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Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

Index

A

Access to services, 21, 250, 253

see also Cost factors;

Environmental constraints;

Health insurance;

Socioeconomic status

ethical issues, 247

mammography, 126, 139, 140, 143, 144, 146, 151, 152

race/ethnicity, 21, 140

transportation services, 126, 139, 140, 143, 146

Accidents, 107, 188

motor vehicle safety, 78-79, 84, 92-93, 185

race/ethnicity, 20, 168-169

Adolescents and youth, 61-62

see also School-based programs

authority, resistance to, 97

campaigns, 78-81, 86, 87-88, 96, 97, 102

drug abuse, 84, 87, 102-103, 106

segmentation, 86-88, 89

smoking, 76-77, 80-81, 86-87, 95, 96, 102, 105, 110, 112, 115-116

teenage pregnancy, 78-79, 84, 101, 103

computer games, xiii, 204, 208, 217

diabetes, 155, 158, 163

Internet, 217, 220

smoking, theoretical perspectives, 30, 49, 58, 59

Advertising, xii, 10, 56, 59, 63, 64, 97, 112-113, 265

tobacco companies, 96

African Americans, 18, 19, 20, 21, 68, 89

campaigns, 76-77, 96-97, 108, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 125

cultural competency, 239

definitional issues, 227, 228, 269

diabetes, 158-159, 161, 165, 166-168, 169, 171

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 207-208

Internet access and use, 194, 195, 196, 197, 207-208

mammography, 119, 120, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 136, 137-138, 147, 188, 256

prostate cancer, 188

smoking, 188

tailored print communications (TPCs), 188

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

Age factors, 12, 13, 16, 19, 41, 45, 69, 255

see also Adolescents and youth;

Elderly persons

campaigns, 78-81, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 117, 123, 126

diabetes, 80-81, 103, 155-160 (passim), 171

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 205, 208-209

Internet access and use, 194

mammography, 80-81, 108, 123, 126, 130-138 (passim), 141, 145, 146, 147

race/ethnicity, 21, 47, 103, 158, 159

Agency, see Personal agency

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 231

AIDS, see HIV/AIDS

Alaskan Natives, 80-81, 94, 103, 116, 119, 131

definitional issues, 228

diabetes, 161, 162, 171

Alcohol use and abuse, 20

campaigns, 84

diabetes, 165

American Cancer Society, 132

American Indians, see Native Americans

Anthropology, xi, xiii, 2, 13, 167, 228, 233, 234, 238, 250, 270, 271

Asians/Pacific Islanders, 17, 18, 21, 68

campaigns, 78-81, 104-105

definitional issues, 227, 228, 234

diabetes, 80-81, 159, 162, 166, 167, 169, 171, 174

Internet access and use, 194, 195, 196

mammography, 129, 131, 137, 138-139

renal disease, 162

Association of American Indian Physicians, 174

Association of Asian Pacific Community Health Organizations, 174

Attitudes and beliefs, xii, 13, 22-23, 52, 61, 98, 213, 254, 265

see also Cultural factors, general;

Depression;

Personal agency;

Religious factors;

Stigma

blaming the victim, 66, 169, 226, 239, 243, 247

channels of communication, 58, 96-99, 104-106

cost of health care, 34, 71, 74

diabetes, 155-156, 157, 158, 163-169, 172-175, 176-178

ethical issues, 247, 248-249

fear, use of in messages, 52, 74-75

Health Belief Model, 31, 70-71, 142, 183

immediate learning, 61-62

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 205, 208, 209-210

Internet access and use, 195, 198, 203-204

mammography, 29, 37-39, 46, 134, 135-137, 141

tailored print communications (TPCs), 187

technology, 192-193, 195

telephone contacts, 190

theoretical perspectives, 29-54 (passim), 70-75

Audience segmentation, 5, 7, 23, 41, 46-47, 55, 77, 85-99, 106, 121-122, 256, 257, 260, 264, 268

diabetes, 175-176

epidemiological data, 85-86, 90, 92-93

ethical issues, 244-245, 249

mammography, 145

Automobile safety, see Motor vehicle safety

B

Back to Sleep Campaign, 78-79, 94, 95, 110, 118-119

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 117-118, 153

Behavioral theories, see Theory

Beliefs, see Attitudes and beliefs;

Religious factors

Best Start Loving Support Campaign, 78-79, 104, 108

Billboards, see Posters and billboards

Black persons, see African Americans

Blood pressure, see Hypertension

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

Body size and weight, 17, 43

see also Diet

birth weight, 160

diabetes, 159, 160-161, 163, 165, 166-167, 171-172, 173-174, 178, 229

tailored print communications (TPCs), 185

Breast cancer, see Mammography

Breastfeeding, 78-79, 104

Brochures, 56

Buckle Up America, 78-79

C

Campaigns, general, xiii, 3, 6, 10, 12, 13, 22, 23, 24, 26, 44-48 (passim), 57-58, 71, 256, 257, 258, 264-267, 270

see also National campaigns;

specific campaigns and media

adolescents and youth, 78-81, 86, 87-88, 96, 97, 102

drug abuse, 84, 87, 102-103, 106

segmentation, 86-88, 89

smoking, 76-77, 80-81, 86-87, 95, 96, 102, 105, 110, 112, 115-116

teenage pregnancy, 78-79, 84, 101, 103

African Americans, 76-77, 96-97, 108, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 125

age factors, 78-81, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 117, 123, 126

