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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001)

Chapter: E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997

« Previous: D Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 19941996
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 654
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 655
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 656
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 658
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 659
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 660
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 661
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 662
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 663
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 664
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 665
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 666
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 667
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
×
Page 668
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 669
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
×
Page 670
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
×
Page 671
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
×
Page 672
Suggested Citation:"E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 19911997." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 673

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E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 1991–1997 TABLE E-1 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Vitamin K (µg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Number Percentile of Persons Sex/Age Categorya Examined Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 111.39 0.01 0.11 9.52 Standard error 4.73 0.05 0.14 0.76 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 95.12 0.40 4.57 8.10 Standard error 6.96 0.00 0.38 0.41 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 32.11 2.89 5.97 8.51 Standard error 1.03 0.19 0.11 0.09 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 36.64 4.54 8.71 11.44 Standard error 1.17 0.30 0.12 0.09 M 9 to 13 y 574 48.08 8.51 11.35 14.33 Standard error 2.06 0.44 0.18 0.21 M 14 to 18 y 474 65.58 5.46 12.39 16.42 Standard error 4.34 0.57 0.28 0.24 M 19 to 30 y 920 69.47 5.72 11.55 17.26 Standard error 2.59 0.47 0.22 0.20 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 81.15 4.31 11.81 18.65 Standard error 2.18 0.30 0.18 0.14 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 95.47 4.19 11.10 17.90 Standard error 3.35 0.35 0.19 0.14 M 71+ y 722 81.58 3.89 8.00 13.29 Standard error 3.87 0.51 0.21 0.21 654

APPENDIX E 655 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.11 9.52 47.96 98.58 124.98 156.01 189.39 270.99 0.14 0.76 0.83 0.43 0.41 0.60 1.02 2.43 4.57 8.10 17.20 71.48 110.89 138.01 174.22 300.69 0.38 0.41 0.50 0.83 0.43 0.76 1.31 4.57 5.97 8.51 11.87 17.89 26.67 43.27 74.11 130.96 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.17 0.32 0.59 8.71 11.44 15.45 21.98 31.78 48.19 75.64 129.14 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.16 0.32 0.72 11.35 14.33 19.46 29.03 44.01 68.21 99.01 167.13 0.18 0.21 0.15 0.15 0.21 0.32 0.54 1.41 12.39 16.42 22.90 34.10 54.40 87.08 136.98 266.04 0.28 0.24 0.18 0.19 0.27 0.40 0.96 2.05 11.55 17.26 26.34 39.93 63.03 96.41 148.37 262.23 0.22 0.20 0.15 0.15 0.19 0.31 0.62 1.46 11.81 18.65 27.91 44.07 71.39 116.26 186.22 332.43 0.18 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.16 0.24 0.51 1.03 11.10 17.90 27.07 44.06 74.38 134.39 252.35 429.42 0.19 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.17 0.33 0.67 1.13 8.00 13.29 23.30 38.36 64.60 116.93 219.68 404.46 0.21 0.21 0.19 0.17 0.25 0.45 0.89 1.66 continued

656 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE E-1 Continued Number Percentile of Persons Sex/Age Categorya Examined Mean 1st 5th 10th F 9 to 13 y 586 43.63 5.44 9.11 12.64 Standard error 2.30 0.57 0.22 0.19 F 14 to 18 y 455 50.96 3.17 7.05 11.03 Standard error 3.18 0.62 0.22 0.24 F 19 to 30 y 880 56.87 4.24 7.65 11.96 Standard error 2.78 0.38 0.17 0.19 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 73.43 4.30 10.01 14.79 Standard error 2.42 0.34 0.16 0.11 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 82.85 3.89 8.49 14.58 Standard error 2.90 0.29 0.17 0.13 F 71+ y 669 79.42 2.06 6.47 11.34 Standard error 4.20 0.40 0.22 0.21 F Pregnant 81 46.37 5.62 10.71 14.11 Standard error 4.69 0.00 0.86 0.48 F Lactating 44 85.43 0.00 12.65 18.50 Standard error 17.85 0.00 1.37 0.91 All Individuals 15,941 66.05 3.44 8.24 12.45 Standard error 0.74 0.10 0.05 0.04 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 66.01 3.46 8.26 12.48 Standard error 0.74 0.10 0.05 0.04 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

