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PAPERBACK + PDF your price: $70.50 add to cart PAPERBACK list:$59.95 Web:$53.96 add to cart HARDBACK list:$79.95 Web:$71.95 add to cart PDF BOOK your price: $46.00 add to cart PDF CHAPTERS your price: $2.30 select Rights & Permissions Free Resources PDF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Display this book on your site! Related Titles Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate Other Related Titles Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2000) Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) Institute of Medicine (IOM) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 654   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. E Dietary Intake Datafrom the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 1991–1997 TABLE E-1 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Vitamin K (μg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 1st 5th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 111.39 0.01 0.11 Standard error   4.73 0.05 0.14 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 95.12 0.40 4.57 Standard error   6.96 0.00 0.38 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 32.11 2.89 5.97 Standard error   1.03 0.19 0.11 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 36.64 4.54 8.71 Standard error   1.17 0.30 0.12 M 9 to 13 y 574 48.08 8.51 11.35 Standard error   2.06 0.44 0.18 M 14 to 18 y 474 65.58 5.46 12.39 Standard error   4.34 0.57 0.28 M 19 to 30 y 920 69.47 5.72 11.55 Standard error   2.59 0.47 0.22 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 81.15 4.31 11.81 Standard error   2.18 0.30 0.18 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 95.47 4.19 11.10 Standard error   3.35 0.35 0.19 M 71+ y 722 81.58 3.89 8.00 Standard error   3.87 0.51 0.21 Page 654 Front Matter (R1-R24) Summary (1-28) 1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (29-43) 2 Overview and Methods (44-59) 3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (60-81) 4 Vitamin A (82-161) 5 Vitamin K (162-196) 6 Chromium (197-223) 7 Copper (224-257) 8 Iodine (258-289) 9 Iron (290-393) 10 Manganese (394-419) 11 Molybdenum (420-441) 12 Zinc (442-501) 13 Arsenic, Boron, Nickel, Silicon, and Vanadium (502-553) 14 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes (554-579) 15 A Research Agenda (580-586) Appendix A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intake (587-590) Appendix B Acknowledgments (591-593) Appendix C Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (594-643) Appendix D Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996 (644-653) Appendix E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 1991-1997 (654-673) Appendix F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990 (674-679) Appendix G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (680-691) Appendix H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 (692-696) Appendix I Iron Intakes and Estimated Percentile of the Distribution of Iron Requirements from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996 (697-703) Appendix J Glossary and Acronyms (704-708) Appendix K Conversion of Units (709-709) Appendix L Options for Dealing with Uncertainties (710-714) Appendix M Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members (715-728) Index (729-769) Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Vitamins (770-771) Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Elements (772-773)

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc E Dietary Intake Datafrom the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 1991–1997 TABLE E-1 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Vitamin K (μg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 1st 5th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 111.39 0.01 0.11 Standard error   4.73 0.05 0.14 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 95.12 0.40 4.57 Standard error   6.96 0.00 0.38 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 32.11 2.89 5.97 Standard error   1.03 0.19 0.11 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 36.64 4.54 8.71 Standard error   1.17 0.30 0.12 M 9 to 13 y 574 48.08 8.51 11.35 Standard error   2.06 0.44 0.18 M 14 to 18 y 474 65.58 5.46 12.39 Standard error   4.34 0.57 0.28 M 19 to 30 y 920 69.47 5.72 11.55 Standard error   2.59 0.47 0.22 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 81.15 4.31 11.81 Standard error   2.18 0.30 0.18 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 95.47 4.19 11.10 Standard error   3.35 0.35 0.19 M 71+ y 722 81.58 3.89 8.00 Standard error   3.87 0.51 0.21