Asians/Pacific Islanders, 78-81, 104-105

audience segmentation, 5, 7, 23, 41, 46-47, 55, 77, 85-96

cancer, 78-81, 84

mammography, 77, 80-81, 84, 106, 108, 119-120, 123-126, 140-151, 153

community influences, 100, 107, 144, 146, 175

cost factors, 77, 82, 84, 97, 98, 101, 108, 113, 114, 122

cultural factors, general, 100, 103, 106, 174-175, 279

depression, 78-79, 93

elderly persons, 80-81, 108

exemplars, 76-126

face-to-face contacts, 82, 125, 140, 149

family factors, 97, 100, 107, 112

funding, 84, 94-95, 125, 126

gender factors, 77, 78-81, 84, 89, 105, 107, 108, 117-118, 122, 171

teenage pregnancy, 78-79, 84, 101, 103

geographic factors, general, 104-105, 116

Hispanics, 78-81, 96-97, 104, 108, 116, 118, 120, 124-125

historical perspectives, 83-84, 116-117, 120, 123-126

income, personal, 78-81, 105

legislation, 91, 94, 100, 115, 123, 125

mass media, 80-81, 98-99, 100, 101, 104, 113, 125-126, 141, 175;

see also specific media

Native Americans, 78-79, 94, 103, 112, 116

outcome measures, 82, 92, 93, 101, 110-112, 113, 114, 115-120

peers and friends (norms), 83, 99-100, 107, 140;

see also Role models

political issues, 91-92, 99-100, 107, 123, 125

privately sponsored, 76, 78-79, 222

religious factors, 100, 104, 107

sexual behavior, 78-79, 84, 101, 103

smoking, 76-77, 80-81, 86-87, 95, 96, 102, 105, 110, 112, 115-116

state-level, 76, 80-81, 95, 100, 102, 105, 110, 111, 115-116

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 78-79, 94, 95, 110, 118-119

television, 82, 87, 96, 119, 175, 178

time factors, 8, 110-111, 115-120

urban areas, 80-81, 105, 119, 142

Canada, 91

Cancer, 2, 13, 19-21

campaigns, 78-81, 84

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

cervical cancer, 141, 186

colonoscopy, 44

gender factors, 19, 38, 43, 141, 183, 186, 188;

see also Mammography

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 209

Internet access and use, 201, 219-220

prostate cancer, 38, 43, 183, 186, 188

Cardiovascular disease

see also Cerebrovascular disease

hypertension, 116-117, 162, 167, 173

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 210

national campaigns, 80-81, 95-96, 110, 116-118, 170-171

race/ethnicity, 19, 20, 117, 162, 167

Caribbean immigrants, 17

Case studies, 5, 123-126, 262

Celebrities, see Role models

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1, 110, 125, 126

Best Start Loving Support Campaign, 78-79, 104, 108

Guide to Community Preventive Services, 151, 153, 250-252, 267

Loving Support Campaign, 108

National Diabetes Education Program, 174-175

racial/ethnic definitions, 231

Cerebrovascular disease

see also Cardiovascular disease

National High Blood Pressure Education Program, 80-81, 95-96, 110, 116-118

race/ethnicity, 19

Cervical cancer, 141, 186

Children

see also Adolescents and youth

birth weight, 160

diabetes, 161

infants

breastfeeding, 78-79, 104

national campaigns, 78-79, 80-81, 93, 94, 95, 104, 110, 118-119

sudden infant death syndrome, 78-79, 94, 95, 110, 118-119

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 208, 210

Internet access and use, 217

tailored print communications (TPCs), 192

telephone contacts, 190, 192

Children’s Partnership, 202-203

Child Safety Seat Distribution Program, 78-79

Cigarette smoking, see Smoking

Colonoscopy, 44

Comic books, 56

COMMIT Program, 91

Common Sense Model, 73-75

Communication technology, see Campaigns, general;

Mass media;

Technology

Community influences, xii, xiii, 9, 21, 24, 57, 250, 251, 252

see also Cultural factors, general

campaigns, 100, 107, 144, 146, 175

diabetes, 165-166, 169, 175

Internet access and use, 199-200, 214, 215, 216, 218

mammography, 137, 138, 144, 146, 152

media advocacy, 64-65

tailored print communications (TPCs)/ telephone contacts, 192

Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (CHESS), 206-208

Computer technology, 8, 10, 140, 180, 181, 196, 199, 217, 218

see also Interactive Health Communication (IHC);

Internet

cost factors, 195, 203

digital divide, 22, 193, 194, 202-203, 212, 214

disabled persons, 195

games, xiii, 204, 208, 217

tailored print communications (TPCs), 181

telephone systems, 189, 191, 192;

see also Internet

wireless communication, 180, 205, 213, 214, 215-217, 268

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

Confidentiality, see Privacy

Cost factors, xi, 1, 11, 219, 253

see also Funding;

Health insurance;

Income, personal

attitudes and beliefs about, 34, 71, 74

campaigns, 77, 82, 84, 97, 98, 101, 108, 113, 114, 122

diabetes, xi-xii, 162, 166

diet, food costs, 44, 166, 247

ethical issues, 5, 246, 263

Internet access and use, 195, 203, 215-216

mammography, 143, 147

mass media, 59, 84, 108

telephone contacts, 190, 191

theoretical perspectives, 44

Cultural factors, general, xiii, 1-2, 9, 12-15 (passim), 22-26, 221, 222, 245, 250-252, 279

see also Attitudes and beliefs;

Family factors;

Language factors;

Peers and friends;

Political issues;

Race/ethnicity;

Religious factors;

Role models

anthropology, xi, xiii, 2, 13, 167, 228, 233, 234, 238, 250, 270, 271

campaigns, 100, 103, 106, 174-175, 279

competency, cultural, 239-242

definitional issues, 15, 224, 225-226, 231, 232-242, 252-254, 269

diabetes, 156, 160, 161, 162-164, 165, 166-169, 174-175

ethical issues, 245, 248-249, 263

interdisciplinary approaches, 10

Internet access and use, 195

mammography, 130

repetition of messages, 60-61

social diffusion, 61, 62, 64

tailored print communications (TCPs)/telephone-delivered interventions, 181

theoretical perspectives, 31

D

Delayed learning, 61, 62

Demographic factors, general, xiii, 9, 12, 13, 18-21, 46, 92-93, 190, 224-225, 242, 253-254, 264, 269

see also Age factors;

Cultural factors;

Epidemiological data;

Gender factors;

Marital status;

Race/ ethnicity;

Sexual orientation;

Socioeconomic status

Department of Health and Human Services, 214, 222

see also Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Food and Drug Administration, 125

