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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
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Index

A

Accountability, 16, 230–231, 253

Across Ages program, 150

Add Health, see National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health

Administrative data, 229–230, 232, 233– 234, 236–240, 262–263, 312

geographic factors, 234, 261–262, 312

local government, 226, 232, 234–240

vital statistics, 229, 230, 232, 233, 261–262, 312

Adolescent Decision Making: Implications for Prevention Programs: Summary of a Workshop, 335

Adolescent Development and the Biology of Puberty: Summary of a Workshop on New Research, 335–336

Adolescent Transitions Project, 150, 168

Adventure programs, 179

African Americans, see Black persons

Afterschool Alliance, 271

After-School Corporation, 288–289

After-school programs, 19–21, 30–38, 46, 56, 127, 143, 250, 336

funding, 20, 36, 267, 268, 271, 273, 274, 280, 282, 283–284, 285, 288–289

meta-analyses of prevention program evaluations, 153, 163, 165

Save the Children, 126

After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop, 336

Age factors, 48–50, 64–65, 302, 316, 317, 318

alcohol and drug abuse, 48

comprehensive evaluations, 220

criminal and antisocial behavior, 48

cultural ceremonies, 126, 144–145

dropouts, 48

efficacy and mattering, 134

length of adolescence, 2, 22

mentors, older adolescents as, 50, 64

meta-analyses of mental health programs, 150–165, 174

model program evaluations, 186, 188

monitoring/structure, age-appropriate, 9, 90, 93, 94, 117, 130, 301

peers, 47, 49, 50, 54, 60, 102–103

puberty onset, 52–55

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

scope of study at hand, 34, 38, 46

sexual activity, 48, 163

smoking, 238

social indicator data, general, 201

staffing of programs, 131

unstructured/unsupervised activity, 30

Aggressive behavior, see Violence

AIDS/HIV, 2, 27, 192

Alcohol and drug abuse, 2, 23, 35, 65, 83

belongingness, 97, 155

communication and social skills, 50, 111

historical perspectives, 25, 27

meta-analyses of prevention program evaluations, 151, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 165, 173, 177, 193

model program evaluations, 188

norms, 112, 160

parental involvement in programs, 110–111

physical activity and, 109

survey data, 236–240, 241, 242–243, 244, 245, 249, 262

unstructured/unsupervised time and, 29, 30

American Indians, 79, 97, 105–106, 128, 144, 272, 280

America’s Promise, 279

Americorps, 273

Annie E.Casey Foundation, 289

Anthropology, see Ethnographic/ anthropological approaches

Artistic endeavors, 20, 121, 127, 135, 237, 240, 241, 283–284, 286, 303

dance, 121, 124, 133, 136, 303

music, 23, 107, 127, 133, 135, 237, 241, 303

Aspen Roundtable on Comprehensive Community Initiatives, 260

Athletics, see Sports and athletics

Attitudes, 1, 42, 318

see also Belongingness;

Mental health

and illness;

Motivation;

Public

opinion;

Self-esteem

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 150–166 (passim)

misogyny, 33

parental, 166

school transitions, 62–63, 64

staff of programs, 131

B

Belongingness, 8, 9, 32, 43, 59, 81, 90, 96–99, 117, 132–133, 191, 239, 250, 301

see also Peers and friends

alcohol and drug abuse, 97, 155

cultural factors, 97–99, 326–327

experimental studies, 99, 151, 153, 154, 155;

see also “meta-analyses…” below

gangs, 23–24, 29, 32, 33, 45, 55, 59, 82, 89, 91, 130, 239, 250, 275

gender factors, 132

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 151, 153, 154, 155, 158, 161, 162, 164, 165

religious affiliation, 98–99, 132

The Best of Intentions: Unintended Pregnancy and the Well-Being of Children and Families, 336

Bicultural Competence Skills program, 151

Big Brothers/Big Sisters, 12, 95–96, 132, 151, 170–171, 173, 187–189, 190–191, 220, 307

Biological factors, 46, 49, 51–56, 315–316, 321–322, 338

brain development, 56, 316, 338

puberty onset, 46, 51, 53, 54, 55, 316, 335–336

Black persons, 23, 143, 283

belongingness, 98

ceremonial celebrations, 124–145

educational progress, 26

homicide, 27–28

intellectual development, 76

parents, 111–112

psychological and emotional development, 80–81

puberty onset, 53, 54–55

smoking, 27

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

Block grants, 3, 273, 275, 276, 277–278, 279, 280

Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts, 290

Boys and Girls Clubs of America, 76, 107, 124, 274, 275, 290

Brain development, 56, 316, 338

Brainpower Program, 151

Bullying, 5, 9, 152, 170, 173

Bullying Prevention Program, 152, 170, 173

Byrne Formula Grant Program, 275

C

Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development, 22, 107, 125, 128, 289–290

Catholic Charities, 142–143

Center for Youth Development, 263–264

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 279

Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 236–240, 243–244, 252, 262

Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, 288

Charter schools, 285–286

Child abuse and neglect, 188, 238–239, 249, 278, 281, 340–341

Child Care and Development Block Grant, 280

Child care services, 283

Child Development Project, 153

Children at Risk, 276

Children of Immigrants: Health, Adjustment, and Public Assistance, 336–337

Children, Youth, and Families At-Risk Initiative and Evaluation Collaboration Project, 245

Children’s Aid Society, 141

Cognitive factors, 6, 7, 8, 29, 56–58, 65, 91, 107, 108, 135, 300, 321

see also Decision making;

Education

adventure programs, 179

gender, 76, 77–78

meta-analyses of prevention program evaluations, 153, 157, 159, 162, 166, 176, 177, 179

nutrition, 74–75

peer interactions, 59

physical activity and sports and, 109– 110

school transitions, 63, 64

structured supervision, 91

surveys, 236, 244, 246–247, 248

well-being, general, 73, 74, 76–79

Communities That Care, 138–139

Community Change for Youth Development, 140

Community Counts, 123, 124, 131

Community Health Centers, 278

Community Impact!, 123, 125, 130–131, 137, 291

Community Network for Youth Development, 255–256

Community service, see Volunteer programs

Community Services Block Grants, 278

Computer applications, 153, 185, 271

geographic information systems, 247, 263

Internet, 18, 37

Conservation Corps, 274

Contraception and contraceptives, 237

funding for programs, 278–279

historical perspectives, 25, 26–27

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 161, 163

Cooperative Extension Service, 244–245

Coping and Support Training, 153

Coping with Stress Course, 153, 169, 171

Corporation for National and Community Service, 273

Cost factors, see Economic factors;

