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PAPERBACK + PDF your price: $70.50 add to cart PAPERBACK list:$59.95 Web:$53.96 add to cart HARDBACK list:$79.95 Web:$71.95 add to cart PDF BOOK your price: $46.00 add to cart PDF CHAPTERS your price: $2.30 select Rights & Permissions Free Resources PDF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Display this book on your site! Related Titles Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate Other Related Titles Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2000) Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) Institute of Medicine (IOM) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 644   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. D Dietary Intake Datafrom the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996 TABLE D-1 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Boron (mg/day) from Food, CSFII (1994–1996) Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 1st 5th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 195 0.75 0.03 0.06 Standard error   0.14 0.01 0.01 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 130 0.99 0.12 0.20 Standard error   0.12 0.02 0.02 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,834 0.86 0.25 0.35 Standard error   0.02 0.01 0.01 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,650 0.80 0.33 0.43 Standard error   0.01 0.01 0.01 M 9 to 13 y 552 0.90 0.38 0.49 Standard error   0.03 0.02 0.02 M 14 to 18 y 446 1.02 0.34 0.47 Standard error   0.04 0.03 0.02 M 19 to 30 y 853 1.15 0.37 0.51 Standard error   0.03 0.02 0.02 M 31 to 50 y 1,684 1.33 0.42 0.58 Standard error   0.03 0.02 0.02 M 51 to 70 y 1,606 1.34 0.39 0.56 Standard error   0.02 0.02 0.02 M 71+ y 674 1.25 0.31 0.46 Standard error   0.03 0.02 0.02 Page 644 Front Matter (R1-R24) Summary (1-28) 1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (29-43) 2 Overview and Methods (44-59) 3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (60-81) 4 Vitamin A (82-161) 5 Vitamin K (162-196) 6 Chromium (197-223) 7 Copper (224-257) 8 Iodine (258-289) 9 Iron (290-393) 10 Manganese (394-419) 11 Molybdenum (420-441) 12 Zinc (442-501) 13 Arsenic, Boron, Nickel, Silicon, and Vanadium (502-553) 14 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes (554-579) 15 A Research Agenda (580-586) Appendix A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intake (587-590) Appendix B Acknowledgments (591-593) Appendix C Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (594-643) Appendix D Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996 (644-653) Appendix E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 1991-1997 (654-673) Appendix F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990 (674-679) Appendix G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (680-691) Appendix H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (692-696) Appendix I Iron Intakes and Estimated Percentile of the Distribution of Iron Requirements from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996 (697-703) Appendix J Glossary and Acronyms (704-708) Appendix K Conversion of Units (709-709) Appendix L Options for Dealing with Uncertainties (710-714) Appendix M Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members (715-728) Index (729-769) Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Vitamins (770-771) Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Elements (772-773)

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc D Dietary Intake Datafrom the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996 TABLE D-1 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Boron (mg/day) from Food, CSFII (1994–1996) Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 1st 5th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 195 0.75 0.03 0.06 Standard error   0.14 0.01 0.01 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 130 0.99 0.12 0.20 Standard error   0.12 0.02 0.02 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,834 0.86 0.25 0.35 Standard error   0.02 0.01 0.01 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,650 0.80 0.33 0.43 Standard error   0.01 0.01 0.01 M 9 to 13 y 552 0.90 0.38 0.49 Standard error   0.03 0.02 0.02 M 14 to 18 y 446 1.02 0.34 0.47 Standard error   0.04 0.03 0.02 M 19 to 30 y 853 1.15 0.37 0.51 Standard error   0.03 0.02 0.02 M 31 to 50 y 1,684 1.33 0.42 0.58 Standard error   0.03 0.02 0.02 M 51 to 70 y 1,606 1.34 0.39 0.56 Standard error   0.02 0.02 0.02 M 71+ y 674 1.25 0.31 0.46 Standard error   0.03 0.02 0.02

