. Pork products. I. Am. Diet. Assoc. 69:44. Anderson, P. A., D. H. Baker, and S. P. Mistry. 1978. Bioassay deter- mination of the biotin content of corn, barley, sorghum, and wheat. J. Anim. Sci. 47:645. Anderson, P. A., D. H. Baker, and J. E. Corbin. 1979a. Lysine and arginine requirements of the domestic cat. J. Nutr. 109:1368. Anderson, P. A., O. H. Baker, J. E. Corbin, and L. C. Helper. 1979b. Biochemical lesions associated with taurine deficiency in the cat. J. Anim. Sci. 49:1227. Anderson, P. A., D. H. Baker, P. A. Sherry, and J E. Corbin. 1979c. Choline-methionine interrelationship in feline nutrition. J. Anim. Sci. 49:522. Anderson, P. A., D. H. Baker, P. A. Sherry, and J. E. Corbin. 1980a. Histidine, phenylalanine-tyrosine and tryptophan requirements for growth of the young kitten. J. Anim. Sci. 50:479. Anderson, P. A., D. H. Baker, P. A. Sherry, and J. E. Corbin. 1980b. Nitrogen requirement of the kitten. Am. J. Vet. Res.41:1646. Anderson, P. A., D. H. Baker, P. A. Sherry, R. G. Teeter, and J. E. Corbin. 1980c. Threonine, isoleucine, valine and leucine require- ments of the young kitten. J. Anim. Sci. 50:266. Anderson, R. S. 1983. Fluid balance and diet. Pp. 19-25 in Proc. 7th Kal Kan Symp. Ohio State University. Sept. 24-25, 1983. Colum- bus. Anonymous. 1962. Annotations: The feeding and nutrition of cats. J. Small Anim. Pract. 3:19. Bafundo, K. W., D. H. Baker, and P. R. Fitzgerald. 1984a. The iron- zinc interrelationship in the chick as influenced by E'mena acercu- lina infection. J. Nutr. 114: 1306. Bafundo, K. W., D. H. Baker, and P. R. Fitzgerald. 1984b. Ezmena acerculina infection and the zinc-cadmium interrelationship in the chick. Poult. Sci. 63:1828. Bafundo, K. W., D. H. Baker, and P. R. Fitzgerald. 1984c. Lead tox- icity in the chick as affected by excess copper and zinc and by Eime- 7ia aceroul2na infection. Poult. Sci. 63:1594. Baggs, R. B., A. deLaHunta, and D. R. Averill. 1978. Thiamine defi- ciency encephalopathy in a specific-pathogen-free cat colony. Lab. Anim. Sci. 28:323. Baker, D. H., and C. M. Parsons. 198S. Recent Advances in Amino Acid Nutrition. Tokyo, Japan: Ajinomoto Publ. Co. 48 pp. Baker, D. H., J. T. Yen, A. H. Jensen, R. G. Teeter, E. N. Michel, and J. H. Burns. 1976. Niacin activity in niacina~nide and coffee. Nutr. Rep. Int. 14:115. Ballard, F. J. 1965. Glucose utilization in mammalian liver. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 14:437. Bartoshuk, L. M., M. A. Harned, and L. H. Parks. 1971. Taste of water in the cat: effects on sucrose preference. Science 171:699. Bartoshuk, L. M., H. L. Jacobs, T. L. Nichols, L. A. Hoff, and J. J. Ryckman. 1975. Taste rejection of nonnutritive sweetners in cats. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 89:971. Bartsch, R. C., G. D. Imes, Jr., and ]. P. J. Smit. 1975. Vitamin A deficiency in the captive African lion cub, Panthero leo (Linnaeus, 1758). OnderstepoortJ. Vet. Bes. 42:43. Beauchamp, G. K., O. Maller, and J. G. Rogers, Jr. 1977. Flavor preferences in cats (Felis catus and Panthera sp. ). J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 91:1118. Beck, N., and S. K. Webster. 1976. Effects of acute metabolic acidosis on parathyroid hormone action and calcium mobilization. Am. J. Physiol. 230:127. Bedford, P. G. C.. and E. G. C. Clarke. 1972. Experimental benzoic acid poisoning in the cat. Vet. Rec. 90:53. Bedford, P. G. C., and E. G. C. Clarke. 1973. A preliminary study of 69