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 9.52 47.96 98.58 124.98 156.01 189.39 270.99 0.76 0.83 0.43 0.41 0.60 1.02 2.43 8.10 17.20 71.48 110.89 138.01 174.22 300.69 0.41 0.50 0.83 0.43 0.76 1.31 4.57 8.51 11.87 17.89 26.67 43.27 74.11 130.96 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.17 0.32 0.59 11.44 15.45 21.98 31.78 48.19 75.64 129.14 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.16 0.32 0.72 14.33 19.46 29.03 44.01 68.21 99.01 167.13 0.21 0.15 0.15 0.21 0.32 0.54 1.41 16.42 22.90 34.10 54.40 87.08 136.98 266.04 0.24 0.18 0.19 0.27 0.40 0.96 2.05 17.26 26.34 39.93 63.03 96.41 148.37 262.23 0.20 0.15 0.15 0.19 0.31 0.62 1.46 18.65 27.91 44.07 71.39 116.26 186.22 332.43 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.16 0.24 0.51 1.03 17.90 27.07 44.06 74.38 134.39 252.35 429.42 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.17 0.33 0.67 1.13 13.29 23.30 38.36 64.60 116.93 219.68 404.46 0.21 0.19 0.17 0.25 0.45 0.89 1.66

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 1st 5th F 9 to 13 y 586 43.63 5.44 9.11 Standard error   2.30 0.57 0.22 F 14 to 18 y 455 50.96 3.17 7.05 Standard error   3.18 0.62 0.22 F 19 to 30 y 880 56.87 4.24 7.65 Standard error   2.78 0.38 0.17 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 73.43 4.30 10.01 Standard error   2.42 0.34 0.16 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 82.85 3.89 8.49 Standard error   2.90 0.29 0.17 F 71+ y 669 79.42 2.06 6.47 Standard error   4.20 0.40 0.22 F Pregnant 81 46.37 5.62 10.71 Standard error   4.69 0.00 0.86 F Lactating 44 85.43 0.00 12.65 Standard error   17.85 0.00 1.37 All Individuals 15,941 66.05 3.44 8.24 Standard error   0.74 0.10 0.05 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 66.01 3.46 8.26 Standard error   0.74 0.10 0.05 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 12.64 17.06 24.10 36.70 57.87 89.57 180.64 0.19 0.14 0.14 0.18 0.30 0.61 1.77 11.03 16.83 27.00 43.01 67.99 112.05 216.91 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.23 0.38 0.87 1.88 11.96 18.20 29.19 46.96 76.47 124.47 240.14 0.19 0.13 0.14 0.18 0.31 0.55 1.51 14.79 20.68 34.25 59.02 103.07 179.95 347.92 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.15 0.25 0.57 1.07 14.58 22.60 37.25 64.78 120.67 215.82 394.82 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.17 0.32 0.62 1.05 11.34 19.37 33.20 61.84 116.75 227.76 395.35 0.21 0.18 0.18 0.26 0.53 0.94 1.84 14.11 17.69 26.26 44.57 68.09 110.45 165.89 0.48 0.38 0.45 0.57 0.85 2.21 4.52 18.50 23.78 33.07 60.77 129.08 286.29 510.99 0.91 0.59 0.61 1.21 1.86 7.99 12.56 12.45 18.65 30.51 53.14 95.41 159.43 302.27 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.16 0.35 12.48 18.66 30.50 53.10 95.35 159.30 301.84 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.16 0.35

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc TABLE E-2 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Arsenic (μg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 1st 5th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 1.17 0.00 0.00 Standard error   0.14 0.00 0.00 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 5.87 0.00 0.13 Standard error   2.04 0.00 0.12 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 13.80 0.09 0.28 Standard error   1.31 0.05 0.03 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 17.25 0.15 0.32 Standard error   1.46 0.06 0.03 M 9 to 13 y 574 28.32 0.11 0.37 Standard error   4.90 0.12 0.06 M 14 to 18 y 474 29.77 0.13 0.36 Standard error   5.95 0.11 0.06 M 19 to 30 y 920 36.17 0.10 0.35 Standard error   3.77 0.09 0.04 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 56.30 0.13 0.38 Standard error   3.95 0.06 0.03 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 63.24 0.05 0.30 Standard error   4.27 0.05 0.04 M 71+ y 722 60.31 0.06 0.27 Standard error   6.41 0.08 0.05 F 9 to 13 y 586 19.67 0.13 0.31 Standard error   3.10 0.11 0.06 F 14 to 18 y 455 24.39 0.08 0.24 Standard error   3.79 0.12 0.05 F 19 to 30 y 880 32.99 0.10 0.26 Standard error   3.58 0.08 0.04 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 39.39 0.09 0.25 Standard error   2.85 0.05 0.03 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 53.96 0.06 0.26 Standard error   3.97 0.05 0.04 F 71+ y 669 44.45 0.06 0.22 Standard error   5.42 0.08 0.05 F Pregnant 81 27.61 0.33 0.38 Standard error   10.45 0.00 0.13 F Lactating 44 29.73 0.00 0.35 Standard error   11.01 0.00 0.45 All Individuals 15,941 37.93 0.03 0.25 Standard error   1.02 0.01 0.01 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 37.86 0.03 0.25 Standard error   1.01 0.01 0.01 