Depression

campaigns, 78-79, 93

diabetes, 164-165, 168-169

Depression Awareness, Recognition, and Treatment Program, 78-79, 93

Diabetes, xiv, 6, 26, 154-178, 256

adolescents and youth, 155, 158, 163

African Americans, 158-159, 161, 165, 166-168, 169, 171

age factors, 80-81, 103, 155-160 (passim), 171

elderly persons, 80-81, 155, 158, 168, 172-173, 174

Alaskan Natives, 161, 162, 171

Asians/Pacific Islanders, 80-81, 159, 162, 166, 167, 169, 171, 174

attitudes and beliefs, 155-156, 157, 158, 163-169, 172-175, 176-178

audience segmentation, 175-176

biology and prevalence, 157-161

body size and weight, 159, 160-161, 163, 165, 166-167, 171-172, 173-174, 178, 229

community influences, 165-166, 169, 175

cost factors, xi-xii, 162, 166

cultural factors, general, 156, 160, 161, 162-164, 165, 166-169, 174-175

depression related to, 164-165, 168-169

diagnosis, 156, 158, 160, 162, 176

diet, xii, 156, 160, 161, 165-167, 171-172, 173-174, 175, 177, 178, 229

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

344 INDEX

drug treatment, xii, 170-171, 172, 173, 177

elderly persons, 80-81, 155, 158, 168, 172-173, 174

exercise, xii, 161, 164, 167-168, 171-172, 173-174, 175

family factors, 155, 156, 164, 169, 170

foot care, 80-81, 156, 162, 170-171, 172

gender factors, 158, 159, 160, 167-168, 171

genetic factors, 157, 158, 160, 161, 228-229

geographic factors, general, 156, 159

health insurance, 164

Hispanics, 80-81, 159, 161, 162, 166, 167, 168-169, 171, 174

income, personal, 158, 168

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 208, 210

marital status, 158

national campaigns, 80-81, 103, 174-175

Native Americans, 160, 161, 162, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 174, 229

peers and friends (norms), 155, 156, 163, 164, 170, 256

personal agency/self-efficacy, 163, 164, 168-169, 173-174, 176, 177

physicians, 170, 174

primary prevention, general, 154, 156, 157, 160, 164, 169, 171-175, 176, 177

race/ethnicity, 19, 20, 80-81, 103, 155, 158-164 (passim), 166-169, 174-175, 228-229

renal disease, 162

secondary prevention, general, xii, xiv, 3, 155-156, 165, 167, 168, 169-175

television, 175, 178

Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group, 170

Diabetes Prevention Program, 171

Diagnosis and screening

see also Mammography

campaigns, 84

cervical cancer, 141

colonoscopy, 44

diabetes, 156, 158, 160, 162, 176

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 210

prostate cancer, 38, 43, 183, 186, 188

Diet

see also Alcohol use and abuse;

Body size and weight

cost of healthy foods, 44, 166, 247

diabetes, xii, 156, 160, 161, 165-167, 171-172, 173-174, 175, 177, 178, 229

Hispanics, 47

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 208-209

malnutrition, 19

national campaigns, 78-79, 93, 94, 103

tailored print communications (TPCs), 183, 185

Diffusion of innovations, 214

see also Internet;

Technology

digital divide, general, 22, 193, 194, 202-203, 212, 214

theory of, 28, 67-68

Disabled persons, Internet access and use, 195, 198

Discrimination

elderly persons/women/youth, 16

HIV-infected persons, 101

racial, 225, 230, 231, 237-239, 254

Drug abuse, 59-60, 61-62

national campaigns, 80-81, 84, 87, 94, 102-103

Drug treatment, diabetes, xii, 170-171, 172, 173, 177

E

Economic factors, 11, 99, 250

see also Cost factors;

Employment;

Funding;

Health insurance;

Income, personal;

Socioeconomic status

advertising sector, xii

mammography, 130

physicians use of e-mail, 211

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

Education, see Professional education;

School-based programs

Educational attainment, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 45

cultural competency, 239

diabetes, 158

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 209

Internet access and use, 194

literacy, 17, 79, 81, 203, 216-217, 248

mammography, 80-81, 133-134, 138, 142

national campaigns, 78-81

Elderly persons, 18, 253

campaigns, 80-81, 108

diabetes, 80-81, 155, 158, 168, 172-173, 174

exercise, 168

Internet access and use, 194

mammography, 46, 131, 132-134, 136, 138, 142, 147

tailored print communications (TPCs), 185

E-mail, 105-106, 180, 194, 198, 200-202, 210-211

Employment, xiii

campaigns, 100

occupational status, 16, 21, 250

Environmental constraints, 4, 9, 16, 29, 31-32, 36, 41-42, 43-44, 99, 226

see also Access to services;

Family factors;

Geographic factors;

Peers and friends;

Socioeconomic status

communications technologies, 179-180, 181

diabetes, 163, 168

digital divide, 22, 193, 194, 202-203, 212, 214

ethical issues, 247

exercise, 168, 172

mammography, 134, 139-140, 145, 147

Environmental risk factors, 21, 99, 247, 250, 251

occupational status, 16, 21, 250

Epidemiological data, 44, 224, 250, 253

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 117-118, 153

breast cancer, 129, 130-131, 135-136, 153

campaigns, 77, 101

audience segmentation, 85-86, 90, 92-93

definitional issues, 231-232

diabetes, 157

National Health Interview Survey, 116, 135-136, 153

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 21, 131

Ethical issues, xiv, 3, 5-6, 23-24, 243-249, 256, 262-264

attitudes and beliefs, 247, 248-249

blaming the victim, 66, 169, 226, 239, 243, 247

audience segmentation, 244-245, 249

campaigns, 91, 122

cost factors, 5, 246, 263

cultural factors, 245, 248-249, 263

Internet access and use, 198

privacy, 198, 203, 214-215, 218-219, 223

Ethnicity, see Race/ethnicity

Europe, 110, 212, 229

Evaluation, see Monitoring and evaluation

Exercise

diabetes, xii, 161, 164, 167-168, 171-172, 173-174, 175

Hispanics, 167, 168

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 209

tailored print communications (TPCs), 183, 185

Expertise, 55, 56, 106-107, 122

see also Health care professionals;