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70 Nutrient Requirements of Cats the suitability of sorbic acid for use as a preservative in cat food preparations. Vet. Rec. 92:55. Bellhorn, R. W., G. D. Aguirre, and M. B. Bellhorn. 1974. Feline central retinal degeneration. Invest. Ophthalmol. 13:608. Belo, P. S., D. R. Romsos, and G. A. Leveille. 1976. Influence of diet on glucose tolerance, on the rate of glucose utilizat on and on gluco- neogenic enzyme activities in the dog. I. Nutr. 106:1465. Benedict, F. G. 1938. Vital Energetics. Carnegie Institution of Wash- ington Publ. No. 513. Washington, D.C. Bennett, D. 1976. Nutrition and bone disease in the dog and cat. Vet. Rec. 98:313. Berson, E. L., K. C. Hayes, A. R. Rabin, S. Y. Schmidt, and G. Wat- son. 1976. Retinal degeneration in cats fed casein. II. Supplementa- tion with methionine, cysteine or taurine. Invest. Ophthalmol. 15:52. Bieri, I. G., T. J. Tolliver, and G. L. Catignani. 1979. Simultaneous determination of a-tocopherol and retinal in plasma or red cells by HPLC. Am. I. Clin. Nutr. 32:2143. Blaza, S. E., I. H. Burger, D. W. Holme, and P. T. Kendall. 1982. Sulfur-containing amino acid requirements of growing dogs. J. Nutr. 112:2033. Borman, A., T. R. Wood, H. C. Black, E. G. Anderson, M. J. Oesterl- ing, M. Womack, and W. C. Rose. 1946. The role of arginine in growth with some observations on the effects of arginic acid. J . Biol. Chem. 166:585. graham, I. E., A. Villareal, and R. Bressani. 1962. Effect of lime treatment of corn on the availability of niacin for cats. J. Nutr. 76:183. Brambila, S., and F. W. Hill. 1966. Comparison of neutral fat and free fatty acids in high lipid-low carbohydrate diets for the growing chicken. J. Nutr. 88:84. Bridges, I. W., M. R. French, R. L. Smith, and R. T. Williams. 1970. The fate of benzoic acid in various species. Biochem. J. 118:47. Brin, M., and W. A. Vincent. 1965. The diagnosis of thiamine ade- quacy in the dog by use of the erythrocyte enzyme, transketolase. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 147:1649. Brody, S., R. C. Proctor, and U. S. Ashworth. 1934. Growth and de- velopment with special reference to domestic animals. XXXIV. Ba- sal metabolism, endogenous nitrogen, creatinine and neutral sulfur excretions as functions of bodyweight. Univ. Mo. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Bull. No. 221. University of Missouri, Columbia. Brosnan, I. T., and M. E. Brosnan. 1982. Dietary protein, metabolic acidosis, and calcium balance. Adv. Nutr. Res. 4:77. Budde, E. F. 1952. The determination of fat in baked biscuit type of dog foods. J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem. 35:799. Buffington, C. A., Q. R. Rogers, J. G. Morris, and N. E. Cook. 1985. Feline struvite urolithiasis: Magnesium effect depends on urinary pH. Feline Pract. 15:29. Burger, I. H., and K. C. Barnett. 1980. Essentiality of taurine for the cat. Pp. 13-33 m Proc. Kal Kan Symp. Columbus, Ohio, 1979. Burger, I. H., and K. C. Barnett. 1982. The taurine requirement of the adult cat. J. Small Anim. Pract. 23:533. Burger, I. H., S. E. Blaza, P. T. Kendall, and P. M. Smith. 1984. The protein requirement of adult cats for maintenance. Feline Pract. 14:91. Burns, R. A., and J. A. Milner. 1981. Sulfur amino acid requirements of the immature Beagle dog. J. Nutr. 111 :2117. Camien, M. N., L. M. Smith, T. J. Reilly, and D. H. Simmons. 