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.09 0.15 0.29 0.76 1.89 2.95 6.40 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.15 0.44 0.63 1.99 0.27 0.42 0.71 1.21 2.00 2.70 4.77 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.15 0.27 0.41 0.91 0.42 0.57 0.78 1.07 1.41 1.66 2.24 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.49 0.61 0.76 0.95 1.15 1.29 1.58 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.56 0.69 0.86 1.07 1.28 1.43 1.74 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.55 0.72 0.96 1.25 1.57 1.79 2.28 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.14 0.61 0.80 1.06 1.40 1.79 2.05 2.66 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.12 0.69 0.91 1.22 1.63 2.09 2.42 3.18 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.15 0.67 0.89 1.22 1.66 2.16 2.52 3.34 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.13 0.56 0.78 1.11 1.56 2.12 2.53 3.51 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.20

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 1st 5th F 9 to 13 y 560 0.83 0.34 0.44 Standard error   0.03 0.02 0.02 F 14 to 18 y 436 0.78 0.26 0.36 Standard error   0.04 0.02 0.02 F 19 to 30 y 760 0.87 0.30 0.40 Standard error   0.03 0.02 0.02 F 31 to 50 y 1,614 1.00 0.31 0.44 Standard error   0.02 0.01 0.01 F 51 to 70 y 1,539 1.11 0.32 0.46 Standard error   0.02 0.01 0.01 F 71+ y 623 0.98 0.27 0.39 Standard error   0.03 0.02 0.02 F Pregnant 70 1.16 0.37 0.52 Standard error   0.09 0.06 0.07 F Lactating 41 1.39 0.38 0.55 Standard error   0.16 0.10 0.12 All Individuals 15,156 1.06 0.28 0.41 Standard error   0.01 0.00 0.00 All Indiv (+P/L) 15,267 1.06 0.28 0.41 Standard error   0.01 0.00 0.00 NOTE: Estimates were obtained using C-SIDE v1.02 (C-SIDE courtesy of Iowa State University Statistical Laboratory, Iowa State University). Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 43 degrees of freedom. a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: C. Rainey, Nutrition Research Group, and A. Carriquiry, Iowa State University, 1999.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.50 0.62 0.79 0.99 1.21 1.35 1.68 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.42 0.55 0.73 0.96 1.22 1.40 1.80 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.13 0.48 0.62 0.81 1.06 1.34 1.54 1.97 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.13 0.52 0.69 0.93 1.23 1.58 1.83 2.39 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.55 0.73 1.01 1.38 1.81 2.13 2.87 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.47 0.64 0.89 1.21 1.59 1.86 2.47 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.15 0.62 0.81 1.08 1.42 1.79 2.06 2.64 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.16 0.20 0.33 0.67 0.92 1.27 1.73 2.26 2.64 3.49 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.20 0.31 0.43 0.75 0.50 0.68 0.96 1.32 1.75 2.07 2.79 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.50 0.68 0.95 1.32 1.75 2.06 2.79 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc TABLE D-2 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Copper (mg/day) from Food, CSFII (1994–1996) Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 5th 10th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 157 0.61 0.40 0.44 Standard error   0.02 0.02 0.02 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 112 0.77 0.49 0.55 Standard error   0.05 0.04 0.04 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,791 0.71 0.41 0.47 Standard error   0.01 0.01 0.01 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,650 0.88 0.55 0.61 Standard error   0.01 0.01 0.01 M 9 to 13 y 552 1.17 0.69 0.78 Standard error   0.04 0.02 0.02 M 14 to 18 y 446 1.45 0.81 0.92 Standard error   0.05 0.03 0.03 M 19 to 30 y 854 1.52 0.81 0.92 Standard error   0.03 0.03 0.03 M 31 to 50 y 1,684 1.50 0.84 0.95 Standard error   0.02 0.01 0.02 M 51 to 70 y 1,606 1.44 0.78 0.89 Standard error   0.03 0.02 0.02 M 71+ y 674 1.25 0.67 0.77 Standard error   0.03 0.02 0.02 F 9 to 13 y 560 0.99 0.64 0.71 Standard error   0.02 0.02 0.02 F 14 to 18 y 436 1.07 0.62 0.69 Standard error   0.05 0.04 0.05 F 19 to 30 y 760 1.05 0.60 0.68 Standard error   0.02 0.02 0.02 F 31 to 50 y 1,614 1.06 0.62 0.70 Standard error   0.01 0.01 0.01 F 51 to 70 y 1,539 1.05 0.63 0.70 Standard error   0.02 0.01 0.01 F 71+ y 623 1.00 0.56 0.64 Standard error   0.04 0.02 0.02 F Pregnant 71 1.17 0.76 0.83 Standard error   0.06 0.04 0.04 F Lactating 42 1.35 0.84 0.92 Standard error   0.11 0.09 0.09 All Individuals 15,058 1.17 0.58 0.67 Standard error   0.01 0.01 0.01 All Indiv (+P/L) 15,170 1.17 0.58 