Role models

Exposure, 99, 113-114

see also Time factors

repetition, 60-61

F

Face-to-face contacts, 9, 56, 57, 58, 180, 268

see also Health care professionals

campaign exemplars, 82, 125, 140, 149

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

diabetes, 178

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 210, 268

mammography, 140, 145, 146, 149, 152, 207-208

time factors, 196

Family factors, 1, 55

see also Genetic factors

campaigns, 97, 100, 107, 112

diabetes, 155, 156, 164, 169, 170

Internet access and use, 194, 199-200

mammography, 46, 137, 138-139

tailored print communications (TPCs), 185, 192

telephone contacts, 192

Fear, use of, 52, 74-75

Federal government, 1, 14, 100, 123, 226-232

see also Funding;

Legislation;

National campaigns;

Regulatory issues, legal;

specific departments and agencies

interagency coordination, 10

Internet access and use, 195

Office of Management and Budget, 227-228, 231-232, 267

Feet Can Last a Lifetime, 80-81

Females, see Gender factors

Field testing, 7, 259

Folic Acid (March of Dimes) campaign, 78-79, 93, 95, 103

Food and Drug Administration, 125

Food and nutrition, see Diet

Friends, see Peers and friends

Funding, 221-222, 259, 261-262, 267, 271

see also Cost factors

campaigns, 84, 94-95, 125, 126

definitional issues, 14-15

mammography, 140

mass media, 59

National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, 84, 94-95

smoking prevention, state funding, 95

G

Gay persons, see Sexual orientation

Gender factors, xiii, 12, 13, 16-17, 21, 45, 69, 255, 269

see also Mammography;

Sexual behavior

breastfeeding, 78-79, 104

campaigns, 77, 78-81, 84, 89, 105, 107, 108, 117-118, 122, 171

teenage pregnancy, 78-79, 84, 101, 103

cancer, general, 19-21

cervical cancer, 141, 186

cultural competency, 239

diabetes, 158, 159, 160, 167-168, 171

dieting, 41

exercise, 168

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 207-209

Internet access and use, 202, 207-208

prostate cancer, 38, 43, 183, 186, 188

race/ethnicity, 19, 20, 21, 117, 159, 166, 167-168, 171

mammography, 80-81, 119-142 (passim), 147, 151, 152

sexual orientation, xiii, 13, 17, 46, 69, 101, 113, 239

smoking, 116

tailored print communications (TPCs), 183, 186, 189

theoretical perspectives, 41

Generalized learning, 61, 62

Genetic factors

diabetes, 157, 158, 160, 161, 228-229

race/ethnicity, 22, 228-230

screening, 38

tailored print communications (TPCs), 186, 188

Geographic factors, 64, 235

see also Community influences;

Rural areas;

Urban areas

campaigns, 104-105, 116

diabetes, 156, 159

mammography, 130, 136

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

race/ethnicity, 104-105

telephone coverage, 179-180

Guide to Community Preventive Services, 151, 153, 250-252, 267

H

Handicapped persons, see Disabled persons

Harvard Center Risk Index, 216

Health Belief Model, 31, 70-71, 142, 183

Health care professionals, 55, 82, 83, 99, 101, 117-118, 237

see also Diagnosis and screening;

Physicians;

Professional education

cultural competency, 239-242

fear amongst patients, 52

mammography, 119, 126, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 142, 145, 146, 151-152

Health insurance, 19

diabetes, 164

mammography, 123, 125, 134, 140

race/ethnicity, 21

Healthy People 2010, 12, 93

Heart disease, see Cardiovascular disease

Hepatitis, xii

Hispanics, 17, 19, 108

campaigns, 78-81, 96-97, 104, 108, 116, 118, 120, 124-125

definitional issues, 227, 228, 234

diabetes, 80-81, 159, 161, 162, 166, 167, 168-169, 171, 174

exercise, 167, 168

Internet access and use, 194, 195, 196

mammography, 80-81, 120, 124-125, 127, 131, 133, 136, 137, 139-140

smoking, 188

socioeconomic status, 18, 140

tailored print communications (TPCs), 188

telephone contacts, 190

Historical perspectives, 23, 46, 254, 270

campaigns, 83-84, 116-117, 120, 123-126

communications applications and technologies, 179-180

diabetes, 157

Internet, 193-194, 197

mammography, 120, 123-126, 127-129, 131, 135, 141-145

vaccines, xii

HIV/AIDS, xii, 84, 101, 110

Homosexuality, see Sexual orientation

Human Genome Project, 229

Humor, use of, 52

Hypertension, 116-117, 162, 167, 173

I

Immediate learning, 61-62

Immigrants, 17

see also Language factors;

specific immigrant groups

mammography, 133, 137

Income, personal, 16, 19

campaigns, 78-81, 105

diabetes, 158, 168

exercise, 168

hypertension, 167

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 207-208

Internet access and use, 22, 193, 194, 195, 196, 216-217

mammography, 80-81, 133, 137-138, 140, 142, 146, 147, 148, 207-208

race/ethnicity, 18, 140

tailored print communications (TPCs), 189

telephone coverage, 179

Indian Americans, see Native Americans

Infants

breastfeeding, 78-79, 104

national campaigns, 78-79, 80-81, 93, 94, 95, 104, 110, 118-119

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) , 78-79, 94, 95, 110, 118-119

Influenza, national campaigns, 39-41, 80-81

Infrastructure, 10, 271-272

see also Technology

campaigns, 82-83

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

interdisciplinary approaches, xi, xiii, 2, 10, 13, 24, 167, 228, 233, 234, 238, 250, 270, 271-272

Initiative to Eliminate Health Disparities, 93

Innovations, see Diffusion of innovations

Institute of Medicine, 1, 2, 11-12

Institutional diffusion, 61, 63, 64, 100, 101, 113-114

see also Mass media;

Religious factors;

School-based programs

cultural competency, 240

diabetes, 174

mammography, 146, 152

Insurance, see Health insurance

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 204-213, 217, 218-221, 222

see also Internet;

