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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
Lactation
Method Used to Estimate the Average Requirement
The EAR during lactation is based on the average requirement of adolescent girls and nonpregnant women plus the average daily loss of iodine in human milk. The EAR for adolescent girls and adult women is 95 μg/day, and the average daily loss of iodine in human milk is approximately 114 μg/day (Gushurst et al., 1984). Therefore, the EAR for lactating women is 209 μg/day.
Iodine EAR and RDA Summary, Lactation
EAR for Lactation
14–18 years
209 μg/day of iodine
19–30 years
209 μg/day of iodine
31–50 years
209 μg/day of iodine
The RDA for iodine is set by using a CV of 20 percent (see “Adults Ages 19 Years and Older”). The RDA is defined as equal to the EAR plus twice the CV to cover the needs of 97 to 98 percent of the individuals in the group (therefore, for iodine the RDA is 140 percent of the EAR). The calculated RDA value is rounded to the nearest 10 μg.
RDA for Lactation
14–18 years
290 μg/day of iodine
19–30 years
290 μg/day of iodine
31–50 years
290 μg/day of iodine
INTAKE OF IODINE
Food Sources
The iodine content in most food sources is low and can be affected by content of soil, irrigation, and fertilizers. Most foods provide 3 to 75 μg per serving. Foods of marine origin have higher concentrations of iodine because marine animals concentrate iodine from seawater. Processed foods may also contain higher levels of iodine due to the addition of iodized salt or additives such as calcium iodate, potassium iodate, potassium iodide, and cuprous iodide.
