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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
TABLE 7-2 Effects of Copper (Cu) Intake on Copper Status
Reference
Subjects
Duration of Study
Dietary Cu Intake (mg/d)
Results
Turnlund et al., 1990
11 healthy men
90 d
1.68 × 24 d
Plasma Cu, ceruloplasmin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), urinary and salivary Cu: no change due to Cu intake
Cu sweat losses very low
0.79 × 42 d
7.53 × 24 d
Milne and Nielsen, 1996
10 post-menopausal women, aged 49–75 y (mean 63 y)
≈ 6 mo
0.57 × 105 d
Urinary Cu: no change throughout study
Plasma Cu and ceruloplasmin: no significant change
SOD and platelet cytochrome c oxidase: significantly lower after depletion, but no increase during repletion
Platelet Cu declined during depletion and increased with repletion
2.57 × 35 d (2 mg as supplement)
Turnlund et al., 1997
11 healthy men, mean age 26 y
90 d
0.66 × 24 d
Plasma Cu, SOD, ceruloplasmin, and urinary Cu declined with depletion and increased with repletion
0.38 × 42 d
2.49 × 24 d
obligatory losses. This approach provides supporting evidence for the EAR based on copper status estimated above. Endogenous losses, estimated from total parenteral nutrition (TPN) data, were estimated to be 300 μg/day by Shike and coworkers (1981). This estimate was based on gastrointestinal losses from patients without excessive gastrointestinal secretions (less than 0.3 L/day) of 191 μg/day and urinary losses of 90 μg/day, which are higher than urinary losses in normal, healthy adults, and would provide an increment for miscellaneous losses. The TPN patients received no copper orally, but copper from TPN ranged from 250 to 1,850 μg/day.
There are no data on obligatory copper losses in healthy people; therefore the study with the lowest copper intake and data on