Telephone

African Americans, 207-208

age factors, 205, 208-209

attitudes and beliefs, 205, 208, 209-210

children, 208, 210

diabetes, 208, 210

personal agency/self-efficacy, 205, 210, 219

race/ethnicity, 205, 207-208, 209

videos, 205, 215, 219-220

Interdisciplinary approaches, xi, xiii, 2, 10, 13, 24, 167, 228, 233, 234, 238, 250, 270, 271-272

International perspectives

Canada, 91

Internet access and use, 203, 212

mammography, 132, 146

International perspectives, campaigns

AIDS, 110

diabetes, 170-171

segmentation, 91, 104

vaccinations, 110

Internet, xii, 57, 58, 105-106, 109, 180, 193-221, 223, 231, 268

adolescents and youth, 217, 220

African Americans, 194, 195, 196, 197, 207-208

age factors, general, 194

Asians/Pacific Islanders, 194, 195, 196

attitudes and beliefs, 195, 198, 203-204

community influences, 199-200, 214, 215, 216, 218

cost of access, 195, 203, 215-216

diabetes, 174

digital divide, 22, 193, 194, 202-203, 212, 214

disabled persons, 195, 198

e-mail, 105-106, 180, 194, 198, 200-202, 210-211

family factors, 194, 199-200

Hispanics, 194, 195, 196

historical perspectives, 193-194, 197

income, personal, and access, 22, 193, 194, 195, 196, 216-217

language factors, 198, 203, 216-217

mammography, 151

Native Americans, 194, 216-227

peers and friends, 199-200, 204

physicians, 180, 196, 200-202, 204, 210-211

race/ethnicity, 194, 195, 196, 202

regulation of, 195, 214-215, 220

tailored print communications (TCPs)/telephone-delivered interventions, 181

wireless communication, 180, 205, 213, 214, 215-217, 268

Internet Healthcare Coalition, 223

Interpersonal communication, see Face-to-face contacts;

Telephone

Interviews, see Face-to-face contacts

K

Kidney disease, see Renal disease

L

Language factors, 17, 107-108, 109

see also Hispanics

cultural competency, 240

definitional issues, race/ethnicity, 227, 232, 233

diabetes, 160

Internet, 198, 203, 216-217

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

literacy, 17, 79, 81, 203, 216-217, 248

mammography, 138, 139, 151

newspapers, 104-105

tailored print communications (TCPs)/telephone-delivered interventions, 181

telephone contacts, 191

Lasswell, Harold, 46

Latinos, see Hispanics

Legacy Foundation, 95

Legal issues, see Ethical issues;

Legislation;

Regulatory issues;

Standards

Legislation

campaigns, 91, 94, 100, 115, 123, 125

Mammography Quality Standards Act , 125

media advocacy, 66

Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education Act, 12

Paperwork Reduction Act, 267

teenage smoking, 115

Treasury-Postal Appropriations Act, 94

Literacy, 17, 79, 81, 203, 216-217, 248

Loving Support Campaign, 108

M

Mail, see Postal campaigns

Males, see Gender factors

Mammography, 12, 127-153, 256, 257, 259

access to services, general, 126, 139, 140, 143, 144, 146, 151, 152

African Americans, 119, 120, 125, 127, 129, 131, 133, 136, 137-138, 147, 188, 256

age factors, 80-81, 108, 123, 126, 130-138 (passim), 141, 145, 146, 147

elderly persons, 46, 131, 132-134, 136, 138, 142, 147

Asians/Pacific Islanders, 129, 131, 137, 138-139

attitudes and beliefs, 29, 37-39, 46, 134, 135-137, 141

audience segmentation, 145

campaigns, 77, 80-81, 84, 106, 108, 119-120, 123-126, 140-151, 153

committee study at hand, methodology, xiv, 3, 26

community influences, 137, 138, 144, 146, 152

cost factors, 143, 147

educational attainment, 80-81, 133-134, 138, 142

elderly persons, 46, 131, 132-134, 136, 138, 142, 147

environmental constraints, general, 134, 139-140, 145, 147

epidemiological data on breast cancer, 129, 130-131, 135-136, 153

geographic factors, general, 130, 136

health care professionals, 119, 126, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 142, 145, 146, 151-152

health insurance, 123, 125, 134, 140

Hispanics, 80-81, 120, 124-125, 127, 131, 133, 136, 137, 139-140

historical perspectives, 120, 123-126, 127-129, 131, 135, 141-145

immigrants, 133, 137

income, personal, 80-81, 133, 137-138, 140, 142, 146, 147, 148, 207-208

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 140, 145, 146, 149, 152, 207-208

language factors, 138, 139, 151

mass media, 80-81, 125-126, 140, 141, 144

National Cancer Institute, 80-81, 84, 108, 119-120, 124-126, 131, 132, 216

Native Americans, 80-81, 131

outcome measures, 37-38, 119-120, 129-130, 143, 145-151, 191-192

peers and friends (norms), 134, 137, 138-139, 140, 144, 151

physicians, 119, 126, 135, 136, 137, 138, 142, 145

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

postal campaigns, 140, 145, 146, 148, 150

tailored print communications (TPCs), 186, 187-188, 191-192

race/ethnicity, 80-81, 119-142 (passim), 147, 151, 152

regulatory issues, 125

religious factors, 137

rural areas, 80-81, 133, 137-138, 139, 142

socioeconomic status, 80-81, 133, 137-138, 140

educational attainment, 80-81, 133-134, 138, 142

income, personal, 80-81, 133, 137-138, 140, 142, 146, 147, 148, 207-208

standards, 125, 153

telephone contacts, 140, 145, 150, 191-192

theoretical perspectives, 29, 37-39, 43, 150, 152, 153

transportation services, 126, 139, 140, 143, 146

urban areas, 80-81, 119, 139, 142

Mammography Quality Standards Act, 125

March of Dimes, 78-79, 103

Markle Foundation, 222

Mass media, 8-9, 22-23, 56-67, 214, 217, 218, 221, 234, 265-266

see also Advertising;

Internet;

National campaigns;