APPENDIX E 657 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 9.11 12.64 17.06 24.10 36.70 57.87 89.57 180.64 0.22 0.19 0.14 0.14 0.18 0.30 0.61 1.77 7.05 11.03 16.83 27.00 43.01 67.99 112.05 216.91 0.22 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.23 0.38 0.87 1.88 7.65 11.96 18.20 29.19 46.96 76.47 124.47 240.14 0.17 0.19 0.13 0.14 0.18 0.31 0.55 1.51 10.01 14.79 20.68 34.25 59.02 103.07 179.95 347.92 0.16 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.15 0.25 0.57 1.07 8.49 14.58 22.60 37.25 64.78 120.67 215.82 394.82 0.17 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.17 0.32 0.62 1.05 6.47 11.34 19.37 33.20 61.84 116.75 227.76 395.35 0.22 0.21 0.18 0.18 0.26 0.53 0.94 1.84 10.71 14.11 17.69 26.26 44.57 68.09 110.45 165.89 0.86 0.48 0.38 0.45 0.57 0.85 2.21 4.52 12.65 18.50 23.78 33.07 60.77 129.08 286.29 510.99 1.37 0.91 0.59 0.61 1.21 1.86 7.99 12.56 8.24 12.45 18.65 30.51 53.14 95.41 159.43 302.27 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.16 0.35 8.26 12.48 18.66 30.50 53.10 95.35 159.30 301.84 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.16 0.35

658 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE E-2 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Arsenic (µg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Number Percentile of Persons Sex/Age Categorya Examined Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 1.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 Standard error 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 5.87 0.00 0.13 0.34 Standard error 2.04 0.00 0.12 0.08 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 13.80 0.09 0.28 0.48 Standard error 1.31 0.05 0.03 0.02 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 17.25 0.15 0.32 0.53 Standard error 1.46 0.06 0.03 0.03 M 9 to 13 y 574 28.32 0.11 0.37 0.61 Standard error 4.90 0.12 0.06 0.05 M 14 to 18 y 474 29.77 0.13 0.36 0.61 Standard error 5.95 0.11 0.06 0.05 M 19 to 30 y 920 36.17 0.10 0.35 0.59 Standard error 3.77 0.09 0.04 0.04 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 56.30 0.13 0.38 0.68 Standard error 3.95 0.06 0.03 0.03 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 63.24 0.05 0.30 0.63 Standard error 4.27 0.05 0.04 0.03 M 71+ y 722 60.31 0.06 0.27 0.51 Standard error 6.41 0.08 0.05 0.05 F 9 to 13 y 586 19.67 0.13 0.31 0.48 Standard error 3.10 0.11 0.06 0.04 F 14 to 18 y 455 24.39 0.08 0.24 0.41 Standard error 3.79 0.12 0.05 0.05 F 19 to 30 y 880 32.99 0.10 0.26 0.46 Standard error 3.58 0.08 0.04 0.04 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 39.39 0.09 0.25 0.47 Standard error 2.85 0.05 0.03 0.03 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 53.96 0.06 0.26 0.50 Standard error 3.97 0.05 0.04 0.03 F 71+ y 669 44.45 0.06 0.22 0.45 Standard error 5.42 0.08 0.05 0.05 F Pregnant 81 27.61 0.33 0.38 0.54 Standard error 10.45 0.00 0.13 0.14 F Lactating 44 29.73 0.00 0.35 0.89 Standard error 11.01 0.00 0.45 0.26 All Individuals 15,941 37.93 0.03 0.25 0.49 Standard error 1.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 37.86 0.03 0.25 0.49 Standard error 1.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