1966. Determinations of total cation-forming mineral elements in feces and urine and its relation to renal "net acid" excretion. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 123:686. Camien, M. N., D. H. Simmons, and H. C. Gonick. 1969. A critical reappraisal of "acid-base" balance. Am. I. Clin. Nutr. 22:786. Carbone, M. G. 1965. Phosphocrystalluria and urethral obstruction in the eat. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 147:1195. Carey, C. J., and J. G. Morris. 1975. Biotin deficiency in the cat. J. Anim. Sci. 41:309. (Abstr. 259) Carey, C. J., and J. G. Morris. 1977. Biotin deficiency in the cat and the effect on hepatic propionyl CoA carboxylase. J. Nutr. 107:330. Carpenter, J. A. 1956. Species differences in taste preferences. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 49:139. Carpenter, T. M. 1944. The effects of sugars on the respiratory ex- change of cats. J. Nutr. 28:315. Carvalho da Silva, A. 1950. The domestic cat as a laboratory animal for experimental nutritional studies. II. Comparative growth and hematology on stock and purified rations. Acta Physiol. Lat. Am. 1:26. Carvalho da Silva, A., R. Fried, and R. C. de Angelis. 1952. The do- mestic cat as a laboratory animal for experimental nutrition studies. III. Niacin requirements and tryptophan metabolism. J. Nutr. 46:399. Carvalho da Silva, A., R. C. de Angelis, M. A. Pontes, and M. F. Mansur Guerios. 1955. The domestic cat as a laboratory animal for experimental nutrition studies. IV. Folic acid deficiency. I. Nutr. 56:199. Carvalho da Silva, A., M. F. Mansur Guerios, and S. R. Monsao. 1959a. The domestic cat as a laboratory animal for experimental nutrition studies. VI. Choline deficiency. J. Nutr. 67:537. Carvalho da Silva, A., A. B. Fajer, R. C. De Angelis, M. A. Pontes, A. M. Giesbrecht, and R. Fried. l9S9b. The domestic cat as a labora- tory animal for experimental nutrition studies. VII. Pyridoxine defi- ciency. J. Nutr. 68:213. Carver, D. S., and H. N. Waterhouse. 1962. The variation in water consumption of cats. Proc. Anim. Care Panel 12:267. Chausow, D. G., and G. L. Czarnecki. 1985. Estimation of the die- tary iron requirement for the weanling kitten. P. 294 in Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. (Abstr.) Chausow, D. G., R. M. Forbes, G. L. Czarnecki, and J. E. Corbin. 1985. Experimentally induced magnesium deficiency in growing kittens. P. 295 in Proc. Am . Soc. Anim. Sci. (Abstr.) Chemical Rubber Company (CRC). 1972. Handbook of Food Addi- tives, 2nd ed, Vol II. Cleveland, Ohio. Clark, L. 1970. The effect of excess vitamin A on longbone growth in kittens. J. Comp. Pathol. 80:625. Clark, L. 1973. Growth rates of epiphyseal plates in normal kittens and in kittens fed excess vitamin A. J. Comp. Pathol. 83:447. Clark, L., A. A. Seawright, and J. Hrdlicka. 1970a. Exostoses in hy- pervitaminotic cats with optimal calcium-phosphorus intakes. J. Small Anim. Pract. 11:553. Clark, L., A. A. Seawright, and R. J. W. Gartner. 1970b. Longbone abnormalities in kittens following vitamin A administration. J. Comp. Pathol. 80:113. Coffin, D. L., and J. Holzworth. 1954. "Yellow fat" in two laboratory cats: acid-fast pigmentation associated with a fish-base ration. Cor- nell Vet. 44:63. Cook, N. E. 1985. The importance of urinary pH in the prevention of Feline Urologic Syndrome. Pet Food Industry, March/April, pp. 24-31 . Cook, N. E., E. Kane, Q. R. Rogers, and J. G. Morris. 