Funding

Counselor-CARE, 153

Creating Lasting Connections, 154

Crime, 2, 269

see also Alcohol and drug abuse;

Violence

administrative data, 233–234

child abuse and neglect, 188, 238–239, 249, 278, 281, 340–341

funding for anti-crime programs, 13, 275–276, 281

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

gangs, 23–24, 29, 32, 33, 45, 55, 59, 82, 89, 91, 130, 239, 250, 275

homicide, 27–28

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 155, 158, 161, 173

peer influences, 60;

see also “gangs” above

survey data, 237, 238, 239, 249

voluntary structured activities and, 30

Cultural factors, 9, 22, 33, 35, 37, 47, 85, 87, 88, 90, 114, 135, 136, 305, 316, 320, 325–327

see also Ethnographic/anthropological approaches;

Race/ethnicity;

Racism;

Religious/spiritual

factors and programs

belongingness, 97–99, 326–327

ceremonies, 126, 143–145, 325

Community Impact!, 125

comprehensive evaluations, 220

efficacy and mattering, 105–106, 108

intellectual development and, 77

mattering, 105–106, 108

meta-analyses of prevention program evaluations, 151

model program evaluations, 185

multiculturalism, 2, 6, 7, 9, 50, 71, 74, 75, 78–79, 82, 90, 97, 98, 99, 107, 151, 165, 241, 248, 287, 301, 327

bilingual education, 276–277

experimental studies, 99, 151, 153, 154, 155

school curricula, 97, 108, 276–277

norms, 102, 112

organizational, 112

parent-child relations, 61, 96, 111–112

self-efficacy, 105–106, 108

skill building, 106–107

structure, levels of, 93

survey data, 235, 241, 248

well-being, universality vs cultural specificity, 67–68

D

Dance, 121, 124, 133, 136, 303

Data collection, 11–12, 17–18, 83, 124, 228–264, 308, 312–314, 338–339

see also Administrative data;

Experimental studies;

Longitudinal studies;

Methodological issues;

Nonexperimental studies;

Surveys

committee study methodology, 5

recommendations, 11–12, 17–18, 312– 314

social indicator data, 12, 68–69, 75, 82–83, 197–264, 312–314;

see also Longitudinal studies;

Surveys

Decision making, 6, 7, 8, 27, 56–58, 79, 136, 335, 341

civic, 127–128, 250, 287

efficacy and mattering, 105–106, 134

employment planning, 46, 50, 51, 57, 65, 323

family, within, 92, 96

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 163, 164, 177

program design, adolescent participation in, 65, 134–135

well-being, general, 74, 76

Delinquency, see Crime

Demographics, 22, 34

see also Age factors;

Gender factors;

Immigrants;

Race/ethnicity;

Rural areas;

Socioeconomic status;

Urban areas

census data, 233

Demonstration programs, 140, 220, 221, 226, 275–276, 279

theory, 15, 226, 311

Department of Agriculture, 244–245, 274– 275

Department of Education, 13

21st Century Learning Centers, 20, 31, 270–271, 280, 281–282, 287, 288, 295

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

Department of Health and Human Services, 13, 277–279, 281, 293

see also Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Department of Housing and Urban Development, 276

Department of Justice, 13, 275–276

Department of Labor, 277

Youth Opportunity Grants, 272

Depression, 52, 53, 54, 153, 169, 243

suicide, 27, 153, 236, 249

DeWitt Wallace Reader’s Digest Fund, 254–255, 286–287, 289, 294

Diet, see Nutrition

Disabled children, see Special needs children

Dropouts, 25, 26, 30, 236, 299

age factors, 48

Americorps, 273

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 157, 161, 164, 174

Drug abuse, see Alcohol and drug abuse

E

Eating disorders, 52, 53, 54, 236, 244

Economic factors, 2

see also Funding;

Poverty;

Socioeconomic status

ethnographic study costs, 211

evaluation costs, general, 211, 219

experimental evaluation costs, 219

financial incentives, program participants, 116, 185

program costs, 181, 223–225, 252– 253, 268, 269, 289, 290

survey costs, 232, 245, 246, 252

Education, 2, 6, 10, 133, 276–277, 279– 280, 341

see also Cognitive factors;

Mass media;

Mastery;

Schools

compensatory education, 276

comprehensive evaluations, 220

decision making, 46

employment,

adolescents, 2, 6, 48, 51, 65, 74, 82–83, 91, 104–105, 106, 127, 136, 163, 174–175, 185, 192– 193, 269, 273–274, 277–278

school-to-work programs, 3, 23, 49, 273–274, 277

staff of programs, 131, 286–287, 291–292, 293–294, 307;

see also Technical assistance

immigrants, 337

mathematics, 77–78, 157

parental, 3, 150–166 (passim), 168, 173, 193

reading, 29, 127, 135, 282

tutoring, 57, 64, 77, 109, 121, 127, 135

peer, 109, 161, 164, 165, 185

well-being, general, 74

Educational attainment, 25, 26, 49, 107– 108, 236, 299, 339

see also Dropouts

gender factors, 77–78

National Assessment of Educational Progress, 26

puberty onset, age at, 54

staffing of programs, 131

unstructured/unsupervised time and, 29, 30

Efficacy, see Self-efficacy

Emotional factors, 2, 5, 6–7, 8, 9, 38, 79– 81, 91, 94, 113, 117, 236, 248, 301

see also Mattering

decision making, 335

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 150–165 (passim), 172, 176, 179

model program evaluations, 188

puberty onset, 46, 51, 52, 55

self-regulation, 70, 72, 74, 79, 96, 103–104, 150, 151, 154, 159, 168, 169–170, 177, 182, 248