Print media

age factors, 41

campaigns, 80-81, 98-99, 100, 101, 104, 113, 125-126, 141, 175

committee study at hand, methodology, xii, xiv, 2, 3-4, 26-27

cost factors, 59, 84, 108

diabetes, 169-170, 178

mammography, 80-81, 125-126, 140, 141, 144

media advocacy, 28, 64-67, 100

music, 54, 56-57, 63

newsletters, 56, 182, 188

newspapers, 56, 57, 59, 104-105, 108, 175, 265

radio, 57, 82, 104-105, 119, 175, 180, 216

tailored print communications (TCPs), 8, 105(n.1), 181, 182-189, 191-193, 206, 213

telephone contacts, 188, 190, 191-193

television, 218

campaigns, 82, 87, 96, 119, 175, 178

diabetes, 175, 178

theoretical perspectives, 56, 57-58, 61, 63

Measles, xii

Media, see Mass media

Men, see Gender factors

Mental health, 2, 13

see also Alcohol use and abuse;

Attitudes and beliefs;

Depression;

Drug abuse;

Personal agency;

Psychology

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 208-209

Internet access and use among mentally ill, 195

Milk Matters campaign, 78-79

Minority groups, see Race/ethnicity;

specific groups

Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education Act, 12

Mobile communication, see Wireless communication

Monitoring and evaluation, 84, 122, 123, 258-259, 267

see also Outcome measures;

Secondary analysis of evidence

process variables, 110, 112-115

Moral issues, see Ethical issues

Motivation, see Attitudes and beliefs;

Personal agency

Motor vehicle safety, 84

national campaigns, 78-79, 92-93

tailored print communications (TPCs), 185

Multidisciplinary approaches, see Interdisciplinary approaches

Music, 54, 56-57, 63

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

N

National Air Bag and Seat Belt Safety campaign, 78-79, 92-93

National Ambulatory Index, 116

National Anti-Drug Media Campaign, 94-95

National Asian Women’s Health Organization, 174

National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, 80-81

National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 78-79, 103, 107

National campaigns, 27, 76, 78-81, 92-120 (passim), 123-126, 174-175, 272

Back to Sleep Campaign, 78-79, 94, 95, 110, 118-119

Best Start Loving Support Campaign, 78-79, 104, 108

Buckle Up America, 78-79

cardiovascular disease, 80-81, 95-96, 110, 116-118, 170-171

Depression Awareness, Recognition, and Treatment Program, 78-79, 93

diabetes, 80-81, 103, 174-175

diet, 78-79, 93, 94, 103

educational attainment, 78-81

Folic Acid (March of Dimes) campaign, 78-79, 93, 95, 103

influenza, 39-41, 80-81

Loving Support Campaign, 108

motor vehicle safety, 78-79, 92-93

National Air Bag and Seat Belt Safety campaign, 78-79, 92-93

National Anti-Drug Media Campaign, 94-95

National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, 80-81

National Cholesterol Education Program, 110

National Diabetes Education Program, 80-81, 103, 174

National Eye Health Education Program, 80-81

National 5 A Day Campaign, 78, 93

National High Blood Pressure Education Program, 80-81, 95-96, 110, 116-118

National Safe Kids Campaign, 78-79, 107

National Truth Campaign, 80-81, 95, 96, 108, 115-116

National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, 84, 87, 102-103, 106, 108

National Cancer Institute, 21, 80-81, 221-222

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 207, 216

mammography, 80-81, 84, 108, 119-120, 124-126, 131, 132, 216

National Cholesterol Education Program, 110

National Council of La Raza, 174

National Diabetes Education Program, 80-81, 103, 174

National Eye Health Education Program, 80-81

National 5 A Day Campaign, 78, 93

National Health Interview Survey, 116, 135-136, 153

National High Blood Pressure Education Program, 80-81, 95-96, 110, 116-118

National Hispanic Council on Aging, 174

National Infant Sleep Position Study, 118

National Institute for Child Health and Development, 118-119

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 174

National Institutes of Health, 1, 221-222, 259, 263, 267

National Library of Medicine, 197

National Medical Association, 125

National Safe Kids Campaign, 78-79, 107

National Truth Campaign, 80-81, 95, 96, 108, 115-116

National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, 84, 87, 102-103, 106, 108

Native Americans, 21, 242

see also Alaskan Natives

campaigns, 78-79, 94, 103, 112, 116

definitional issues, 228, 230-231

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

diabetes, 160, 161, 162, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 174, 229

Internet access and use, 194, 216-227

mammography, 80-81, 131

Networking for Health, 197

Newsletters, 56, 182, 188

see also Tailored print communications (TCPs)

Newspapers, 56, 57, 59, 104-105, 108, 175, 265

Norms, see Peers and friends

Nutrition, see Diet

O

Obesity, see Body size and weight

Occupations, see Employment

Office of Management and Budget, 227-228, 231-232, 267

Older persons, see Elderly persons

Once A Year for A Life Time, 80-81, 84, 108, 119-120

Organizational requirements, see Infrastructure;

Institutional diffusion;

Interdisciplinary approaches

Outcome measures, 1, 13, 54, 71, 213, 258, 259, 264

campaigns, 82, 92, 93, 101, 110-112, 113, 114, 115-120

definitional issues, 226, 239, 249, 251, 255, 269

diabetes, 177

dieting, 41

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 209-210

Internet access and use, 196-197

mammography, 37-38, 119-120, 129-130, 143, 145-151, 191-192

social discrimination, 237-239

socioeconomic status, 15-16

tailored print communications (TPCs), 183-189, 191-193, 213

telephone interventions, 189-193, 191-193

theory, 4, 37-38, 39-40

time factors, 110-111, 115-120, 190

Outreach workers, see Face-to-face contacts

P

Pacific Islanders, see Asians/Pacific Islanders

Paperwork Reduction Act, 267

Pap smears, 141, 185

Peers and friends, 251, 252, 254

see also Role models;