1985. Self selection of dietray casein and soy-protein by the cat. Physiol. Be- hav. 34:583. Coop, M. C. 1958. A treatment for osteogenesis imperfecta in kittens. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 132:299. Cordy, D. R. 1954. Experimental production of steatitis (yellow fat disease) in kittens fed a commercial canned cat food and prevention of the condition by vitamin E. 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Nutnent Requirements of Cats 71 Costello, M. J., J. G. Morris, and Q. R. Rogers. 1979. The arginine requirement of the growing cat. Western Section, American Society of Animal Science 30:133. Costello, M. J., J. G. Morris, and Q. R. Rogers. 1980. Effect of dieter arginine level on urinary orotate and citrate excretion in growing kittens. J. Nutr. 110:1204. Cowgill, G. R. 1921. A contribution to the study of the relation be- tween vitamin-B and the nutrition of the dog. Am. J. Physiol. 57:420. Cox, H. E., and D. Pearson. 1962. General methods-fat. Pp. 2~28 in Chemical Analysis of Foods. London: Churchill. Crampton, E. W. 1964. Nutrient-to-calorie ratios in applied nutri- tion. J. Nutr. 82:353. Cullison, R. F., P. D. Menard, and W. B. Buck. 1983. Toxicosis in cats from use of benzyl alcohol in lactated Ringer's solution. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 181:61. Datta, S. P., and H. Harris. 1951. A convenient apparatus for paper chromatography. Results of a survey of urinary amino-acid patterns of some animals. J. Physiol. 114:39P. Deady, J. E., B. Anderson, J. A. O'Donnell, J. G. Morris, and Q. R. Rogers. 1981a. Effects of level of dietary glutamic acid and thiamin on food intake, weight gain, plasma amino acids, and thiamin status of growing kittens. J. Nutr. 111:1568. Deady, J. E., Q. R. Rogers, and J. G. Morris. 1981b. Effect of high dietary glutamic acid on the excretion of 35-S-thiamin in kittens. J. Nutr. 111:1580. De Reuck, A. V. S., and J. Knight. 1965. Colors vision physiology and experimental psychology. CIBA Foundation Symposium:325. Doong, G., C. L. Keen, Q. R. Rogers, J. G. Morris, and R. B. Bucker. 1983. Selected features of copper metabolism in the cat. J. Nutr. 113:1963. Dubois, M., K. A. Gilles, J. K. Hamilton, P. A. Rebers, and F. Smith. 1956. Calorimetric method for determination of sugars and relate-d substances. Anal. Chem. 28:350. Dymsza, H. A., and S. A. Miller. 1964. 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Ex- cess dietary methionine in the kitten: effect on liver metabolism. Fed. Proc. 43:466. (Abstr. 1058) Fiennes, R. N. T. W., and O. Graham-]ones. 1960. Studies of a nutri- tional disease (osteodystrophia fibrosa) of young lions associated with changes in the skeleton and symptoms of muscular weakness. Proc. Zool. Sac. Land. 133:573. Finco, D. R., S. K. Kneller, and W. A. Crowell. 1975. Diseases of the urinary Stem in Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2nd ea., E. I. Cat- cott, ed. Santa Barbara? Calif.: Am. Vet. Pub!., Inc. Fishier, I. 1955. Urolithiasis or urethral impaction in the cat. ]. Arn. Vet. Med. Assoc. 127:121. Frankel, T. L., and J. P. W. Rivers. 1978. The nutritional and meta- bolic impact of ~y-linolenic acid (18:3n6) on cats deprived of mini- mal lipid. Br. J. Nutr. 39:227. · Frings, H. 1951. Sweet taste in the cat and the taste-spectrum. Expe- rientia 7:424. Gaskell, C. J., A. H. Leedale, and S. W. Douglas. 