APPENDIX E 659 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.77 2.07 4.95 7.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.16 0.23 0.43 0.13 0.34 0.68 1.38 2.49 4.72 8.62 41.55 0.12 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.21 0.57 2.60 0.28 0.48 0.83 1.75 3.79 11.23 32.82 103.28 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.13 0.28 0.89 0.32 0.53 0.90 1.70 3.87 14.67 44.88 158.83 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.17 0.31 1.01 0.37 0.61 1.07 1.89 5.22 22.87 65.50 234.10 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.12 0.35 0.71 2.65 0.36 0.61 1.01 1.95 5.28 20.12 69.43 245.28 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.12 0.37 1.01 2.90 0.35 0.59 1.06 2.55 7.99 38.45 112.06 323.83 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.12 0.37 0.74 1.83 0.38 0.68 1.26 2.89 9.91 54.42 209.97 554.39 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.10 0.30 0.91 1.32 0.30 0.63 1.18 2.63 11.70 74.55 251.96 586.92 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.13 0.36 0.95 1.50 0.27 0.51 0.95 2.01 8.91 66.80 237.84 596.56 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.19 0.50 1.45 2.01 0.31 0.48 0.75 1.48 3.82 15.63 53.95 166.30 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.10 0.29 0.72 1.80 0.24 0.41 0.76 1.73 4.82 18.66 73.48 246.51 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.13 0.36 0.93 2.16 0.26 0.46 0.85 1.91 5.66 30.21 93.76 355.42 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.35 0.68 2.00 0.25 0.47 0.93 2.11 7.48 40.65 122.39 403.66 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.25 0.65 1.34 0.26 0.50 0.92 2.02 7.89 54.91 219.60 521.01 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.11 0.33 0.92 1.35 0.22 0.45 0.83 1.73 5.04 41.26 158.11 451.34 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.12 0.45 1.50 1.72 0.38 0.54 1.03 2.17 8.74 32.55 69.02 193.49 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.17 0.53 0.94 1.64 8.18 0.35 0.89 1.53 2.95 6.63 47.36 129.29 299.80 0.45 0.26 0.22 0.33 0.42 1.98 4.46 11.43 0.25 0.49 0.92 1.98 5.81 32.47 113.75 388.39 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.21 0.46 0.25 0.49 0.92 1.98 5.82 32.50 113.34 387.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.08 0.21 0.46

660 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE E-3 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Copper (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Number Percentile of Persons Sex/Age Categorya Examined Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 0.63 0.00 0.02 0.08 Standard error 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 0.65 0.05 0.11 0.15 Standard error 0.04 0.00 0.07 0.04 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 0.49 0.08 0.15 0.21 Standard error 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 0.63 0.16 0.24 0.31 Standard error 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01 M 9 to 13 y 574 0.85 0.23 0.34 0.41 Standard error 0.03 0.08 0.04 0.03 M 14 to 18 y 474 0.96 0.22 0.34 0.44 Standard error 0.02 0.10 0.04 0.04 M 19 to 30 y 920 1.10 0.18 0.32 0.44 Standard error 0.04 0.08 0.03 0.03 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 1.13 0.15 0.32 0.45 Standard error 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.02 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 1.11 0.14 0.28 0.39 Standard error 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.02 M 71+ y 722 0.91 0.11 0.22 0.31 Standard error 0.04 0.08 0.04 0.03 F 9 to 13 y 586 0.70 0.19 0.27 0.34 Standard error 0.02 0.10 0.04 0.02 F 14 to 18 y 455 0.71 0.12 0.22 0.30 Standard error 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.04 F 19 to 30 y 880 0.73 0.15 0.23 0.31 Standard error 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.02 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 0.79 0.13 0.22 0.30 Standard error 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.02 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 0.76 0.11 0.22 0.31 Standard error 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.02 F 71+ y 669 0.79 0.11 0.21 0.27 Standard error 0.05 0.07 0.03 0.02 F Pregnant 81 0.86 0.21 0.28 0.35 Standard error 0.05 0.00 0.09 0.09 F Lactating 44 0.96 0.00 0.31 0.43 Standard error 0.07 0.00 0.17 0.00 All Individuals 15,941 0.82 0.10 0.22 0.30 Standard error 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 0.82 0.11 0.22 0.30 Standard error 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

