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Page xv
Contents Executive Summary
1
1 Introduction
10
Background,
11
Scientific Controversies
12
Organization of this Report
13
References
14
2 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 1988 Risk Assessment for Arsenic
16
Overview of the EPA 1988 Special Report
16
EPA's 1988 Risk Assessment: 10 Years Later
21
Summary
24
References
25
3 Chemistry and Analysis of Arsenic Species in Water and Biological Materials
27
Summary of Arsenic Compounds in Water and Food
27
Relevant Chemical Considerations
30
Analysis of Arsenic Compounds
35
Arsenic in Water
41
Arsenic in Food
46
Arsenic in Urine, Blood, Hair, and Nails
56
Summary and Conclusions
66
Recommendations
68
References
68
4 Health Effects of Arsenic
83