0.67 Standard error   0.01 0.01 0.01 NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided two 24-hour dietary recalls and were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 43 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk were excluded from all analyses. One female was pregnant and lactating and was included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.51 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.88 1.05 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.65 0.75 0.86 0.99 1.10 1.38 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.27 0.56 0.68 0.83 0.98 1.09 1.33 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.73 0.86 1.01 1.18 1.29 1.56 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.94 1.13 1.35 1.60 1.79 2.24 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.13 1.12 1.38 1.69 2.05 2.32 2.95 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.19 1.14 1.44 1.81 2.19 2.47 3.14 0.06 0.03 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.12 1.16 1.43 1.77 2.13 2.40 3.05 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.08 1.08 1.35 1.69 2.08 2.40 3.10 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.17 0.95 1.18 1.48 1.80 2.03 2.63 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.27 0.82 0.96 1.13 1.31 1.43 1.72 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.82 1.02 1.27 1.49 1.65 2.09 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.82 1.01 1.24 1.47 1.63 2.00 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.84 1.02 1.24 1.46 1.60 1.91 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.83 1.01 1.21 1.44 1.61 1.98 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.75 0.95 1.17 1.42 1.62 2.04 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.19 0.96 1.13 1.33 1.54 1.68 1.97 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.13 1.08 1.30 1.55 1.83 2.01 2.42 0.09 0.10 0.13 0.17 0.20 0.29 0.85 1.10 1.41 1.76 2.01 2.54 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.85 1.10 1.41 1.76 2.00 2.54 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc TABLE D-3 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Iron (mg/day) from Food, CSFII (1994–1996) Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 5th 10th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 157 14.6 7.6 8.9 Standard error   0.6 0.8 0.8 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 112 17.3 9.2 10.6 Standard error   0.7 0.5 0.5 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,791 10.9 5.6 6.5 Standard error   0.2 0.1 0.1 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,650 13.5 7.6 8.6 Standard error   0.2 0.2 0.1 M,9 to 13 y 552 18.2 10.0 11.4 Standard error   0.5 0.4 0.4 M 14 to 18 y 446 20.7 10.6 12.2 Standard error   0.8 0.4 0.4 M 19 to 30 y 854 19.2 10.3 11.9 Standard error   0.6 0.4 0.4 M 31 to 50 y 1,684 19.1 10.2 11.5 Standard error   0.4 0.3 0.2 M 51 to 70 y 1,606 17.5 9.3 10.7 Standard error   0.4 0.2 0.2 M 71+ y 674 16.4 8.5 9.7 Standard error   0.4 0.2 0.2 F 9 to 13 y 560 14.3 8.2 9.2 Standard error   0.4 0.2 0.2 F 14 to 18 y 436 13.5 7.4 8.5 Standard error   0.6 0.4 0.4 F 19 to 30 y 760 13.1 6.9 7.9 Standard error   0.4 0.2 0.3 F 31 to 50 y 1,614 13.1 7.1 8.0 Standard error   0.2 0.1 0.2 F 51 to 70 y 1,539 12.5 7.1 8.0 Standard error   0.2 0.1 0.1 F 71+ y 623 12.4 6.8 7.7 Standard error   0.3 0.2 0.2 F Pregnant 71 14.3 8.0 9.1 Standard error   4.3 4.1 4.3 F Lactating 42 18.6 9.5 10.8 Standard error   2.5 1.0 1.2 All Individuals 15,058 15.3 7.4 8.6 Standard error   0.1 0.1 0.1 All Indiv (+P/L) 15,170 15.3 7.4 8.6 Standard error   0.1 0.1 0.1 NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided two 24-hour dietary recalls and were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 43 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk were excluded from all analyses. One female was pregnant and lactating and was included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 11.1 13.9 17.5 21.5 24.2 29.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 2.8 13.4 16.8 20.7 24.5 27.0 31.9 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.4 2.1 8.1 10.3 13.0 16.2 18.5 23.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.0 10.4 12.8 15.9 19.3 21.7 27.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.9 14.1 17.2 21.0 26.0 29.9 39.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.3 2.2 15.3 19.3 24.5 30.8 35.5 46.5 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.6 2.0 3.1 14.7 18.1 22.5 27.8 31.8 41.0 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.2 2.1 14.1 17.8 22.5 28.1 32.3 42.