APPENDIX E 661 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.02 0.08 0.30 0.58 0.72 0.90 1.06 1.34 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.15 0.11 0.15 0.26 0.54 0.74 0.90 1.05 1.26 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.18 0.15 0.21 0.28 0.39 0.51 0.67 0.82 1.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.24 0.31 0.38 0.49 0.64 0.80 0.96 1.20 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.34 0.41 0.51 0.66 0.85 1.09 1.32 1.69 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.34 0.44 0.57 0.76 1.02 1.31 1.63 2.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.32 0.44 0.59 0.79 1.09 1.46 1.92 2.56 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.11 0.32 0.45 0.59 0.80 1.06 1.41 1.80 2.52 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.08 0.28 0.39 0.53 0.73 0.99 1.31 1.63 3.25 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.18 0.22 0.31 0.45 0.63 0.87 1.14 1.45 2.57 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.22 0.27 0.34 0.43 0.56 0.71 0.88 1.06 1.43 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.22 0.30 0.41 0.55 0.72 0.95 1.21 1.57 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.23 0.31 0.41 0.55 0.76 1.00 1.22 1.53 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.22 0.30 0.40 0.56 0.75 0.99 1.25 1.64 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.22 0.31 0.40 0.54 0.72 0.94 1.19 1.73 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.10 0.21 0.27 0.36 0.50 0.68 0.89 1.08 2.91 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.31 0.28 0.35 0.47 0.67 0.93 1.25 1.48 1.75 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.30 0.31 0.43 0.60 0.80 0.94 1.25 1.71 2.55 0.17 0.00 0.11 0.07 0.07 0.14 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.30 0.41 0.57 0.79 1.07 1.39 1.92 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.22 0.30 0.41 0.57 0.79 1.07 1.39 1.92 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02

662 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE E-4 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Iodine (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Number Percentile of Persons Sex/Age Categorya Examined Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.01 Standard error 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.02 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 0.14 0.00 0.02 0.05 Standard error 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.03 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 0.30 0.05 0.10 0.13 Standard error 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 0.38 0.09 0.13 0.16 Standard error 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 M 9 to 13 y 574 0.49 0.09 0.15 0.20 Standard error 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.02 M 14 to 18 y 474 0.53 0.09 0.15 0.20 Standard error 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.02 M 19 to 30 y 920 0.41 0.05 0.11 0.16 Standard error 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.02 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 0.37 0.06 0.12 0.16 Standard error 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 0.33 0.05 0.11 0.15 Standard error 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.01 M 71+ y 722 0.30 0.05 0.10 0.13 Standard error 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01 F 9 to 13 y 586 0.38 0.08 0.13 0.16 Standard error 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.02 F 14 to 18 y 455 0.33 0.06 0.09 0.11 Standard error 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.02 F 19 to 30 y 880 0.29 0.04 0.08 0.11 Standard error 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 0.26 0.04 0.08 0.11 Standard error 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 0.24 0.05 0.08 0.11 Standard error 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 F 71+ y 669 0.23 0.05 0.08 0.10 Standard error 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.01 F Pregnant 81 0.37 0.05 0.12 0.14 Standard error 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.05 F Lactating 44 0.41 0.00 0.11 0.14 Standard error 0.04 0.00 0.07 0.12 All Individuals 15,941 0.32 0.04 0.09 0.12 Standard error 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 0.33 0.04 0.09 0.12 Standard error 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

