member of the NRC’s Committee on Law and Justice and the IOM’s Committee on the Federal Regulation of Methadone and its Panel on Assessing the Scientific Base for Reducing Tobacco-Related Harm. He testifies frequently before Congress and has addressed senior policy audiences in many countries, including Australia, Chile, Colombia and Great Britain. He has served as a consultant to numerous organizations in this country and abroad. He has a Ph.D. in economics from Yale.

RICHARD ROSENFELD is professor of criminology and criminal justice at the University of Missouri, St. Louis. His research areas are violence and social organization, crime statistics, and crime control policy. He has written extensively on the social sources of criminal violence, youth homicide, and violent crime trends. His current research investigates the role of networks in sustaining violence and the impact of incarceration on homicide rates. He is executive counselor of the American Society of Criminology. In 1994, he received the Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Teaching from the University of Missouri, St. Louis. He has a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Oregon (1984).

JOEL WALDFOGEL is a business and public policy faculty member at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and a faculty research fellow of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Prior to arriving at Wharton in 1997, he served on the faculty of the Yale University Economics Department. His research interests span law and economics and industrial organization. Within law and economics, he has conducted research on criminal sentencing, labor markets for ex-offenders, civil litigation, and the measurement of discrimination. Within industrial economics, he has conducted empirical studies of price advertising, media markets and minorities, and the operation of differentiated product markets. He has a Ph.D. in economics from Stanford University (1990).

JAMES Q. WILSON is the James A. Collins professor of management and public policy (emeritus) at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is also the Ronald Reagan professor of public policy at Pepperdine University. Previously, he was a professor of government at Harvard University. He is the author or co-author of 14 books, has edited or contributed to books on urban problems, government regulation of business, and the prevention of delinquency among children, and has published many articles. He has served on several NRC committees, including the Committee on Law and Justice, the Panel on Research on Criminal Careers, and the Committee on Data and Research for Policy on Illegal Drugs. He has a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago (1959).