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.77 2.07 4.95 7.20 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.16 0.23 0.43 0.34 0.68 1.38 2.49 4.72 8.62 41.55 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.21 0.57 2.60 0.48 0.83 1.75 3.79 11.23 32.82 103.28 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.13 0.28 0.89 0.53 0.90 1.70 3.87 14.67 44.88 158.83 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.17 0.31 1.01 0.61 1.07 1.89 5.22 22.87 65.50 234.10 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.12 0.35 0.71 2.65 0.61 1.01 1.95 5.28 20.12 69.43 245.28 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.12 0.37 1.01 2.90 0.59 1.06 2.55 7.99 38.45 112.06 323.83 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.12 0.37 0.74 1.83 0.68 1.26 2.89 9.91 54.42 209.97 554.39 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.10 0.30 0.91 1.32 0.63 1.18 2.63 11.70 74.55 251.96 586.92 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.13 0.36 0.95 1.50 0.51 0.95 2.01 8.91 66.80 237.84 596.56 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.19 0.50 1.45 2.01 0.48 0.75 1.48 3.82 15.63 53.95 166.30 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.10 0.29 0.72 1.80 0.41 0.76 1.73 4.82 18.66 73.48 246.51 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.13 0.36 0.93 2.16 0.46 0.85 1.91 5.66 30.21 93.76 355.42 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.35 0.68 2.00 0.47 0.93 2.11 7.48 40.65 122.39 403.66 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.25 0.65 1.34 0.50 0.92 2.02 7.89 54.91 219.60 521.01 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.11 0.33 0.92 1.35 0.45 0.83 1.73 5.04 41.26 158.11 451.34 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.12 0.45 1.50 1.72 0.54 1.03 2.17 8.74 32.55 69.02 193.49 0.14 0.13 0.17 0.53 0.94 1.64 8.18 0.89 1.53 2.95 6.63 47.36 129.29 299.80 0.26 0.22 0.33 0.42 1.98 4.46 11.43 0.49 0.92 1.98 5.81 32.47 113.75 388.39 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.21 0.46 0.49 0.92 1.98 5.82 32.50 113.34 387.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.21 0.46

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc TABLE E-3 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Copper (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 1st 5th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 0.63 0.00 0.02 Standard error   0.02 0.03 0.04 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 0.65 0.05 0.11 Standard error   0.04 0.00 0.07 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 0.49 0.08 0.15 Standard error   0.01 0.04 0.02 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 0.63 0.16 0.24 Standard error   0.01 0.04 0.02 M 9 to 13 y 574 0.85 0.23 0.34 Standard error   0.03 0.08 0.04 M 14 to 18 y 474 0.96 0.22 0.34 Standard error   0.02 0.10 0.04 M 19 to 30 y 920 1.10 0.18 0.32 Standard error   0.04 0.08 0.03 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 1.13 0.15 0.32 Standard error   0.05 0.06 0.03 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 1.11 0.14 0.28 Standard error   0.04 0.06 0.03 M 71+ y 722 0.91 0.11 0.22 Standard error   0.04 0.08 0.04 F 9 to 13 y 586 0.70 0.19 0.27 Standard error   0.02 0.10 0.04 F 14 to 18 y 455 0.71 0.12 0.22 Standard error   0.02 0.06 0.04 F 19 to 30 y 880 0.73 0.15 0.23 Standard error   0.02 0.06 0.03 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 0.79 0.13 0.22 Standard error   0.03 0.05 0.02 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 0.76 0.11 0.22 Standard error   0.03 0.05 0.02 F 71+ y 669 0.79 0.11 0.21 Standard error   0.05 0.07 0.03 F Pregnant 81 0.86 0.21 0.28 Standard error   0.05 0.00 0.09 F Lactating 44 0.96 0.00 0.31 Standard error   0.07 0.00 0.17 All Individuals 15,941 0.82 0.10 0.22 Standard error   0.01 0.02 0.01 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 0.82 0.11 0.22 Standard error   0.01 0.02 0.01 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.08 0.30 0.58 0.72 0.90 1.06 1.34 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.15 0.15 0.26 0.54 0.74 0.90 1.05 1.26 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.18 0.21 0.28 0.39 0.51 0.67 0.82 1.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.31 0.38 0.49 0.64 0.80 0.96 1.20 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.41 0.51 0.66 0.85 1.09 1.32 1.69 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.44 0.57 0.76 1.02 1.31 1.63 2.