APPENDIX E 663 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.20 0.24 0.33 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.11 0.10 0.13 0.16 0.22 0.30 0.42 0.54 0.75 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.13 0.16 0.20 0.27 0.38 0.56 0.73 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.33 0.46 0.73 1.03 1.30 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.15 0.20 0.26 0.34 0.49 0.73 1.14 1.60 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.11 0.16 0.22 0.30 0.41 0.57 0.77 1.15 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.21 0.29 0.39 0.51 0.65 0.87 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.11 0.15 0.20 0.26 0.35 0.45 0.54 0.66 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.10 0.13 0.18 0.24 0.31 0.40 0.48 0.70 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.16 0.21 0.27 0.38 0.54 0.72 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.16 0.22 0.32 0.49 0.70 0.97 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.15 0.21 0.29 0.40 0.56 0.79 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.15 0.20 0.27 0.35 0.46 0.61 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.19 0.25 0.32 0.40 0.54 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.10 0.14 0.19 0.24 0.31 0.38 0.51 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.14 0.20 0.29 0.38 0.51 0.65 0.86 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.17 0.11 0.14 0.21 0.29 0.41 0.58 0.76 1.35 0.07 0.12 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.23 0.42 0.09 0.12 0.17 0.23 0.33 0.46 0.62 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.12 0.17 0.23 0.33 0.46 0.62 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01

664 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE E-5 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Iron (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Number Percentile of Persons Sex/Age Categorya Examined Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 13.71 0.02 0.42 1.63 Standard error 0.60 0.09 0.19 0.21 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 15.92 0.82 2.65 4.05 Standard error 0.83 0.00 0.34 0.28 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 9.86 1.37 2.85 4.13 Standard error 0.12 0.14 0.09 0.06 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 12.27 2.90 4.63 5.82 Standard error 0.14 0.25 0.08 0.06 M 9 to 13 y 574 16.54 4.04 6.39 7.94 Standard error 0.34 0.42 0.17 0.12 M 14 to 18 y 474 18.60 3.72 6.35 8.06 Standard error 0.50 0.48 0.18 0.13 M 19 to 30 y 920 17.00 2.70 5.47 7.43 Standard error 0.31 0.29 0.15 0.10 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 16.03 2.67 5.38 7.29 Standard error 0.19 0.24 0.10 0.08 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 14.89 2.16 5.03 6.67 Standard error 0.18 0.25 0.10 0.07 M 71+ y 722 13.77 2.34 4.34 5.80 Standard error 0.28 0.38 0.15 0.10 F 9 to 13 y 586 12.54 3.10 4.73 6.04 Standard error 0.24 0.40 0.14 0.11 F 14 to 18 y 455 12.30 2.36 3.68 5.06 Standard error 0.37 0.31 0.16 0.14 F 19 to 30 y 880 11.99 2.28 3.63 4.99 Standard error 0.22 0.23 0.12 0.09 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 11.00 1.82 3.53 4.71 Standard error 0.14 0.20 0.08 0.06 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 10.79 1.88 3.47 4.72 Standard error 0.14 0.19 0.09 0.05 F 71+ y 669 10.76 1.73 3.12 4.45 Standard error 0.22 0.23 0.14 0.10 F Pregnant 81 14.74 3.10 5.43 6.65 Standard error 0.95 0.00 0.62 0.19 F Lactating 44 17.33 0.00 5.89 6.62 Standard error 1.37 0.00 0.70 0.43 All Individuals 15,941 13.03 1.74 3.83 5.27 Standard error 0.06 0.07 0.03 0.02 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 13.05 1.75 3.84 5.28 Standard error 0.06 0.07 0.03 0.02 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

