• Recommended diet for pregnancy

• Usual weight gain pattern and weight gain recommendations: normal prepregnancy weight, 25 to 35 lb; underweight, 28 to 40 lb; overweight, 15 to 25 lb; obese, at least 15 lb

• Iron supplementation (~30 mg/day) to begin by the 13th week of gestation to prevent anemia

• Appropriate physical activity, e.g., walking, swimming

• Avoidance of harmful substances

• Promotion of breastfeeding; support for the woman regardless of the feeding method chosen

At any stage of gestation

• Assist with access to food

• Treat disorders requiring diet therapy

• Treat anemia: For iron deficiency—60 to 120 mg of elemental iron daily; at a different time, 15 mg of zinc and 2 mg of copper given as part of a vitamin/mineral supplement

• Combat the use of harmful substances

• First trimester

• Consider folate supplementation to help prevent recurrent neural tube defects

• Advise about control of nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy

• Second and third trimesters

• Counsel to improve diet (e.g., increasing dietary intake of calcium) and recommend nutrient supplements as needed—may be addressed earlier if control of nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy is not a problem)

• Promote appropriate weight gain

• Advise about control of heartburn and constipation

• Help plan for eating well if on bed rest

• Treat inverted nipples (third trimester)