structured supervision, 91–92

theoretical perspectives, 70, 37, 74–75

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

Employment, 127, 341

adolescent development and, 21, 22

occupational safety and health, 339– 340

parental, 1, 33, 133, 283, 297

planning, 46, 50, 51, 57, 65, 323

school-to-work programs, 3, 23, 49, 273–274, 277

skills for,

adolescents, 2, 6, 48, 51, 65, 74, 82–83, 91, 104–105, 106, 127, 136, 163, 174–175, 185, 192– 193, 269, 273–274, 277–278

school-to-work programs, 3, 23, 49, 273–274, 277

staff of programs, 131, 286–287, 291–292, 293–294, 307;

see also Technical assistance

welfare-to-work strategies, 273–274

women, 36–37

ENABL, 154

Erikson, Eric, 47, 57, 70, 315–319

Ethnicity, see Race/ethnicity

Ethnographic/anthropological approaches, 68, 87, 88, 97, 123–124, 206, 210–211, 257, 300, 320, 325– 326

Evaluation, 11–17, 46, 124, 125, 126, 138–139, 147–264, 305–314

see also Data collection;

Experimental studies;

Meta-analyses of program evaluations;

Methodological issues;

Outcome assessment;

Quasi-experimental studies;

Research recommendations;

Theoretical issues

accountability, 16, 230–231, 253

committee study methodology, 4, 5

comprehensive, 12, 14, 15, 16, 67, 76, 81, 85, 120, 128, 149, 181, 199, 206–227, 310–312

diet and cardiovascular health, 76

intermediary organizations, 10, 11, 18, 141–142, 229, 255, 259–261, 294, 295, 304, 313–314

model programs, 181–189, 190, 220, 307

program implementation and operation, 14, 15, 16, 18, 84, 122, 177, 184, 186, 188, 213, 215, 217, 221, 222, 225, 229, 252–261, 309–310

development quality, 253–254

funding for evaluation, 252, 254– 256, 259, 271, 288

process evaluation, 140, 188, 189, 198, 202–203, 206, 208, 209, 210–211, 262–263

psychological and emotional development, 79–80

recommendations, 11, 13–18, 305, 308–312

social indicator data, 12, 68–69, 75, 82–83, 197–264, 312–314;

see also Longitudinal studies;

Surveys

summative evaluations, see Outcome assessment

time-series designs, 214–216, 221

well-being, general, 67–70

youth program participants as evaluators, 135

Exercise, see Physical activity;

Sports and

athletics

Experimental studies, 13, 14–16, 85, 147– 195, 204, 206, 211–213, 214, 216, 219, 220, 221, 227, 305, 309–311

see also Meta-analyses of program evaluations;

Quasi-experimental studies

defined, 205

intellectual development, 78

model program evaluations, 183

multiculturalism and belongingness, 99, 151, 153, 154, 155

social indicator data, 202

well-being, general, 69, 82, 83

Extended Service Schools, 254–255

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

F

Faith-based programs, see Religious/ spiritual factors and programs

Family factors, 1, 3, 8, 10, 31, 72, 87, 193, 289, 339

see also Parents

child abuse and neglect, 188, 238–239, 249, 278, 281, 340–341

guns in homes, 89

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 150–165 (passim)

norms, 103

structured controls within, 92

technical assistance, 292–293

Federal government, 13, 338

see also Funding;

Legislation;

specific departments and agencies

Females, see Gender factors

Finance Project, 284, 285, 287

Firearms, see Guns

Foreign countries, see International perspectives

Forgotten Half, 21

Formative evaluation, see Process evaluation

Foundations, 21, 71

funding, 3, 4, 20, 24, 198, 267–268, 269, 270, 271, 286–289, 294– 295

organizational support, 10, 136–137

4-H program, 274–275

Friendly PEERsuasion, 155

Friends, see Peers and friends

From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children of Immigrant Families, 337

Functional Family Therapy, 155

Funding, 2, 3, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20– 21, 32, 36, 46, 263, 267–296, 309, 313

accountability, 16, 230–231, 253

after-school programs, 20, 36, 267, 268, 271, 273, 274, 280, 282, 283–284, 285, 288–289

block grants, 3, 273, 275, 276, 277– 278, 279, 280

intermediaries, 10, 11, 18, 141–142, 229, 255, 259–261, 294, 295, 304, 313–314

poverty, 268, 272, 276, 279, 280, 281

pregnancy prevention, 274, 278–279

prevention vs promotion programs, 36

private, 3, 4, 10, 11, 13, 18, 20, 223– 224, 254–255, 268–270, 286– 291, 304, 313–314

corporations, 270, 273, 290–291

foundations, 3, 4, 20, 24, 198, 267–268, 269, 270, 271, 286– 289, 294–295

program implementation evaluation and, 252, 254–256, 259, 271, 288

public, 2, 3, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20–21, 37, 139, 223–224, 242, 252, 266–286, 293, 294–296, 298, 304, 306, 313–314

block grants, 3, 273, 275, 276, 278, 279, 280

local government, 20, 268, 280– 286, 294–295, 296, 304

state, 20, 139, 252, 269–270, 274, 278, 279, 280–286, 293, 294– 295, 296

school programs, 276–277, 278, 285– 286, 289

social indicator data and, 198, 206

tobacco, litigation and tax revenues, 282, 285

G

Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs, 277

Gangs, 23–24, 29, 32, 33, 45, 55, 59, 82, 89, 91, 130, 239, 250, 275

Gender factors, 37, 90, 318

see also Pregnancy;

Sexual activity belongingness, 132

comprehensive evaluations, 220

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

educational attainment, 77–78

employment of women, 36–37

intellectual development, 76, 77–78

misogyny, 33

puberty, 46, 51–54, 55, 316, 335–336

sports and athletics, 101–102, 109

suicide, 27

General Accounting Office, 31

Geographic factors

see also Neighborhood factors;

Rural areas;

Urban areas

administrative data, 234, 261–262, 312

geographic information systems, 247, 263

program scope, general, 32

Girls Clubs, see Boys and Girls Clubs of America

Growing Healthy, 156

Growing Up Tobacco Free: Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths , 337–338

