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Health Outcome: Change (or lack of change) in the health of a defined population related to an intervention, characterized in the following ways:
health status outcome:
change (or lack of) in physical or mental status
social functioning:
change (or lack of) in the ability of an individual to function in society
consumer satisfaction:
response of an individual to services received from health provider or program
Risk Status (intermediate outcome): Change (or lack of) in the risk demonstrated or assumed to be associated with health status.
Process: What is done to, for, with, or by defined individuals or groups as part of the delivery of services, such as performing a test or procedure or offering an educational service.
Capacity: The ability to provide specific services, such as clinical screening and disease surveillance, made possible by the maintenance of the basic infrastructure of the public health system, as well as by specific program resources.
Because of data limitations and differing health and defined population priorities among states, the panel's list of health outcome measures should be considered an important subset, but not an exhaustive listing, of those that will be of interest to state agencies around the country. Few states have adequate data to support every health outcome measure, and virtually all states have major priorities in addition to the ones indicated by these particular measures. Similarly, for process and capacity measures, there are many reasonable strategies that states can pursue to improve health outcomes, and each strategy requires a different set of process and capacity measures. Therefore, the panel offers representative examples of relevant process and capacity measures in each program area.
The potential health outcomes and risk status measures to be used for monitoring purposes are presented in Chapter 3 and described in detail in Appendix C. For each health topic covered, the report includes examples of process and capacity measures that complement the outcome and risk status measures suggested by the panel. Potential measures for chronic disease focus on improvement of health risk status for tobacco use, nutrition, exercise, and clinical screenings. For STDs, HIV infection, and tuberculosis, the potential outcome measures target reporting of incidence and prevalence rates for specific diseases; client satisfaction with
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