Stigma

“buzz”, 60

campaigns, 83, 99-100, 107, 140

diabetes, 155, 156, 163, 164, 170, 256

Internet, 199-200, 204

mammography, 134, 137, 138-139, 140, 144, 151

social diffusion, 61, 62

theoretical perspectives, 30, 33-39 (passim), 45, 47, 54, 55, 60, 61, 62, 70, 73, 217

Personal agency, 33, 35, 36-45 (passim), 60, 71, 73, 265, 269

see also Depression

campaigns, 83

communications technology, 180-181

cultural competency, 240

diabetes, 163, 164, 168-169, 173-174, 176, 177

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 205, 210, 219

self-regulation models, 73-75

tailored print communications (TPCs), 187

Person-to-person contacts, see E-mail;

Face-to-face contacts;

Telephone

Philippines, 110

Physical activity, see Exercise

Physicians, 3, 93, 117, 238

diabetes, 170, 174

e-mail, 180, 200-201, 210-211

mammography, 119, 126, 135, 136, 137, 138, 142, 145

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 210-211

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

Internet, 180, 196, 200-202, 204, 210-211

tailored print communications (TPCs), 187

telephone contacts, 179

Political issues, 9, 11, 64, 225, 226, 251, 252

campaigns, 91-92, 99-100, 107, 123, 125

media advocacy, 65-67

race/ethnicity, 230-231

Postal campaigns, 56, 79, 182

see also Tailored print communications (TCPs)

mammography, 140, 145, 146, 148, 150

newsletters, 56, 182, 188

Posters and billboards, 56, 105

Poverty, see Income, personal;

Socioeconomic status

Primary prevention, general, 3, 250, 251, 252

see also Alcohol use and abuse;

Campaigns;

Diagnosis and screening;

Diet;

Exercise;

Mammography;

Smoking

diabetes, 154, 156, 157, 160, 164, 169, 171-175, 176, 177

tailored print communications (TPCs), 183

Print media, 8, 54, 105(n.1), 108, 124, 178, 180, 181, 190

see also Newsletters;

Newspapers;

Postal campaigns;

Posters and billboards;

Tailored print communications (TCPs)

Internet, 198, 200

Privacy, 198, 203, 214-215, 218-219, 223

Process variables, 110, 112-115

Production values, 54, 108-109

Professional education, 10, 119, 151

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 211

theory, 261

Professionals, health care, see Health care professionals

Prostate cancer, 38, 43

tailored print communications (TPCs), 183, 186, 188

Psychology, 2, 4, 13, 221, 250

see also Attitudes and beliefs;

Cultural factors;

Depression;

Mental health;

Personal agency

Public Education Fund, 95

R

Race/ethnicity, xiii, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19-21, 45, 69, 255

see also Immigrants;

Language factors;

specific groups

access to services, general, 21, 140

accidents, 20, 168-169

age factors, 21, 47, 103, 158, 159

campaigns, 78-81, 89, 96-97, 103, 107, 108, 117, 118, 119-120, 122, 123, 124-125, 174-175

cardiovascular disease, 19, 20, 117, 162, 167

cultural competency of providers, 239-242

definitional issues, 14, 224, 225-234, 237-239, 252-253, 259, 269

diabetes, 19, 20, 80-81, 103, 155, 158-164 (passim), 166-169, 174-175, 228-229

discrimination, 225, 230, 231, 237-239, 254

gender, 19, 20, 21, 117, 159, 166, 167-168, 171

genetic factors, 22, 228-230

geographic factors, 104-105

health insurance, 21

income, personal, 18, 140

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 205, 207-208, 209

Internet access and use, 194, 195, 196, 202

mammography, 80-81, 119-142 (passim), 147, 151, 152

sickle-cell anemia, 229-230

smoking, 116

socioeconomic status, 16, 18, 140

tailored print communications (TPCs), 187-189

technology, attitudes toward, 192-193

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

Radio, 57, 82, 104-105, 119, 175, 180, 216

Regulatory issues, legal, 83, 91, 123, 244, 259

see also Standards

Food and Drug Administration, 125

Internet, 195, 214-215, 220

mammography, 125

Religious factors, 1-2, 13, 55-56, 216

campaigns, 100, 104, 107

diabetes, 169

mammography, 137

Renal disease, 162

Role models, 54, 55-56, 100, 101, 102-103, 107, 109, 124, 125, 266

diffusion of innovation, 68

media advocacy, 65

racial/ethnic factors, 97

Rural areas

campaigns, 80-81, 142

Internet access and use, 203

mammography, 80-81, 133, 137-138, 139, 142

telephone coverage, 179-180

S

School-based programs, xiii, 58, 59-60

Screening, see Diagnosis and screening

Secondary analysis of evidence, 7, 110-120, 258

see also Outcome measures

Secondary prevention, 3, 99

see also Diet;

Drug treatment;

Exercise

breast cancer, 3

diabetes, xii, xiv, 3, 155-156, 165, 167, 168, 169-175

Segmentation, see Audience segmentation

Self-efficacy, see Personal agency

Sex differences, see Gender factors

Sexual behavior, 11, 17

campaigns, 78-79, 84, 101, 103

condom use, 52

ethical issues, 247

teenage pregnancy, 78-79, 84, 101, 103

Sexual orientation, xiii, 13, 17, 69, 101, 113

cultural competency, 239

mammography, 46

Sickle-cell anemia, 229-230

Smoking, xii, 220

campaigns, 76-77, 80-81, 86-87, 95, 96, 102, 105, 110, 112, 115-116

diabetes, xii, 161

tailored print communications (TPCs), 183, 184, 187, 188, 192

telephone contacts, 190, 192

theoretical perspectives, 30, 49, 58, 59

Social Cognitive Theory, 31, 71-72, 183

Social Learning Theory, 142

Social diffusion, 61, 62, 64

Socialization, see Family factors;

Peers and friends

Socioeconomic status, xiii, 12, 15-16, 19, 255

see also Educational attainment;

Employment;