Guns, 28, 130, 237, 238, 239, 240, 249

historical perspectives, 25

in home, 89

racial/ethnic factors, 28

in schools, 2, 23–24, 25, 162, 299

H

Handicapped children, see Special needs children

Harvard Family Research Project, 142

Health status, 6, 9, 31, 32, 73–76, 249, 278–280, 335–336

see also Alcohol and drug abuse;

Biological factors;

Mental health and illness;

Nutrition;

Physical activity;

Pregnancy;

Safety and security;

Sexual activity;

Sexually transmitted diseases;

Smoking;

Sports and athletics

administrative data, 233

vital statistics, 229, 230, 232, 233, 261–262, 312

cardiovascular disease, 74, 76

historical perspectives, 26–27

immigrants, 337

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 151, 153, 156, 157, 161

obesity, 2, 27, 74, 75, 115, 299

Healthy People 2010, 230

Hispanics, 23

alcohol abuse, 27

ceremonial celebrations, 144–145

dropouts, 26

homicide, 27–28

psychological and emotional development, 79

smoking, 27

Historical perspectives, 2, 25–31, 115, 128, 138–139, 267

see also Longitudinal studies

adolescent development theory, 21–22, 45, 47, 56, 57, 70, 71

alcohol and drug abuse, 25, 27

foundation funding, 286

previous National Academy reports, 335–341

well-being, general, 2, 25, 70, 71, 72

HIV, see AIDS/HIV

Homicide, 27–28

Homosexuality, 5, 9, 98, 99, 132–133

HOPE VI program, 276

How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition, 338

Human Services Reauthorization Act, 279–280

I

Immigrants, 79, 111, 336–337

see also Hispanics

Improving Intergroup Relations Among Youth: Summary of a Research Workshop, 338

Improving Social Awareness-Social Problem Solving, 156, 170

Individuals With Disabilities Education

Act, 276–277

Institute for Youth Development, 293

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

Integrating Federal Statistics on Children: Report of a Workshop, 338–339

Interdisciplinary research, 309

funding, 17

Intermediary organizations, 10, 11, 18, 141–142, 229, 255, 259–261, 294, 295, 304, 313–314

International perspectives, 125

bullying prevention, 152, 170, 173

discretionary time, 28

puberty, 54

school-to-work programs, 23

Internet, 18, 37

J

Job Corps, 277

Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grants, 275

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Program, 275

K

Kids Learning in Computer Klubhouses, 271

Know Your Body, 156

L

Leadership, 8

Legislation

child labor laws, 339–340

Human Services Reauthorization Act, 279–280

Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, 276–277

Public Health Services Act, 278–279

Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act, 277

Social Security Act, 278

21st Century Learning Centers, 271

Workforce Investment Act, 272–273

Younger Americans Act, 127, 279–280

Life skills, 6, 43, 74, 76, 78, 83, 85, 106, 107–108, 110, 136, 142, 248, 301, 302

employment,

adolescents, 2, 6, 48, 51, 65, 74, 82–83, 91, 104–105, 106, 127, 136, 163, 174–175, 185, 192– 193, 269, 273–274, 277–278

school-to-work programs, 3, 23, 49, 273–274, 277

funding, 274

meta-analyses of programs, 150–165

(passim), 168, 172, 173, 178, 192

model program evaluations, 185

self-regulation, 70, 72, 74, 79, 96, 103–104, 150, 151, 154, 159, 168, 169–170, 177, 182, 248

Life Skills Training program, 157, 173

Local government and organizations, 294

see also Neighborhood factors

administrative data, 226, 232, 234–240

funding, 20, 268, 280–286, 294–295, 296, 304

surveys, 262, 312

Longitudinal studies, 12, 13, 69, 72, 83, 85, 229, 245–246, 300, 305, 306, 339

efficacy and mastery, 105

Monitoring the Future, 246, 248–251

National Assessment of Educational Progress, 26

National Educational Longitudinal

Survey, 246–247, 248–251

National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, 27, 28, 55, 246, 248–251

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 30, 246

parental support, 95

psychological and emotional development, 79, 80, 81

social development, 81

time-series designs, 214–216, 221

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey, 236–240, 243–244, 252, 262

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

Longitudinal Surveys of Children, 339

Losing Generations: Adolescents in High-Risk Settings, 339

Louisiana State Youth Opportunities, 157

M

Mass media, 193

alcohol and drug use portrayed in, 1–2, 23

decision making by adolescents, 335

literacy, 10, 33, 91, 106

social norms, general, 101

television, 28, 31, 101, 236, 244

violence portrayed in, 1–2, 23, 101, 297

Mastery, 104, 108, 302

see also Self-efficacy

motivation, 7, 70, 75, 106

social development, 81

theoretical perspectives, 8, 47, 70

Mathematica Policy Research, 271

Mathematics achievement, 77–78, 157

A Matter of Time, 22, 107, 128

Mattering, 8, 9, 43, 51, 71, 80, 90, 104– 106, 134–135, 192, 241–242, 302

cultural factors, 105–106, 108

Media, see Mass media

Medicaid, 279

Men, see Gender factors

Mental health and illness, 31, 48, 236, 248, 318

see also Alcohol and drug abuse;

Attitudes;

Belongingness;

Emotional factors;

Mattering;

Self-esteem;