1975. Pansteatitis in the cat: A report of four cases. J. 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72 Nutnent Requirements of Cats Harris, L. E., L. C. Kearl, and P. V. Fonnesbeck. 1981. A Rationale for Hominy Feeds. International Feedstuffs Institute, Utah Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 501, Utah State University, Logan. Hassam, A. G., J. P. W. Rivers, and M. A. Crawford. 1977. The fail- ure of the cat to desaturate linoleic acid; Its nutritional implications. Nutr. Metab. 21:321. Hayes, K. C., A. R. Rabin, and E. L. Berson. 1975a. An ultrastruc- tural study of nutritionally induced and reversed retinal degenera- tion in cats. Am. I. Pathol. 78:505. Hayes, K. C., R. E. Carey, and S. Y. Schmidt. 1975b. Retinal degen- eration associated with taurine deficiency in the cat. Science 188:949. Heath, M. K., J. W. MacQueen, and T. D. Spies. 1940. Feline pel- lagra. Science92:514. Hermus, R. I. J., C. E. West, and E. J. van Weerden. 1983. Failure of dietary-casein-induced acidosis to explain the hypercholesterolemia of casein-fed rabbits. J. Nutr. 113:618. Heusner, A. A. 1985. Body size and energy metabolism. Annul Rev. Nutr. 5:267. Hilditch, T. P. and P. N. Williams. 1964. The Chemical Constitution of Natural Fats. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Hills, A. G. 1973 Acid-base-Balance—Chemistry, Physiology, Pathm physiology. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co. Hills, D. L., J. G. Morris, and Q. R. Rogers. 1982. Potassium require- ment of kittens as affected by dietary protein. J. Nutr. 112:216. Hirakawa, D. A., and D. H. Baker. 1984. Sulfur amino acid nutrition of the growing puppy. P. 3 in Proc. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci., 17th An- nual Meeting, Midwestern Sect., Chicago, Illinois. (Abstr.) Hoffman, H. H. 1953. Report on crude fat in baked dog food. J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem. 36:208. Holme, D. W. 1977. Research into the feline urological syndrome. Pp. 40 45 in Proc. 1st Kal Kan Symp. Ohio State University, Sept. 19- 20, 1977, Columbus. Hudson, B. J. F.1984. Evening primrose (Oenothera spp) oil and seed. J. Assoc. Off. Chem. Soc. 61:540. Humphreys, E. R., and P. P. Scott. 1962. The addition of herring and vegetable oils to the diet of cats. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 21:xviii. Hunt, J. N. 1956. The influence of dietary sulphur on the urinary out- putofacidinman. Clin. Sci. 15:119. Ikeda, M., H. Tsuji, S. Nakamura, A. Ichiyama, Y. Nishizuka, and O. Hayaishi. 1965. Studies on the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. II. A role of picolinic carboxylase in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide from tryptophan in mammals. J. Biol. Chem. 240:1395. Ishii, K., K. Sarai, H. Sanemori, and T. Kawasaki. 1979. Concentra- tions of thiamine and its phosphate esters in rat tissues determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. I. Nutr. Sci. Vi- taminol. 25:517. Jackson, O. Fit. 1968a. Nutritional requirements of cats with special reference to the skeleton. J. S. Afr. Vet. Med. Assoc. 39:18. Jackson, O. F. 1968b. Feline osteodystrophy, its treatment and pre- vention. J. S. Afr. Vet. Med. Assoc. 39:27. Jackson, O. F. 1972. 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Representative terms from entire chapter:

taurine deficiency