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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. efficacy studies, 91–92, 98, 103–104, 120 ethical issues in prescribing, 184 expectation effects in, 117–118 framework for medical decision making, 213–215 goals of CAM healing, 171–172 information needs for clinicians, 101–102 instruction in CAM based on, 230 insurance providers’ concerns, 102 levels of evidence for, 94–98, 103, 124–127 measurement error, 92 NIH consensus statements, 141–143 observational studies, 113 patient perceptions, 38, 51, 197–198, 199–200 placebo effects in, 110, 117–118 predictive modeling, 86–87 prescription drug regulation, 76–77 qualitative research, 119 quality of research, 143–146 recommendations for research, 5–6, 124–127, 279 research challenges, 2–3 research designs, 79–83, 111–120 sources of consumer information, 103 standards of evidence for, ix–x, 2, 99–103, 124–125, 184, 230 systematic reviews of research, 129–130 technical and conceptual development of research on, 74–76 therapeutic relationship factors, 109–110, 126 training of practitioners in, 100–101 See also Cost-effectiveness of CAM; Outcomes research Efficacy studies, 91–92, 98, 103–104, 120 outcomes measurement, 110 patterns of use, 48 access to research participation, 179 commitment to public welfare, 169 conceptual basis, 168–171 definition and scope of CAM, 174 duty of nonabandonment, 184–185 evidence of therapeutic efficacy required for prescribing, 184–185 informed consent issues, 177–178 in integration of CAM and conventional medicine, 179–183 issues of concern, 168 legal issues and, 183–192 nonmaleficence in, 169 in prescribing CAM therapies, 181–182 professional codes and guidelines, 179–180, 187 public accountability and, 171–173 recognition of medical pluralism, 169–171, 184–185 in research, 174–179 respect for patient autonomy, 169 sociocultural context, 192 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 262 Evidence-based practice, 2, 11, 77–79, 85–86 commitment to medical pluralism and, 184–185 conceptual development, 77–78, 85–86 in development of CAM practice guidelines, 246–247 goals, 78 status of CAM research, 145 Evidence-Based Practice Centers, 29, 267 Expectation effects, 84 CAM research challenges, 110 informed consent for research and, 177–178 research design for, 3, 117–118 F Fatigue disorders, 133 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 77, 269, 270 Federation of Practice Based Networks, 156 Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States, 7, 22, 187, 203 Fitness center model of integrative medicine, 217 Folic acid, 261 Food and Drug Administration, 20, 77 dietary supplement regulation, 4, 256, 257, 258, 260–261, 263, 266, 270–271 Framington Heart Study, 154 France, 265
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