Violence

depression, 52, 53, 54, 153, 169, 243

suicide, 27, 153, 236, 249

eating disorders, 52, 53, 54, 236, 244

immigrants, 337

intellectual development and, 76–77

meta-analyses of prevention program evaluations, 148, 149, 150–172, 179

model program evaluations, 182

puberty onset, 46, 53, 52

safety and security, sense of, 1, 7, 9, 43, 70, 89–91, 129–130, 301

well-being, general, 73, 74–75

Mentors, 3, 36, 87, 127, 190–191, 236, 272

Big Brothers/Big Sisters, 12, 95–96, 132, 151, 170–171, 173, 187– 189, 190–191, 220, 307

comprehensive evaluations, 220

meta-analyses of prevention program evaluations, 150, 151, 161, 165

model program evaluations, 186, 187– 189, 190–191

older adolescents as, 50, 64

school transitions, 64

Meta-analyses of program evaluations, 147, 148–181

age factors, 150–165, 174

alcohol and drug abuse, 151, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 165, 173, 177, 193

belongingness, 151, 153, 154, 155, 158, 161, 162, 164, 165

cognitive factors, 153, 157, 159, 162, 166, 176, 177, 179

crime, 155, 158, 161, 173

decision making, 163, 164, 177

dropouts, 157, 161, 164, 174

emotional factors, 150–165 (passim), 172, 176, 179

health status, 151, 153, 156, 157, 161

life skills, 150–165 (passim), 168, 172, 173, 178, 192

mental illness, 148, 149, 150–172, 179

mentors, 150, 151, 161, 165

parents, 150–165 (passim), 168, 173, 174, 193

peers, 154, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 168, 169–170, 177

pregnancy, 148, 154, 164, 174–175

religious affiliation, 154, 176

safety and security, 151, 153, 156, 157, 161, 164, 193–194

school programs, 149–173 (passim), 175, 177, 180, 193

self-efficacy, 151, 155, 160, 161, 164, 176, 177

self-esteem, 153, 163, 164, 179

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

sexual activity, 154, 163, 174–175, 177, 192

smoking, 151, 156, 157, 158, 160

social factors, 150–165 (passim), 170, 172, 174, 176, 179

social norms, 153–165 (passim), 172, 176

teachers, 156, 159, 162, 163, 168–169

time factors, 149–172 (passim), 179, 180

violence, 148, 151, 152, 162, 170, 172–174, 177

volunteer programs, 150, 154, 161, 164

Methodological issues, 12–13, 14, 83–84, 124–126, 338–339, 341

see also Administrative data;

Evaluation;

Interdisciplinary research;

Qualitative evaluations;

Surveys;

Theoretical issues

time-series designs, 214–216, 221

Midwestern Prevention Project, 158, 173, 193

Minority groups, see Race/ethnicity

Monitoring the Future, 246, 248–251

MOST Initiative, 283–284, 286

Motivation, 7, 9, 70, 75, 81–82, 114, 115, 236, 241

mastery, 7, 70, 75, 106

parental support, 95

school discipline, 92

school transitions, 62–63, 64, 322

Move to Opportunity program, 202

Multiculturalism, 2, 6, 7, 9, 50, 71, 74, 75, 78–79, 82, 90, 97, 98, 99, 107, 151, 165, 241, 248, 287, 301, 327

bilingual education, 276–277

experimental studies, 99, 151, 153, 154, 155

school curricula, 97, 108, 276–277

Multidisciplinary research, see Interdisciplinary research

Multisystemic Therapy, 158, 173

Music, 23, 107, 127, 133, 135, 237, 241, 303

N

National Assessment of Educational Progress, 26

National Center for Charitable Statistics, 128

National Center for Community Education, 288

National Coalition for Youth, 279

National Community Education Association, 288

National Educational Longitudinal Survey, 246–247, 248–251

National Institute on Out-of-School Time, 294

National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, 27, 28, 246, 248–251

sexual behavior, 55

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 30, 124, 246, 248–251

National Neighborhood Data System, 261

National Neighborhood Indicators Project, 247, 260–261

National School Age Child Care Alliance, 293

National Training Institute for Community Youth Work, 294

National Youth Administration, 267

National Youth Development Information Center, 260

Native Americans, see American Indians

Neighborhood factors, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 17, 31, 38, 93, 239, 247, 289, 341

see also Local government and organizations

academic achievement, 26

administrative data, 233

geographic information systems, 247, 263

high-risk, programs for, 22, 29, 184–186

Nonexperimental studies, 16, 42, 120, 122–123, 204–205, 206, 221, 227, 311

see also Longitudinal studies;

Qualitative evaluations

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

defined, 205

intellectual development, 78

model program evaluations, 183

psychological and emotional development, 80

quasi-experimental approaches, 147, 167, 174–175, 178, 194, 204, 205, 213–214, 221, 227, 309, 311

sexual activity, 101

social development, 81

social norms, 101–102

Nutrition, 74–75, 136

eating disorders, 52, 53, 54, 236, 244

funding of programs, 268, 275

obesity, 2, 27, 74, 75, 115, 299

survey data, 237, 244, 249

O

Obesity, 2, 27, 74, 75, 115, 299

Open Society Institute, 288

Outcome assessment, 14, 16, 67, 72, 79– 80, 137, 140, 148–195, 236– 238, 241, 245, 255, 259, 308, 312

belongingness, 98–99

defined, 202, 203

funding of programs, 268 accountability, 16, 230–231, 253

immigrants, 337

mental health programs, 149, 166

meta-analyses of program evaluations, 148, 150–180

nonexperimental studies, 122

social indicator data, 201–203, 209– 210, 222, 308, 231, 232

see also Administrative data;

Longitudinal studies;

Surveys funding for, 198, 206

structure/monitoring, appropriate levels, 93, 193–194

Out-of-School Time Technical Assistance Project, 284–285

P

Parents, 1, 7, 47, 48, 60–61, 94–96, 240, 323–325

academic achievement of children, 26

after-school programs, opinion of, 20– 21

child abuse and neglect, 188, 238–239, 249, 278, 281, 340–341

communication with, 50, 56, 61, 160, 161, 181–184, 192, 236, 239

comprehensive evaluations, 220

cost of programs for, 268

cultural factors, 61, 96, 111–112

education for, 3, 150–166 (passim), 168, 173, 193

meta-analyses of prevention program

evaluations, 150–165 (passim), 168, 173, 174, 193

model program evaluations, 181–184, 188

peer influence vs, 59

program involvement, 110–112, 117, 136–138, 150, 240, 251

racism, parental support to palliate effects of , 95, 111–112

school program involvement, 95, 110– 112, 150–173 (passim), 240, 251, 323–324

single-parent households, 28, 188, 239, 298–299

supervision by, appropriate level of, 5, 92–93, 96, 250

survey data, 240, 248, 250, 251

teen pregnancy and parental relations, 61

working, 1, 33, 133, 283, 297

Parents United for Child Care, 283–284

Peers and friends, 7, 8, 9, 32, 46, 47, 49, 58–60, 64, 79, 107, 117, 145, 272, 302, 338