APPENDIX E 665 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.42 1.63 5.04 11.04 15.08 21.48 28.03 33.20 0.19 0.21 0.26 0.17 0.16 0.27 0.36 0.55 2.65 4.05 6.61 12.59 17.54 22.75 30.23 40.30 0.34 0.28 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.29 0.57 1.26 2.85 4.13 5.47 7.46 10.44 14.03 17.78 22.31 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.17 4.63 5.82 7.36 9.59 12.79 16.74 21.54 27.41 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.20 6.39 7.94 9.81 12.74 16.99 23.38 28.19 37.26 0.17 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.15 0.24 0.45 6.35 8.06 10.26 13.75 18.73 26.30 34.94 45.69 0.18 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.20 0.30 0.50 5.47 7.43 9.74 12.85 17.41 23.80 30.42 41.23 0.15 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.13 0.19 0.37 5.38 7.29 9.39 12.49 16.57 22.07 29.11 36.88 0.10 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.14 0.21 5.03 6.67 8.48 11.51 15.57 20.98 26.70 33.76 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.14 0.21 4.34 5.80 7.74 10.39 14.12 19.36 25.64 32.96 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.13 0.19 0.34 4.73 6.04 7.58 9.96 13.20 17.10 21.43 26.92 0.14 0.11 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.23 0.34 3.68 5.06 6.84 9.21 12.49 16.93 22.58 29.76 0.16 0.14 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.16 0.26 0.46 3.63 4.99 6.58 9.14 12.53 16.39 21.70 29.92 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.20 0.33 3.53 4.71 6.26 8.41 11.33 15.26 19.83 26.68 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.23 3.47 4.72 6.11 8.27 11.23 15.22 19.42 24.68 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.20 3.12 4.45 6.08 8.20 11.26 15.32 19.68 24.62 0.14 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.19 0.28 5.43 6.65 8.49 11.04 14.15 19.74 33.86 38.77 0.62 0.19 0.26 0.21 0.24 0.39 0.83 0.69 5.89 6.62 8.14 12.36 19.68 26.28 33.92 38.17 0.70 0.43 0.26 0.44 0.57 0.42 1.09 0.98 3.83 5.27 7.03 9.74 13.51 18.48 24.26 31.65 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.07 3.84 5.28 7.04 9.75 13.53 18.51 24.32 31.76 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.07

666 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE E-6 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Manganese (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Number Percentile of Persons Sex/Age Categorya Examined Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 Standard error 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 0.79 0.00 0.11 0.23 Standard error 0.04 0.00 0.11 0.08 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 1.60 0.17 0.45 0.63 Standard error 0.02 0.07 0.03 0.02 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 1.89 0.40 0.63 0.84 Standard error 0.02 0.08 0.03 0.02 M 9 to 13 y 574 2.48 0.53 0.82 1.07 Standard error 0.05 0.13 0.06 0.05 M 14 to 18 y 474 2.89 0.60 0.81 1.05 Standard error 0.08 0.14 0.06 0.06 M 19 to 30 y 920 3.07 0.31 0.71 1.06 Standard error 0.07 0.14 0.06 0.04 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 3.27 0.41 0.79 1.14 Standard error 0.05 0.09 0.04 0.03 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 3.07 0.29 0.73 1.07 Standard error 0.04 0.10 0.04 0.04 M 71+ y 722 2.82 0.36 0.63 0.97 Standard error 0.06 0.10 0.06 0.05 F 9 to 13 y 586 2.05 0.46 0.72 0.90 Standard error 0.04 0.16 0.06 0.04 F 14 to 18 y 455 2.13 0.34 0.57 0.81 Standard error 0.07 0.13 0.07 0.05 F 19 to 30 y 880 2.34 0.34 0.57 0.82 Standard error 0.05 0.09 0.05 0.04 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 2.43 0.34 0.64 0.86 Standard error 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.03 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 2.42 0.34 0.66 0.89 Standard error 0.03 0.08 0.04 0.03 F 71+ y 669 2.35 0.25 0.57 0.86 Standard error 0.05 0.12 0.06 0.05 F Pregnant 81 2.87 0.69 0.79 1.06 Standard error 0.18 0.00 0.15 0.14 F Lactating 44 3.30 0.00 0.80 1.04 Standard error 0.28 0.00 0.25 0.33 All Individuals 15,941 2.43 0.07 0.49 0.79 Standard error 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 2.43 0.07 0.49 0.79 Standard error 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