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.8 13.2 16.5 20.6 25.5 29.2 37.6 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.4 12.1 15.5 19.6 24.2 27.4 34.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.5 11.1 13.7 16.8 20.0 22.2 27.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 10.4 12.7 15.7 19.4 22.2 28.8 0.8 0.5 1.1 1.1 1.2 2.2 9.8 12.4 15.7 19.2 21.7 28.0 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.7 9.8 12.3 15.5 19.0 21.5 27.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 9.6 11.9 14.7 17.7 19.9 24.9 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 9.5 11.9 14.8 17.9 20.0 24.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 11.2 13.9 17.0 20.1 22.2 26.6 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.5 13.3 17.1 22.2 28.3 32.8 43.6 1.6 2.2 3.1 4.3 5.3 8.1 11.0 14.3 18.5 23.3 26.7 34.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 11.0 14.3 18.6 23.3 26.7 34.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc TABLE D-4 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Zinc (mg/day) from Food, CSFII (1994–1996) Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 5th 10th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 157 6.1 4.0 4.3 Standard error   0.2 0.2 0.2 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 112 6.8 4.5 5.0 Standard error   0.2 0.2 0.2 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,791 7.5 4.4 4.9 Standard error   0.1 0.1 0.1 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,650 9.3 5.5 6.1 Standard error   0.1 0.1 0.1 M 9 to 13 y 552 12.6 7.6 8.5 Standard error   0.2 0.2 0.2 M 14 to 18 y 446 15.0 8.4 9.6 Standard error   0.6 0.5 0.7 M 19 to 30 y 854 14.6 8.1 9.2 Standard error   0.3 0.3 0.3 M 31 to 50 y 1,684 14.5 8.1 9.1 Standard error   0.3 0.1 0.2 M 51 to 70 y 1,606 13.0 7.2 8.0 Standard error   0.3 0.1 0.2 M 71+ y 674 11.4 6.3 7.1 Standard error   0.4 0.2 0.2 F 9 to 13 y 560 10.1 6.2 6.9 Standard error   0.2 0.2 0.2 F 14 to 18 y 436 9.9 5.5 6.3 Standard error   0.4 0.3 0.3 F 19 to 30 y 760 9.3 5.2 5.8 Standard error   0.3 0.2 0.2 F 31 to 50 y 1,614 9.5 5.4 6.1 Standard error   0.2 0.1 0.1 F 51 to 70 y 1,539 8.7 5.2 5.8 Standard error   0.1 0.1 0.1 F 71+ y 623 8.2 4.9 5.4 Standard error   0.2 0.2 0.2 F Pregnant 71 10.4 6.1 6.9 Standard error   2.0 1.8 1.9 F Lactating 42 12.2 7.3 8.1 Standard error   1.3 0.7 0.8 All Individuals 15,058 11.0 5.5 6.3 Standard error   0.1 0.1 0.1 All Indiv (+P/L) 15,170 11.0 5.5 6.3 Standard error   0.1 0.1 0.1 NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided two 24-hour dietary recalls and were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 43 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk were excluded from all analyses. One female was pregnant and lactating and was included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 5.0 5.9 7.0 8.1 8.8 10.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 5.7 6.7 7.8 8.9 9.6 11.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 5.9 7.2 8.8 10.5 11.7 14.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 7.3 9.0 10.9 12.8 14.1 17.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 10.2 12.2 14.5 17.2 19.2 23.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.9 11.7 14.3 17.5 21.2 24.0 30.3 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.2 3.2 11.2 14.0 17.3 20.8 23.2 29.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.0 11.0 13.7 17.1 21.1 23.8 30.7 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.3 9.8 12.3 15.3 18.8 21.2 26.9 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1 8.7 10.8 13.4 16.3 18.3 23.3 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.9 8.1 9.7 11.6 13.7 15.1 18.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.9 7.7 9.5 11.7 14.0 15.5 18.7 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.5 7.1 8.9 11.0 13.1 14.6 18.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.9 7.3 9.1 11.1 13.4 14.9 18.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 6.9 8.4 10.2 12.1 13.4 16.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.7 6.5 8.0 9.6 11.4 12.5 15.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 8.4 10.2 12.2 14.2 15.4 18.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 9.6 11.6 14.2 17.0 18.9 23.2 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.3 3.0 8.0 10.4 13.3 16.6 18.8 23.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 8.0 10.4 13.3 16.5 18.8 23.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

Representative terms from entire chapter:

standard errors