Income, personal

cultural competency, 239

definitional issues, 225, 226, 239, 269

digital divide, 22, 193, 194, 202-203, 212, 214

ethical issues, 247

Hispanics, 18, 140

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 209

mammography, 80-81, 133, 137-138, 140

national campaigns, 78-81, 119

race/ethnicity, 16, 18, 140

Songs, see Music

Spanish-speaking persons, see Hispanics

Sports and athletics, 112

after-school programs, 59-60

Stage models, 52-54, 142

Standards

see also Regulatory issues

communication applications and technologies, 217

Internet, 220

language, standard English, 17, 108

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

mammography, 125, 153

racial/ethnic definitions, 227-228

smoking cessation, 188

State-level campaigns, 76, 80-81, 95, 100, 102, 105, 110, 111, 115-116

Stigma, 23, 39, 101, 160

blaming the victim, 66, 169, 226, 239, 243, 247

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 205

Internet access and use, 198

Substance abuse, see Drug abuse

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 78-79, 94, 95, 110, 118-119

Suicide, 20

Surgeon General, 107

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 21, 131

T

Tailored print communications (TCPs), 8, 105(n.1), 181, 182-189, 206, 213

diet, 183, 185

family factors, 185, 192

gender factors, 183, 186, 189

outcome measures, 183-189, 191-193, 213

prostate cancer, 183, 186, 188

smoking, 183, 184, 187, 188, 192

telephone contacts, 188, 191-193

Technology, 8-9, 179-223, 256, 268

see also Computer technology;

Interactive Health Communication (IHC);

Internet;

Mass media;

Postal campaigns ;

Print media;

Telephone;

Videos

attitudes regarding, 192-193, 195

privacy, 198, 203, 214-215, 219

Telephone, 8-9, 56, 58, 105, 179-180, 181, 182, 188, 189-193, 206, 210, 235, 265, 268

see also Internet

children, 190, 192

cost factors, 190, 191

diabetes, 175, 210

mammography, 140, 145, 150, 191-192

mass media, 188, 190, 191-193

outcome measures, 189-193, 191-193

tailored print communications (TPCs) , 188, 191-193

wireless communication, 180, 205, 213, 214, 215-217, 268

Television, 218

campaigns, 82, 87, 96, 119, 175, 178

diabetes, 175, 178

theoretical perspectives, 56, 57-58, 61, 63

Theory, 4-5, 11, 28-75, 217, 256, 260-262

attitudes and beliefs, 29-54 (passim), 70-75

audience segmentation, 98

committee study at hand, methodology, xiv, xv, 2, 3, 13, 14, 24, 25, 224

diabetes, 163, 176

Internet, 199

mammography, 29, 37-39, 43, 150, 152, 153

outcome measures, 4, 37-38, 39-40

peers and friends (norms), 30, 33-39 (passim), 45, 47, 54, 55, 60, 61, 62, 70, 73, 217

smoking, 30, 49, 58, 59

tailored print communications (TPCs), 183, 187, 213

television, 56, 57-58, 61, 63

time factors, 43, 60, 61-62, 69, 74, 75

Theory of Planned Behavior, 72

Theory of Reasoned Action, 31, 72

Time factors, 12, 63, 74, 265

campaigns, general, 8, 110-111, 115-120

definition of groups, 252

delayed learning, 61, 62

diabetes, 155-156, 177-178

exercise, 172

exposure, general, 60, 61, 69

face-to-face encounters, 196

immediate learning, 61-62

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 206

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
×

Internet, 196, 198

maintenance of healthy behaviors, 53

mammography, xiv, 43, 143

outcome measures, 110-111, 115-120, 190

telephone interventions, 190

theoretical perspectives, 43, 60, 61-62, 69, 74, 75

Tobacco use, see Smoking

Transportation services

mammography, 126, 139, 140, 143, 146

Treasury-Postal Appropriations Act, 94

U

United Kingdom, 170-171

Urban areas

campaigns, 80-81, 105, 119, 142

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 207-208

mammography, 80-81, 119, 139, 142

measles, xii

Urban League of Nebraska, 174

V

Vaccines

hepatitis, xii

historical perspectives, xii

HIV/AIDS, xii

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 209-210

international perspectives, campaigns, 110

national campaigns, 80-81

outcome expectancy, 39-41

telephone contacts, 190

Videos, 56, 180, 197, 200, 207, 208

see also Internet

Interactive Health Communication (IHC), 205, 215, 219-220

Visual perception, 57

Internet access and use, 203

national campaigns for eye health, 80-81

production values, 54, 108

W

Weight, see Body size and weight

Wireless communication, 180, 205, 213, 214, 215, 217, 268

Women, see Gender factors

Work-based programs, see Employment

World Wide Web, see Internet

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10018.
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Page 356
Speaking of Health: Assessing Health Communication Strategies for Diverse Populations Get This Book
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We are what we eat. That old expression seems particularly poignant every time we have our blood drawn for a routine physical to check our cholesterol levels. And, it's not just what we eat that affects our health. Whole ranges of behaviors ultimately make a difference in how we feel and how we maintain our health. Lifestyle choices have enormous impact on our health and well being. But, how do we communicate the language of good health so that it is uniformly received-and accepted-by people from different cultures and backgrounds?

Take, for example, the case of a 66 year old Latina. She has been told by her doctor that she should have a mammogram. But her sense of fatalism tells her that it is better not to know if anything is wrong. To know that something is wrong will cause her distress and this may well lead to even more health problems. Before she leaves her doctor's office she has decided not to have a mammogram-that is until her doctor points out that having a mammogram is a way to take care of herself so that she can continue to take care of her family. In this way, the decision to have a mammogram feels like a positive step.

Public health communicators and health professionals face dilemmas like this every day. Speaking of Health looks at the challenges of delivering important messages to different audiences. Using case studies in the areas of diabetes, mammography, and mass communication campaigns, it examines the ways in which messages must be adapted to the unique informational needs of their audiences if they are to have any real impact.

Speaking of Health looks at basic theories of communication and behavior change and focuses on where they apply and where they don't. By suggesting creative strategies and guidelines for speaking to diverse audiences now and in the future, the Institute of Medicine seeks to take health communication into the 21st century. In an age where we are inundated by multiple messages every day, this book will be a critical tool for all who are interested in communicating with diverse communities about health issues.

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