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.44 0.59 0.79 1.09 1.46 1.92 2.56 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.11 0.45 0.59 0.80 1.06 1.41 1.80 2.52 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.08 0.39 0.53 0.73 0.99 1.31 1.63 3.25 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.18 0.31 0.45 0.63 0.87 1.14 1.45 2.57 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.22 0.34 0.43 0.56 0.71 0.88 1.06 1.43 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.30 0.41 0.55 0.72 0.95 1.21 1.57 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.31 0.41 0.55 0.76 1.00 1.22 1.53 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.30 0.40 0.56 0.75 0.99 1.25 1.64 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.31 0.40 0.54 0.72 0.94 1.19 1.73 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.10 0.27 0.36 0.50 0.68 0.89 1.08 2.91 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.31 0.35 0.47 0.67 0.93 1.25 1.48 1.75 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.30 0.43 0.60 0.80 0.94 1.25 1.71 2.55 0.00 0.11 0.07 0.07 0.14 0.23 0.22 0.30 0.41 0.57 0.79 1.07 1.39 1.92 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.30 0.41 0.57 0.79 1.07 1.39 1.92 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc TABLE E-4 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Iodine (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 1st 5th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 0.08 0.00 0.00 Standard error   0.00 0.02 0.01 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 0.14 0.00 0.02 Standard error   0.01 0.00 0.04 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 0.30 0.05 0.10 Standard error   0.00 0.03 0.01 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 0.38 0.09 0.13 Standard error   0.01 0.03 0.01 M 9 to 13 y 574 0.49 0.09 0.15 Standard error   0.01 0.04 0.03 M 14 to 18 y 474 0.53 0.09 0.15 Standard error   0.02 0.04 0.03 M 19 to 30 y 920 0.41 0.05 0.11 Standard error   0.01 0.04 0.02 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 0.37 0.06 0.12 Standard error   0.01 0.03 0.01 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 0.33 0.05 0.11 Standard error   0.00 0.04 0.01 M 71+ y 722 0.30 0.05 0.10 Standard error   0.01 0.04 0.02 F 9 to 13 y 586 0.38 0.08 0.13 Standard error   0.01 0.06 0.02 F 14 to 18 y 455 0.33 0.06 0.09 Standard error   0.01 0.05 0.02 F 19 to 30 y 880 0.29 0.04 0.08 Standard error   0.01 0.04 0.02 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 0.26 0.04 0.08 Standard error   0.00 0.03 0.01 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 0.24 0.05 0.08 Standard error   0.00 0.03 0.01 F 71+ y 669 0.23 0.05 0.08 Standard error   0.01 0.03 0.02 F Pregnant 81 0.37 0.05 0.12 Standard error   0.02 0.00 0.05 F Lactating 44 0.41 0.00 0.11 Standard error   0.04 0.00 0.07 All Individuals 15,941 0.32 0.04 0.09 Standard error   0.00 0.01 0.00 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 0.33 0.04 0.09 Standard error   0.00 0.01 0.00 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.20 0.24 0.33 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.11 0.13 0.16 0.22 0.30 0.42 0.54 0.75 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.16 0.20 0.27 0.38 0.56 0.73 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.20 0.25 0.33 0.46 0.73 1.03 1.30 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.20 0.26 0.34 0.49 0.73 1.14 1.60 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.16 0.22 0.30 0.41 0.57 0.77 1.15 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.16 0.21 0.29 0.39 0.51 0.65 0.87 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.15 0.20 0.26 0.35 0.45 0.54 0.66 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.13 0.18 0.24 0.31 0.40 0.48 0.70 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.16 0.21 0.27 0.38 0.54 0.72 0.95 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.16 0.22 0.32 0.49 0.70 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.15 0.21 0.29 0.40 0.56 0.79 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.15 0.20 0.27 0.35 0.46 0.61 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.11 0.14 0.19 0.25 0.32 0.40 0.54 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.10 0.14 0.19 0.24 0.31 0.38 0.51 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.14 0.20 0.29 0.38 0.51 0.65 0.86 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.17 0.14 0.21 0.29 0.41 0.58 0.76 1.35 0.12 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.23 0.42 0.12 0.17 0.23 0.33 0.46 0.62 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.17 0.23 0.33 0.46 0.62 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc TABLE E-5 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Iron (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 1st 5th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 13.71 0.02 0.42 