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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
TABLE S-5 Criteria and Dietary Reference Intake Values for Iodine by Life Stage Group
Life Stage Group
Criterion
0 through 6 mo
Average iodine intake from human milk
7 through 12 mo
Extrapolation from 0 through 6 mo AI
1 through 3 y
Balance data on children
4 through 8 y
Balance data on children
9 through 13 y
Extrapolation from adult EAR
14 through 18 y
Extrapolation from adult EAR
19 through 50 y
Iodine turnover
≥ 51 y
Extrapolation of iodine turnover studies from through 50 y
Pregnancy
14 through 18 y
Balance data during pregnancy
19 through 50 y
Balance data during pregnancy
Lactation
14 through 18 y
Adolescent female average requirement plus average amount of iodine secreted in human milk
19 through 50 y
Adult female average requirement plus average amount of iodine secreted in human milk
a EAR = Estimated Average Requirement. The intake that meets the estimated nutrient needs of half of the individuals in a group.
b RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance. The intake that meets the nutrient need of almost all (97–98 percent) of individuals in a group.
c AI = Adequate Intake. The observed average or experimentally determined intake by a defined population or subgroup that appears to sustain a defined nutritional status, such as growth rate, normal circulating nutrient values, or other functional indicators of health. The AI is used if sufficient scientific evidence is not available to derive an EAR. For healthy infants receiving human milk, the AI is the mean intake. The AI is not equivalent to an RDA.
CRITERIA AND PROPOSED VALUES FOR TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS
A risk assessment model is used to derive Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). The model consists of a systematic series of scientific considerations and judgments. The hallmark of the risk assessment model is the requirement to be explicit in all of the evaluations and judgments made.
The adult ULs for vitamin A (3,000 μg/day), boron (20 mg/day), copper (10,000 μg/day), iodine (1,100 μg/day), iron (45 mg/day), manganese (11 mg/day), molybdenum (2,000 μg/day), nickel (1.0