age factors, 47, 49, 50, 54, 60, 102– 103

belongingness, 97, 98–99

bullying, 5, 9, 152, 170, 173

communication skills, 50

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

counseling, 127

crime, 60;

see also “gangs” below

deviant behaviors, 48, 102

gangs, 23–24, 29, 32, 33, 45, 55, 59, 82, 89, 91

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 154, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 168, 169–170, 177

norms, 100–101, 102–103, 133, 191, 250

parental involvement in programs, 110–111

puberty onset, age at, 54

structured activities involving, 30

survey data, 236, 237, 248, 250

tutoring, 109, 161, 164, 165, 185

unstructured activities, general, 92

Penn Prevention Project, 159, 169–170, 171

Physical activity

see also Sports and athletics adventure programs, 179

alcohol and drug abuse and, 109

dance, 121, 124, 133, 136, 303

high school physical education, 27

nutrition and, 75–76

survey data, 237, 244, 249

well-being, general, 73–74

Piaget, Jean, 56, 321, 322

Positive Youth Development Program, 159

Poverty, 2, 5, 11, 28, 72, 114–115, 116– 117, 298–299

Boys and Girls Clubs, 107

compensatory education, 276

computer training, 271

cost of programs for parents, 268

funding of programs, 268, 272, 276, 279, 280, 281

housing, 202, 276

Medicaid, 279

model program evaluations, 188

obesity, 75

racism, 112

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, 273–274, 281–282

welfare-to-work strategies, 273–274

Pregnancy, 2, 48, 55, 101, 306, 336

see also Contraception and contraceptives

funding for programs, 274, 278–279

historical perspectives, 25–26

meta-analyses of program evaluations, 148, 154, 164, 174–175

model program evaluations, 181–184

parental relations and teen pregnancy, 61

qualitative program evaluations, 258

social indicator data, 230

survey data, 237, 238, 244

Private/Public Ventures, 138, 254, 256, 258

Private sector, 3, 4, 10, 11, 13, 18, 122, 125, 127

Process evaluation, 140, 188, 189, 198, 202–203, 206, 208, 209, 210– 211, 262–263

Profiles of Student Life:

Attitudes and Behaviors, 235–242, 252, 262

Project ALERT, 160

Project Northland, 160

Protecting Youth at Work: Health, Safety, and Development of Working Children and Adolescents in the United States, 339–340

Puberty onset, 46, 51, 53, 54, 55, 316, 335–336

Public Health Services Act, 278–279

Public opinion

after-school programs, 20–21

funding to enhance, 287

Q

Qualitative evaluations, 4–5, 147, 188– 189, 203, 206, 222–223, 257– 259

case studies, 16, 206, 212, 217–219

defined, 204

ethnographic/anthropological, 68, 87, 88, 97, 123–124, 206, 210–211, 257, 300, 320, 325–326

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

Quantum Opportunities, 12, 161, 173, 184–186, 190

Quasi-experimental studies, 147, 167, 174–175, 178, 194, 204, 213– 214, 221, 227, 309, 311

defined, 205

R

Race/ethnicity, 23, 27, 90, 303, 338

see also Black persons;

Hispanics;

Multiculturalism;

White persons

alcohol abuse, 27

American Indians, 79, 97, 105–106, 128, 144, 272, 280

belongingness, 97–99, 132

bilingual education, 276–277

discrimination, 5

efficacy and mastery, 105–106

funding of programs, 268

guns, 28

identity, 8

immigrants, 79, 111, 336–337

model program evaluations, 188

obesity, 75

parents, 111–112

psychological and emotional development, 79, 80–81

puberty onset, 52–54

single parents, 28

special programs, 3, 29

staffing of programs, 131

Racism, 48, 49, 55, 80–81, 97, 165, 338

parental support, 95, 111–112

Reading, 29, 127, 135, 282

Recreation, 3, 127, 135, 220, 274, 303

see also Sports and athletics

Reducing the Risk, 161

Religious/spiritual factors and programs, 3, 7, 72, 75, 127, 128, 135, 142–143, 303

belongingness, 98–99, 132

ceremonies, 126, 143–145

funding, 280, 283

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 154, 176

norms, 101

technical support, 293

Research methodology, see Methodological issues

Research recommendations, 12–13, 115, 305–307

Responding in Peaceful and Positive Ways, 162

Risk factors, general, 5, 38, 84, 116, 118, 127, 139, 168, 281, 298–299, 339, 340

see also specific risk factors (e.g., Alcohol and drug abuse)

belongingness and, 97

decision making by adolescents, 46–47, 335

immigrants, 337

neighborhoods, 22, 29, 184–186

Risks and Opportunities: Synthesis of Studies on Adolescence, 340

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 285

Rural areas, 2, 126, 133, 272, 299

S

Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act, 277

SafeFutures, 276

Safety and security, 1, 7, 9, 43, 70, 89–91, 113, 117, 129–130, 301

see also Violence

child abuse and neglect, 188, 238–239, 249, 278, 281, 340–341

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 151, 153, 156, 157, 161, 164, 193–194

occupational safety and health, 339– 340

survey data, 238–239, 249, 251

Save the Children, 123, 126, 131, 135

School-Based Community Centers, 140– 141

School-To-Work Programs, 277

School Transitional Environment Project, 162, 170–171

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

Schools, 1, 2, 3, 8, 10, 33, 37, 65, 76–79, 107–109, 113–114, 137, 140– 141, 323–324, 338

see also Dropouts;

