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TABLE 2-6 Hunter-Killer Team: Basic Capabilities for a Small- and Medium-Sized Marsupial Network-Centric UGV Team
Function
Basic Capabilities
Mobility
• Operate day and night under all weather conditions
• Operate in all rural and urban terrains
• Swim across slowly flowing rivers and other bodies of water without additional preparation
• Move and perform missions without active human intervention over a round-trip distance of at least 300 km
• Move at variable speeds depending on the situation but up to at least 120 km/h on roads
• Remain in position for at least 30 days without human intervention
Mission packages
• Local and global terrain, vegetation, obstacle sensing
• Highly sophisticated sensors and range finders
• Highly sophisticated ATR that can discriminate among vehicles (combat and commercial) and humans (friend, foe, and noncombatant)
• Sensors able to read detailed terrain, vegetation, obstacle, and other data that can be downloaded upon command to update global databases
• Stealth capabilities that make enemy detection of any UGV very difficult
• Secure local area network allows all UGVs to pass information among themselves
• Secure wide area network allows team to call for backup support and to communicate with base station as well as other networked systems, both manned and unmanned.
Human control
• Program various movement, communications, intelligence, rules of engagement, decision making, and other initial inputs
• Monitor communications from UGV team for programmed reports or situations requiring human guidance
• Override in case of changes in situation
Automated UGV self-control and decision making
• Automatic “intelligent” decision making based on programmed human instructions augmented or modified with real-time UGV sensing of the situation
• Fully automated movement; capable of moving as a team or infiltrating separately
• Killers able to launch hunters to gather intelligence on terrain, vegetation, obstacles, or human activity
• Upon arrival at a mission location all UGVs able to close down all energy dependent systems except for the most energy efficient; capable of “waking up” other systems as the situation warrants
• Only attacks enemy forces that are within its ability to devastatingly destroy; otherwise, follows programmed decision rules
• Understands enemy tactics and reacts to enemy actions with coordinated UGV tactics, as necessary
Other
• Minimum size of one team is 10 medium-sized “killer” UGVs that each internally (in a marsupial fashion) carries up to 5 small hunter/observer ground or aerial UGVs
• Very high level of maintenance reliability; self-diagnosis and repair of maintenance problems
Human support
• Control is by on-duty staff officer at appropriate headquarters
• Maintenance beyond scope of UGV and other programming requirements performed by a small team of humans (no more that 10) to support up to five Hunter-Killer teams (approximately 50 killers and 250 hunters)
Although the committee aligned the Searcher, Donkey, Wingman, and Hunter-Killer examples with the defined TGV, SAP/F, PC-AGV, and NC-AGV capability classes, respectively, many of the example applications could be performed by UGVs in more than one class, depending upon the Army operational requirements. For example, it would be possible to develop a teleoperated Donkey or a platform-centric Donkey providing more or less operational potential than the semiautonomous preceder/follower Donkey. It would also be possible to develop an autonomous Searcher with cooperative robot capabilities.