THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this workshop summary was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the summary were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by an agreement between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number 0-309-08706-6
Additional copies of this summary are available from the
National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624–6242 or (202) 334–3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu
Copyright 2003 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M.Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A.Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V.Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M.Alberts and Dr. Wm. A.Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
COMMITTEE ON COMMUNICATING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH INFORMATION TO SPANISH-SPEAKING WORKERS
SUSAN C.SCRIMSHAW, Chair,
University of Illinois at Chicago
ROBIN BAKER,
University of California, Berkeley
JAMES PLATNER,
Center to Protect Workers’ Rights, Silver Spring, Maryland
LARRY SHAW-SALAZAR,
IHI Environmental, Phoenix, Arizona
NRC Staff
TAMARA L.DICKINSON, Senior Program Officer,
Board on Earth Sciences and Resources
TANJA PILZAK, Research Assistant,
Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources
KAREN L.IMHOF, Senior Project Assistant,
Board on Earth Sciences and Resources
COMMITTEE ON EARTH RESOURCES
SUSAN M.LANDON, Chair,
Thomasson Partner Associates, Denver, Colorado
JAMES C.COBB,
Kentucky Geological Survey, Lexington
VICKI COWART,
Colorado Geological Survey, Denver
MURRAY W.HITZMAN,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden
JAMES M.McELFISH, JR.,
Environmental Law Institute, Washington, D.C.
JOHN MURPHY,
University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
DIANNE R.NIELSON,
Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Salt Lake City
THOMAS J.O’NEIL,
Cleveland-Cliffs, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio
DONALD PAUL,
ChevronTexaco, San Francisco, California
RUSSELL STANDS-OVER-BULL,
Arrow Creek Resources, Pryor, Montana
R.BRUCE TIPPIN,
North Carolina State University, Asheville
MILTON H.WARD,
Ward Resources, Inc., Tucson, Arizona
LAWRENCE P.WILDING,
Texas A&M University, College Station
PHILLIP MICHAEL WRIGHT,
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho Falls
NRC Staff
TAMARA L.DICKINSON, Senior Program Officer,
Board on Earth Sciences and Resources
KERI H.MOORE, Program Officer,
Board on Earth Sciences and Resources
KAREN IMHOF, Senior Project Assistant,
Board on Earth Sciences and Resources
BOARD ON EARTH SCIENCES AND RESOURCES
RAYMOND JEANLOZ, Chair,
University of California, Berkeley
JILL BANFIELD,
University of California, Berkeley
STEVEN R.BOHLEN,
Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Washington, D.C.
VICKI COWART,
Colorado Geological Survey, Denver
DAVID L.DILCHER,
University of Florida, Gainesville
ADAM M.DZIEWONSKI,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
WILLIAM L.GRAF,
Arizona State University, Tempe
RHEA GRAHAM,
New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission, Albuquerque
GEORGE M.HORNBERGER,
University of Virginia, Charlottesville
DIANNE R.NIELSON,
Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Salt Lake City
MARK SCHAEFER,
NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia
BILLIE L.TURNER II,
Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts
THOMAS J.WILBANKS,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee
NRC Staff
ANTHONY R.DE SOUZA, Director
TAMARA L.DICKINSON, Senior Program Officer
DAVID A.FEARY, Senior Program Officer
ANNE M.LINN, Senior Program Officer
PAUL M.CUTLER, Program Officer
KRISTEN L.KRAPF, Program Officer
KERI H.MOORE, Program Officer
LISA M.VANDEMARK, Program Officer
YVONNE P.FORSBERGH, Research Assistant
MONICA R.LIPSCOMB, Research Assistant
EILEEN M.McTAGUE, Research Assistant
VERNA J.BOWEN, Administrative Associate
JENNIFER T.ESTEP, Administrative Associate
RADHIKA S.CHARI, Senior Project Assistant
KAREN L.IMHOF, Senior Project Assistant
SHANNON L.RUDDY, Senior Project Assistant
TERESIA K.WILMORE, Project Assistant
WINFIELD SWANSON, Editorial Consultant
Acknowledgments
This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published summary as sound as possible and to ensure that the summary meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this summary:
Edward Kissam, Aquirre International
Raja Ramani, Pennsylvania State University
Jackie Nowell, United Food and Commercial Workers International Union
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the summary before its release. The review of this summary was overseen by Dr. Eula Bingham, University of Cincinnati, Ohio. Appointed by the National Research Council, she was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this summary rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.