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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001)
Food and Nutrition Board (FNB)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

Citation Manager

. "2 Overview and Methods." Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2001.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc

base (Rainey et al., 1999) was used to calculate boron intakes from these surveys. National survey data for Canada are not currently available, but data have been collected in Québec and Nova Scotia. The extent to which these data are applicable nationwide is not known.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Total Diet Study was used for estimating the intakes for many of the micronutrients reviewed that were not covered by NHANES III and CFSII. The FDA Total Diet Study utilized a number of FDA Market Basket Surveys collected between the third quarter of 1991 and the first quarter of 1997. An updated food map was developed with use of a total of 306 core foods to map the USDA food consumption survey data for 1994 to 1996. The micronutrient contents of the 306 core foods were determined by FDA, USDA CFSII Code Book, Standard Reference 12, or literature published by individual laboratories. The intake data were not adjusted for day-to-day variation, and therefore do not represent usual intakes.

Appendix C provides the mean and the fifth through ninety-ninth percentiles of dietary intakes of vitamin A, vitamin K, boron, copper, iron, and zinc from NHANES III, adjusted by methods described by the National Research Council (NRC, 1986) and by Feinleib et al. (1993) and adjusted for day-to-day variation by the method of Nusser et al. (1996).

TABLE 2-2 Percentage of Persons Taking Vitamin and Mineral Supplements, by Sex and Age: National Health Interview Survey, United States, 1986

 

Women

Vitamin/Mineral Supplement Taken

All Adults

18+ y

18–44 y

45–64 y

65+ y

Vitamin A

25.9

26.3

26.3

24.4

Chromium

9.4

9.9

9.1

8.7

Copper

15.2

15.3

14.7

15.6

Iodine

15.3

15.7

14.3

15.5

Iron

23.1

24.5

22.0

20.7

Manganese

12.4

12.3

12.4

12.7

Zinc

17.2

17.0

17.2

17.9

NOTE: The high use of supplements by pregnant women is not reflected in this table.

SOURCE: Moss et al. (1989).

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56
Front Matter (R1-R24)
Summary (1-28)
1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (29-43)
2 Overview and Methods (44-59)
3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (60-81)
4 Vitamin A (82-161)
5 Vitamin K (162-196)
6 Chromium (197-223)
7 Copper (224-257)
8 Iodine (258-289)
9 Iron (290-393)
10 Manganese (394-419)
11 Molybdenum (420-441)
12 Zinc (442-501)
13 Arsenic, Boron, Nickel, Silicon, and Vanadium (502-553)
14 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes (554-579)
15 A Research Agenda (580-586)
Appendix A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intake (587-590)
Appendix B Acknowledgments (591-593)
Appendix C Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (594-643)
Appendix D Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996 (644-653)
Appendix E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 1991-1997 (654-673)
Appendix F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990 (674-679)
Appendix G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (680-691)
Appendix H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (692-696)
Appendix I Iron Intakes and Estimated Percentile of the Distribution of Iron Requirements from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996 (697-703)
Appendix J Glossary and Acronyms (704-708)
Appendix K Conversion of Units (709-709)
Appendix L Options for Dealing with Uncertainties (710-714)
Appendix M Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members (715-728)
Index (729-769)
Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Vitamins (770-771)
Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Elements (772-773)