Teachers

administrative data, 236

belongingness, 96–97

bullying, 5, 89, 152, 170, 173

charter schools, 285–286

comprehensive evaluations, 220

decision making by adolescents, 46

discipline, 92, 153

efficacy and mastery, 104–105

funding of programs, 276–277, 278, 285–286, 289

guns in, 2, 23–24, 25, 162, 299

meta-analyses of mental health

programs, 149–173 (passim), 175, 177, 180, 193

model program evaluations, 181–184, 186

multicultural curricula, 97, 108, 276– 277

parental involvement, 95, 110–112, 150–173 (passim), 240, 251, 323–324

physical education, 27

puberty onset, 54

school-to-work programs, 3, 23, 49, 273–274, 277

survey data, 236–240, 241, 243–244, 249, 250, 251

transitions, 62–64, 156, 162, 170–171, 299–300, 339

violence, 23–24, 25, 162, 237

bullying, 5, 89, 152, 170, 173

guns in, 2, 23–24, 25, 162, 299

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey, 236–240, 243–244, 252, 262

Search Institute, 30, 71, 116, 241, 292– 293

Security, see Safety and security

Self-efficacy, 7, 8, 9, 32, 43, 61, 70, 75, 79, 80, 81, 84, 90, 103–106, 117, 134–135, 192

see also Mastery

cultural factors, 105–106, 108

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 151, 155, 160, 161, 164, 176, 177

survey data, 240, 241–242, 248, 251

Self-esteem, 54, 58–59, 62, 72, 75, 76–77, 80, 84, 95, 96, 103, 114, 130– 131, 248

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 153, 163, 164, 179

Self-regulation, 70, 72, 74, 79, 96, 103– 104, 150, 151, 154, 159, 168, 169–170, 177, 182, 248

Sexual activity, 2, 9, 55–56, 101, 299

see also Contraception and contraceptives;

Pregnancy

belongingness, 97

child abuse, 188, 249

cultural pressure, 33

educational interventions, 109

funding for programs, 274, 278–279

gay/lesbian, 5, 9, 98, 99, 132–133

harassment, 5, 9

historical perspectives, 25, 26–27, 47

identity, 8, 64, 90, 99, 132

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 154, 163, 174–175, 177, 192

model program evaluations, 181–184, 188

puberty onset, 46, 51, 54, 55, 316

qualitative program evaluations, 258

school transitions, 64

survey data, 238, 241, 244, 245, 249

unstructured/unsupervised time and, 29, 30

Sexually transmitted diseases, 2, 27, 55, 238, 249, 299

AIDS/HIV, 2, 27, 192

Single-parent households, 28, 188, 239, 298–299

Smoking, 2, 27, 30, 101, 109, 299, 337– 338

litigation settlement funds, 285

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 151, 156, 157, 158, 160

survey data, 236–240, 242–243, 249, 262

tax on tobacco, 282

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

Social Competence Program for Young Adolescents, 163

Social factors, 2, 3, 5–10 (passim), 32, 42, 48, 50, 64, 65, 87, 90, 236, 248, 300, 302, 303, 306, 316, 320, 323–324, 341

see also Cultural factors;

Family factors;

Neighborhood factors;

Parents;

Peers and friends;

Volunteer programs

civic decision making, 127–128, 250, 287

decision making, general, 335

immigrants, 337

indicator data, 12, 68–69, 75, 82–83, 197–264, 312–314

see also Administrative data;

Longitudinal studies;

Surveys funding for, 198, 206

intellectual development and, 76

meta-analyses of prevention program evaluations, 150–165 (passim), 170, 172, 174, 176, 179

model program evaluations, 182, 191

norms, 8, 9, 11, 43, 53, 64, 67, 68, 77, 78–79, 81–82, 90, 91, 100–103, 112, 113, 117, 127, 133, 191, 239, 250, 301

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 153–165 (passim), 172, 176

peers, 100–101, 102–103, 133, 191, 250

school grading practices, 109

school transitions, 62–63

structured supervision, 9, 30, 90, 91– 94, 117, 130, 193–194, 238, 250, 301

parental, 5, 92–93, 96, 250

unstructured/unsupervised time, 5, 20, 28–29, 30–31, 38, 92, 299

well-being, general, 68, 69, 70, 71, 75, 81–82

Social Security Act, 278

Socioeconomic status, 29, 114–115, 116–117

see also Educational attainment;

Employment;

Poverty

academic achievement, 26

census data, 233

comprehensive evaluations, 220

racism, 111–112

Special needs children, 3, 5, 38, 132, 220, 299

Sports and athletics, 3, 19, 32, 53, 58, 59, 93, 95, 101–102, 107, 109–110, 127, 133, 135, 303

adventure programs, 179

gender factors, 101–102, 109

survey data, 237, 240, 241, 251

State-level studies and programs, 253–264

funding, 20, 139, 252, 270, 274, 278, 280–286, 293, 294–295, 296

block grants, 3, 273, 275, 276, 277–278, 279, 280

Medicaid, 279

United Way, 269–270

surveys, 234–244, 262, 312

Student Survey of Risk and Protective Factors, and Prevalence of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use, 236–241, 242–243, 262

Substance abuse, see Alcohol and drug abuse

Suicide, 27, 153, 236, 249

Summative evaluations, see Outcome assessment

Summer programs, 127, 163, 165, 270, 274, 282, 286

Summer Training and Education Program (STEP), 163

Surveys, 12, 18, 30, 109, 115, 121, 124, 125, 126, 131–132, 134, 137, 141, 204, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234–252, 262

see also Longitudinal studies

alcohol and drug abuse, 236–240, 241, 242–243, 244, 245, 249, 262

cognitive factors, 236, 244, 246–247, 248

costs of, 232, 245, 246, 252

crime, 237, 238, 239, 249

cultural factors, 235, 241, 248

local, 262, 312

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

nutrition, 237, 244, 249

parents, 240, 248, 250, 251

physical activity, 237, 244, 249

pregnancy, 237, 238, 244

program implementation, 255–256

public opinion, 20–21, 287

safety and security, 238–239, 249, 251

schools, 236–240, 241, 243–244, 249, 250, 251

self-efficacy, 240, 241–242, 248, 251

sexual activity, 238, 241, 244, 245, 249

smoking, 236–240, 242–243, 249, 262

sports and athletics, 237, 240, 241, 251

state-level, 234–244, 262, 312

urban areas, 236–240, 243–245, 252, 262

T

Taxation

property, 284

tobacco, 282

Teachers, 338

after-school programs, opinion of, 20– 21

discipline by, 92

efficacy and mattering, student sense

of, 104–105, 108–109

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 156, 159, 162, 163, 168–169