Standard error   0.60 0.09 0.19 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 15.92 0.82 2.65 Standard error   0.83 0.00 0.34 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 9.86 1.37 2.85 Standard error   0.12 0.14 0.09 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 12.27 2.90 4.63 Standard error   0.14 0.25 0.08 M 9 to 13 y 574 16.54 4.04 6.39 Standard error   0.34 0.42 0.17 M 14 to 18 y 474 18.60 3.72 6.35 Standard error   0.50 0.48 0.18 M 19 to 30 y 920 17.00 2.70 5.47 Standard error   0.31 0.29 0.15 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 16.03 2.67 5.38 Standard error   0.19 0.24 0.10 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 14.89 2.16 5.03 Standard error   0.18 0.25 0.10 M 71+ y 722 13.77 2.34 4.34 Standard error   0.28 0.38 0.15 F 9 to 13 y 586 12.54 3.10 4.73 Standard error   0.24 0.40 0.14 F 14 to 18 y 455 12.30 2.36 3.68 Standard error   0.37 0.31 0.16 F 19 to 30 y 880 11.99 2.28 3.63 Standard error   0.22 0.23 0.12 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 11.00 1.82 3.53 Standard error   0.14 0.20 0.08 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 10.79 1.88 3.47 Standard error   0.14 0.19 0.09 F 71+ y 669 10.76 1.73 3.12 Standard error   0.22 0.23 0.14 F Pregnant 81 14.74 3.10 5.43 Standard error   0.95 0.00 0.62 F Lactating 44 17.33 0.00 5.89 Standard error   1.37 0.00 0.70 All Individuals 15,941 13.03 1.74 3.83 Standard error   0.06 0.07 0.03 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 13.05 1.75 3.84 Standard error   0.06 0.07 0.03 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 1.63 5.04 11.04 15.08 21.48 28.03 33.20 0.21 0.26 0.17 0.16 0.27 0.36 0.55 4.05 6.61 12.59 17.54 22.75 30.23 40.30 0.28 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.29 0.57 1.26 4.13 5.47 7.46 10.44 14.03 17.78 22.31 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.17 5.82 7.36 9.59 12.79 16.74 21.54 27.41 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.20 7.94 9.81 12.74 16.99 23.38 28.19 37.26 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.15 0.24 0.45 8.06 10.26 13.75 18.73 26.30 34.94 45.69 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.20 0.30 0.50 7.43 9.74 12.85 17.41 23.80 30.42 41.23 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.13 0.19 0.37 7.29 9.39 12.49 16.57 22.07 29.11 36.88 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.14 0.21 6.67 8.48 11.51 15.57 20.98 26.70 33.76 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.14 0.21 5.80 7.74 10.39 14.12 19.36 25.64 32.96 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.13 0.19 0.34 6.04 7.58 9.96 13.20 17.10 21.43 26.92 0.11 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.23 0.34 5.06 6.84 9.21 12.49 16.93 22.58 29.76 0.14 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.16 0.26 0.46 4.99 6.58 9.14 12.53 16.39 21.70 29.92 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.20 0.33 4.71 6.26 8.41 11.33 15.26 19.83 26.68 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.23 4.72 6.11 8.27 11.23 15.22 19.42 24.68 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.20 4.45 6.08 8.20 11.26 15.32 19.68 24.62 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.19 0.28 6.65 8.49 11.04 14.15 19.74 33.86 38.77 0.19 0.26 0.21 0.24 0.39 0.83 0.69 6.62 8.14 12.36 19.68 26.28 33.92 38.17 0.43 0.26 0.44 0.57 0.42 1.09 0.98 5.27 7.03 9.74 13.51 18.48 24.26 31.65 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.07 5.28 7.04 9.75 13.53 18.51 24.32 31.76 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.07

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc TABLE E-6 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Manganese (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 1st 5th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 0.22 0.00 0.00 Standard error   0.02 0.00 0.00 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 0.79 0.00 0.11 Standard error   0.04 0.00 0.11 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 1.60 0.17 0.45 Standard error   0.02 0.07 0.03 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 1.89 0.40 0.63 Standard error   0.02 0.08 0.03 M 9 to 13 y 574 2.48 0.53 0.82 Standard error   0.05 0.13 0.06 M 14 to 18 y 474 2.89 0.60 0.81 Standard error   0.08 0.14 0.06 M 19 to 30 y 920 3.07 0.31 0.71 Standard error   0.07 0.14 0.06 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 3.27 0.41 0.79 Standard error   0.05 0.09 0.04 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 3.07 0.29 0.73 Standard error   0.04 0.10 0.04 M 71+ y 722 2.82 0.36 0.63 Standard error   0.06 0.10 0.06 F 9 to 13 y 586 2.05 0.46 0.72 Standard