motivational support by, 95, 97

parent-teacher meetings, 240

school transition role, 162, 170–171

Technical assistance, 228–264, 284–285, 291–294, 312, 313

data collection, 17

foundations, 10, 136–137

Internet-based, 18

Teen Incentives Program, 163

Teen Outreach Program, 12, 181–184, 186, 307

Teen REACH program, 274

Television, 28, 31, 101, 236, 244

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, 273–274, 281–282

Theoretical issues, 15–16, 21–22, 38, 42– 43, 47, 49–50, 87–88, 300, 311, 315–327

see also Methodological issues cognition, 57

comprehensive evaluation, 207–208, 211, 216–217, 220, 221, 222, 225, 226, 227, 310

demonstration programs, 15, 226, 311

emotional factors, 70, 37, 74–75

ethnic identity and belongingness, 99

mastery, 8, 47, 70

model program evaluations, 181, 186

peer interactions, 59

school transitions, 62–64

social indicator data, 202

social learning, 166

supportive relationships, 94

well-being, general, 68–72

Time factors, 28–29, 225, 231, 235

experimental evaluations, 219, 310

fundraising, 269

length of adolescence, 2, 22

mental health programs, 149, 150–165

(passim), 167, 168

meta-analyses of prevention program

evaluations, 149–172 (passim), 179, 180

model program evaluations, 183, 185

parent-child relations, 61

positive use of time, 71

program activities, time spent in, 124, 149–172 (passim), 179, 180, 183, 185, 211–212, 255

qualitative evaluations, 259

television, 28, 31, 236, 244

unsupervised/unstructured, 5, 20, 28– 29, 30–31, 38, 299

Time-series designs, 214–216, 221

Tobacco use, see Smoking

Tutoring, 57, 64, 77, 109, 121, 127, 135

peer, 109, 161, 164, 165, 185

21st Century Learning Centers, 20, 31, 270–271, 280, 281–282, 287, 288, 295

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
×

U

Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect, 340

United Way, 269–270, 279

Urban areas, 2, 3, 23, 26, 133, 135, 142– 143, 255, 260–261, 299

alternative schools, 286

funding for programs, 272, 281–282, 283–284, 287, 288–291, 294

Save the Children, 126

survey data, 236–240, 243–245, 252, 262

technical assistance, 292–293

volunteer community service, 121

Big Brothers/Big Sisters, 12, 95–96, 132, 151, 170–171, 173, 187– 189, 190–191, 220, 307

Urban Health Initiative, 285

Urban Institute, 30

V

Valued Youth Partnership, 164

Values in Action, 262

Violence, 27–28, 79, 89–91, 339

see also Crime;

Guns;

Safety and security

child abuse and neglect, 188, 238–239, 249, 278, 281, 340–341

gangs, 23–24, 29, 32, 33, 45, 55, 59, 82, 89, 91, 130, 239, 250, 275

homicide, 27–28

media depictions of, 1–2, 23, 101, 297

meta-analyses of program evaluations, 148, 151, 152, 162, 170, 172– 174, 177

norms, 101, 103

puberty onset, 51

schools, 23–24, 25, 162, 237

bullying, 5, 89, 152, 170, 173

guns in, 2, 23–24, 25, 162, 299

suicide, 27, 153, 236, 249

survey data, 237, 238–239, 241, 244, 249, 250

Violence in Families: Assessing Prevention and Treatment Programs, 340– 341

Vital statistics, 229, 230, 232, 233, 261– 262, 312

Volunteer programs, 2, 3, 8, 30, 33, 36, 121, 127, 135, 240, 272, 291

adults, 32

Big Brothers/Big Sisters, 12, 95–96, 132, 151, 170–171, 173, 187– 189, 190–191, 220, 307

decision making by adolescents, 46

historical perspectives, 25

meta-analyses of prevention programs, 150, 154, 161, 164

model program evaluations, 182, 185, 187–189

tax to fund programs, 284

Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA), 273

W

Well-being, general, 2, 6, 38, 42, 43, 66– 85, 266, 298–299, 300, 303

see also Health status;

Mental health and illness

cognitive factors, 73, 74, 76–79

decision making, 74, 76

experimental studies, 69, 82, 83

historical perspectives, 2, 25, 70, 71, 72

measurement of, 67–70, 228, 231, 259, 261

social factors, 68, 69, 70, 71, 75, 81– 82

White persons, 318

alcohol and drug abuse, 27

model program evaluations, 188

puberty onset, 53–54

smoking, 27

suicide, 27

survey data, 235

William T.Grant Foundation, 287–288

Women, see Gender factors

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
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Woodrock Youth Development Project, 165

Workforce Investment Act, 272–273

World Wide Web, see Internet

Y

Younger Americans Act, 127, 279–280

Youth Corps, 274

Youth Development and Neighborhood Influences: Challenges and Opportunities, 341

Youth Development Block Grants, 279

Youth Development Mobilization Initiative, 260

Youth Incentive Entitlement Projects, 175

Youth National Outcome Work Groups, 245, 259

Youth Opportunity Grants, 273

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey, 236–240, 243–244, 252, 262

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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Community Programs to Promote Youth Development. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10022.
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After-school programs, scout groups, community service activities, religious youth groups, and other community-based activities have long been thought to play a key role in the lives of adolescents. But what do we know about the role of such programs for today's adolescents? How can we ensure that programs are designed to successfully meet young people's developmental needs and help them become healthy, happy, and productive adults?

Community Programs to Promote Youth Development explores these questions, focusing on essential elements of adolescent well-being and healthy development. It offers recommendations for policy, practice, and research to ensure that programs are well designed to meet young people's developmental needs.

The book also discusses the features of programs that can contribute to a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. It examines what we know about the current landscape of youth development programs for America's youth, as well as how these programs are meeting their diverse needs.

Recognizing the importance of adolescence as a period of transition to adulthood, Community Programs to Promote Youth Development offers authoritative guidance to policy makers, practitioners, researchers, and other key stakeholders on the role of youth development programs to promote the healthy development and well-being of the nation's youth.

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