error   0.04 0.16 0.06 F 14 to 18 y 455 2.13 0.34 0.57 Standard error   0.07 0.13 0.07 F 19 to 30 y 880 2.34 0.34 0.57 Standard error   0.05 0.09 0.05 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 2.43 0.34 0.64 Standard error   0.03 0.08 0.03 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 2.42 0.34 0.66 Standard error   0.03 0.08 0.04 F 71+ y 669 2.35 0.25 0.57 Standard error   0.05 0.12 0.06 F Pregnant 81 2.87 0.69 0.79 Standard error   0.18 0.00 0.15 F Lactating 44 3.30 0.00 0.80 Standard error   0.28 0.00 0.25 All Individuals 15,941 2.43 0.07 0.49 Standard error   0.01 0.02 0.01 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 2.43 0.07 0.49 Standard error   0.01 0.02 0.01 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.21 0.44 0.65 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.15 0.23 0.36 0.57 0.80 1.15 1.66 2.28 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.19 0.20 0.63 0.87 1.22 1.71 2.32 2.96 3.64 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.84 1.09 1.48 2.00 2.67 3.32 4.11 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.08 1.07 1.40 1.91 2.59 3.50 4.52 5.71 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.13 1.05 1.48 2.17 3.04 4.15 5.32 7.04 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.22 1.06 1.51 2.17 3.15 4.52 6.01 8.15 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.16 1.14 1.58 2.31 3.42 4.83 6.32 8.33 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.12 1.07 1.56 2.26 3.30 4.55 5.66 6.85 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.97 1.41 2.13 3.09 4.22 5.23 6.36 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.90 1.18 1.57 2.14 2.93 3.59 4.58 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.14 0.81 1.09 1.55 2.20 3.00 3.90 5.23 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.20 0.82 1.12 1.64 2.45 3.53 4.59 5.95 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.14 0.86 1.20 1.77 2.58 3.60 4.63 5.88 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.89 1.25 1.82 2.59 3.54 4.46 5.65 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.86 1.19 1.75 2.60 3.47 4.30 5.22 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.13 1.06 1.39 2.10 3.13 4.18 5.88 6.88 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.16 0.40 0.36 1.04 1.55 2.56 3.42 5.16 5.79 8.55 0.33 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.24 0.22 0.49 0.79 1.15 1.71 2.53 3.65 4.79 6.20 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.79 1.15 1.72 2.54 3.65 4.80 6.21 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc TABLE E-7 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Nickel (μg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 1st 5th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 8.96 0.00 0.00 Standard error   1.03 0.00 0.00 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 39.33 0.00 4.92 Standard error   2.23 0.00 0.74 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 81.75 6.57 18.89 Standard error   1.24 0.47 0.21 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 99.29 17.03 30.52 Standard error   1.36 0.48 0.23 M 9 to 13 y 574 127.91 24.84 42.00 Standard error   2.92 1.15 0.44 M 14 to 18 y 474 136.87 16.03 32.21 Standard error   3.95 1.19 0.55 M 19 to 30 y 920 139.71 9.64 25.69 Standard error   3.33 0.74 0.33 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 147.23 13.35 31.05 Standard error   2.41 0.51 0.28 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 140.74 9.88 26.61 Standard error   2.15 0.55 0.26 M 71+ y 722 135.58 10.89 24.04 Standard error   3.13 0.69 0.43 F 9 to 13 y 586 108.69 19.74 31.28 Standard error   2.48 0.98 0.36 F 14 to 18 y 455 101.36 13.12 24.71 Standard error   3.29 0.73 0.51 F 19 to 30 y 880 107.25 13.12 24.84 Standard error   2.37 0.65 0.33 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 106.17 11.15 23.27 Standard error   1.60 0.53 0.21 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 109.36 12.75 27.76 Standard error   1.63 0.58 0.25 F 71+ y 669 108.97 10.19 27.23 Standard error   2.40 0.95 0.37 F Pregnant 81 120.76 19.41 26.36 Standard error   8.10 0.00 1.11 F Lactating 44 162.19 0.00 33.97 Standard error   16.90 0.00 2.94 All Individuals 15,941 114.16 1.03 20.15 Standard error   0.62 0.10 0.09 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 114.33 1.09 20.24 Standard error   0.62 0.10 0.09 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.00 0.00 0.23 5.16 20.35 37.15 51.83 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.26 0.42 0.74 0.70 12.39 17.76 27.22 41.79 58.05 79.72 113.17 0.52 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.57 1.07 1.66 27.38 39.77 59.69 85.82 120.99 155.12 198.55 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.20 0.27 0.52 38.85 51.77 73.78 104.25 144.15 183.76 231.61 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.16 0.22 0.32 0.64 53.35 69.75 97.34 134.79 179.94 228.54 293.55 0.33 0.28 0.26 0.29 0.41 0.67 1.23 49.11 67.89 97.55 140.45 200.81 281.32 352.81 0.43 0.31 0.31 0.37 0.52 0.97 1.25 40.53 61.37 93.53 143.95 208.64 287.08 398.16 0.33 0.23 0.23 0.28 0.38 0.71 1.26 46.83 66.49 100.12 151.98 223.17 299.03 392.21 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.20 0.30 0.44 0.88 41.33 63.94 100.51 149.37 215.60 276.92 353.50 0.21 0.18 0.17 0.20 0.29 0.41 0.74 39.56 62.58 97.52 142.65 211.21 268.70 331.36 0.35 0.28 0.25 0.32 0.44 0.60 0.95 45.46 58.96 80.26 112.36 158.03 210.82 254.62 0.36 0.23 0.24 0.28 0.44 0.62 1.05 34.30 47.49 71.35 105.61 149.98 197.88 254.14 0.28 0.27 0.29 0.33 0.47 0.80 0.99 33.49 48.42 74.77 112.69 161.32 212.00 275.40 0.23 0.21 0.21 0.25 0.35 0.51 0.90 33.71 49.46 74.37 110.73 162.93 215.07 267.32 0.19 0.15 0.14 0.18 0.25 0.35 0.62 38.36 52.83 78.89 116.14 161.62 210.29 272.22 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.25 0.37 0.66 37.77 53.91 80.73 116.99 160.46 206.57 261.05 0.28 0.25 0.23 0.27 0.35 0.60 0.86 37.19 55.66 86.57 131.37 183.69 227.98 311.58 1.09 0.81 0.76 0.86 1.25 2.72 4.42 48.80 62.71 106.45 171.89 249.36 362.28 500.11 0.78 1.28 1.24 1.65 1.76 5.22 3.37 33.70 51.18 78.68 118.66 172.94 231.80 304.12 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.13 0.22 33.77 51.25 78.77 118.83 173.23 232.16 304.61 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.13 0.22

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc TABLE E-8 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Silicon (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 1st 5th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 51.33 0.13 0.73 Standard error   3.43 0.23 0.27 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 43.42 2.25 4.15 Standard error   3.37 0.00 0.43 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 15.34 3.16 5.20 Standard error   0.26 0.18 0.09 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 15.52 4.50 6.75 Standard error   0.15 0.27 0.08 M 9 to 13 y 574 20.13 5.75 8.10 Standard error   0.36 0.34 0.19 M 14 to 18 y 474 24.76 6.59 8.61 Standard error   0.70 0.49 0.17 M 19 to 30 y 920 41.87 4.31 7.64 Standard error   1.48 0.32 0.18 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 36.58 5.36 8.74 Standard error   0.80 0.26 0.12 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 30.58 4.86 8.27 Standard error   0.66 0.30 0.12 M 71+ y 722 24.46 3.28 6.23 Standard error   0.74 0.40 0.17 F 9 to 13 y 586 16.57 4.68 6.52 Standard error   0.29 0.31 0.17 F 14 to 18 y 455 17.10 3.85 5.59 Standard error   0.40 0.35 0.20 F 19 to 30 y 880 21.43 3.85 6.07 Standard error   0.60 0.29 0.14 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 20.63 4.12 6.32 Standard error   0.33 0.25 0.09 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 19.25 3.43 6.09 Standard error   0.26 0.20 0.12 F 71+ y 669 18.04 2.92 5.73 Standard error   0.35 0.29 0.19 F Pregnant 81 22.26 4.61 7.68 Standard error   1.26 0.00 0.61 F Lactating 44 26.77 0.00 8.75 Standard error   1.80 0.00 0.45 All Individuals 15,941 23.92 3.52 6.35 Standard error   0.19 0.08 0.03 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 23.92 3.53 6.36 Standard error   0.19 0.08 0.03 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 4.16 19.00 34.59 44.47 77.45 133.32 182.03 0.34 0.47 0.24 0.29 0.88 0.67 2.49 6.50 10.64 28.82 40.95 65.89 114.13 151.76 0.36 0.34 0.43 0.30 0.91 1.17 1.85 6.64 8.69 11.60 15.44 20.37 25.92 34.80 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.12 0.27 8.06 10.00 12.76 16.38 20.76 25.04 30.59 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.19 10.09 12.89 16.54 21.24 26.81 33.08 40.27 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.15 0.26 0.38 10.93 14.06 19.37 25.58 33.02 41.43 55.10 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.19 0.34 0.62 10.61 14.93 22.53 34.98 62.77 105.67 165.58 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.15 0.30 0.49 0.78 11.94 16.10 22.86 32.84 52.44 80.41 122.98 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.17 0.27 0.55 11.07 14.82 20.70 28.71 40.93 60.48 96.85 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.13 0.29 0.54 9.26 12.56 17.85 24.79 33.00 43.08 62.36 0.15 0.11 0.10 0.12 0.16 0.29 0.67 8.33 10.74 13.81 17.39 22.33 36.34 32.69 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.14 0.17 0.37 7.57 10.16 13.59 18.27 23.18 28.50 35.84 0.18 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.15 0.26 0.45 7.79 10.54 14.72 20.65 29.63 40.63 61.02 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.16 0.28 0.63 8.36 10.92 15.18 21.11 28.49 36.65 51.17 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.16 0.38 8.50 11.27 15.07 20.41 26.30 32.65 41.12 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.14 0.26 7.71 10.39 14.07 19.38 25.27 30.65 39.73 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.13 0.22 0.39 8.93 11.64 17.45 23.85 32.86 38.96 45.60 0.08 0.40 0.31 0.31 0.56 0.56 1.53 11.30 15.66 21.92 28.51 37.01 50.20 56.93 0.75 0.64 0.46 0.50 0.63 0.21 0.53 8.44 11.15 15.53 22.08 31.98 46.27 79.63 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.17 8.45 11.15 15.55 22.11 32.01 46.21 79.28 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.17

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc TABLE E-9 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Zinc (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Sex/Age Categorya Number of Persons Examined Mean Percentile 1st 5th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 6.00 0.00 0.10 Standard error   0.22 0.05 0.10 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 6.30 0.21 0.76 Standard error   0.22 0.00 0.26 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 7.29 1.53 2.70 Standard error   0.08 0.18 0.07 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 9.14 2.31 3.45 Standard error   0.10 0.14 0.07 M 9 to 13 y 574 12.46 3.22 4.80 Standard error   0.24 0.24 0.15 M 14 to 18 y 474 15.08 2.71 4.97 Standard error   0.38 0.44 0.18 M 19 to 30 y 920 14.64 2.18 4.09 Standard error   0.33 0.27 0.11 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 13.38 2.21 4.24 Standard error   0.16 0.23 0.08 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 11.78 1.53 3.60 Standard error   0.15 0.22 0.09 M 71+ y 722 9.56 1.45 2.79 Standard error   0.17 0.26 0.12 F 9 to 13 y 586 9.65 2.04 3.24 Standard error   0.19 0.19 0.14 F 14 to 18 y 455 9.47 1.33 2.58 Standard error   0.24 0.22 0.15 F 19 to 30 y 880 9.33 1.50 2.90 Standard error   0.17 0.24 0.11 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 8.51 1.24 2.49 Standard error   0.11 0.17 0.07 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 7.93 1.32 2.37 Standard error   0.10 0.15 0.08 F 71+ y 669 7.34 1.29 2.20 Standard error   0.15 0.21 0.10 F Pregnant 81 11.09 2.16 4.23 Standard error   0.52 0.00 0.61 F Lactating 44 12.79 0.00 4.59 Standard error   0.97 0.00 0.34 All Individuals 15,941 10.00 1.25 2.84 Standard error   0.05 0.06 0.03 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 10.01 1.26 2.85 Standard error   0.05 0.06 0.03 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.69 2.84 5.52 6.83 8.56 10.32 12.80 0.17 0.20 0.09 0.09 0.14 0.23 0.32 2.17 4.04 5.68 7.03 8.43 10.07 11.75 0.32 0.15 0.12 0.09 0.18 0.22 0.40 3.47 4.43 5.81 7.74 9.99 12.39 15.33 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.13 4.34 5.47 7.23 9.66 12.68 15.65 19.10 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.16 5.90 7.54 9.72 13.13 17.52 21.88 25.20 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.30 6.23 8.53 11.47 15.49 20.96 28.53 36.09 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.18 0.31 0.38 5.68 7.82 10.90 15.33 20.56 27.23 33.31 0.11 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.17 0.26 5.55 7.50 10.44 14.32 18.79 23.52 29.66 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.20 4.80 6.37 9.05 12.57 16.57 21.14 27.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.21 3.99 5.37 7.51 10.30 13.69 16.53 20.61 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.13 0.25 4.39 5.65 7.63 10.16 13.46 17.08 21.07 0.11 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.19 0.28 3.74 5.00 7.38 10.29 13.27 16.46 21.40 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.21 0.36 3.74 5.07 7.07 9.85 13.30 17.08 21.65 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.15 0.25 3.45 4.72 6.59 9.03 12.12 15.36 19.25 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.16 3.29 4.37 6.18 8.51 11.41 14.06 17.06 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.15 2.90 4.06 5.63 7.81 10.61 13.11 16.28 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.15 0.23 5.31 6.53 9.27 11.79 15.99 18.71 20.28 0.31 0.21 0.23 0.19 0.33 0.35 0.46 5.16 6.09 9.38 13.95 20.75 23.75 25.65 0.61 0.14 0.35 0.36 0.53 1.04 0.31 3.91 5.23 7.36 10.41 14.45 18.63 24.22 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.07 3.92 5.24 7.37 10.43 14.48 18.66 24.20 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.06

Representative terms from entire chapter:

usual intake