APPENDIX E 667 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.21 0.44 0.65 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.15 0.11 0.23 0.36 0.57 0.80 1.15 1.66 2.28 0.11 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.19 0.20 0.45 0.63 0.87 1.22 1.71 2.32 2.96 3.64 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.63 0.84 1.09 1.48 2.00 2.67 3.32 4.11 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.82 1.07 1.40 1.91 2.59 3.50 4.52 5.71 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.13 0.81 1.05 1.48 2.17 3.04 4.15 5.32 7.04 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.22 0.71 1.06 1.51 2.17 3.15 4.52 6.01 8.15 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.16 0.79 1.14 1.58 2.31 3.42 4.83 6.32 8.33 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.12 0.73 1.07 1.56 2.26 3.30 4.55 5.66 6.85 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.63 0.97 1.41 2.13 3.09 4.22 5.23 6.36 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.72 0.90 1.18 1.57 2.14 2.93 3.59 4.58 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.14 0.57 0.81 1.09 1.55 2.20 3.00 3.90 5.23 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.20 0.57 0.82 1.12 1.64 2.45 3.53 4.59 5.95 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.14 0.64 0.86 1.20 1.77 2.58 3.60 4.63 5.88 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.66 0.89 1.25 1.82 2.59 3.54 4.46 5.65 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.57 0.86 1.19 1.75 2.60 3.47 4.30 5.22 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.13 0.79 1.06 1.39 2.10 3.13 4.18 5.88 6.88 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.16 0.40 0.36 0.80 1.04 1.55 2.56 3.42 5.16 5.79 8.55 0.25 0.33 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.24 0.22 0.49 0.49 0.79 1.15 1.71 2.53 3.65 4.79 6.20 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.49 0.79 1.15 1.72 2.54 3.65 4.80 6.21 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03

668 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE E-7 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Nickel (µg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Number Percentile of Persons Sex/Age Categorya Examined Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 8.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 Standard error 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 39.33 0.00 4.92 12.39 Standard error 2.23 0.00 0.74 0.52 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 81.75 6.57 18.89 27.38 Standard error 1.24 0.47 0.21 0.14 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 99.29 17.03 30.52 38.85 Standard error 1.36 0.48 0.23 0.15 M 9 to 13 y 574 127.91 24.84 42.00 53.35 Standard error 2.92 1.15 0.44 0.33 M 14 to 18 y 474 136.87 16.03 32.21 49.11 Standard error 3.95 1.19 0.55 0.43 M 19 to 30 y 920 139.71 9.64 25.69 40.53 Standard error 3.33 0.74 0.33 0.33 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 147.23 13.35 31.05 46.83 Standard error 2.41 0.51 0.28 0.20 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 140.74 9.88 26.61 41.33 Standard error 2.15 0.55 0.26 0.21 M 71+ y 722 135.58 10.89 24.04 39.56 Standard error 3.13 0.69 0.43 0.35 F 9 to 13 y 586 108.69 19.74 31.28 45.46 Standard error 2.48 0.98 0.36 0.36 F 14 to 18 y 455 101.36 13.12 24.71 34.30 Standard error 3.29 0.73 0.51 0.28 F 19 to 30 y 880 107.25 13.12 24.84 33.49 Standard error 2.37 0.65 0.33 0.23 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 106.17 11.15 23.27 33.71 Standard error 1.60 0.53 0.21 0.19 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 109.36 12.75 27.76 38.36 Standard error 1.63 0.58 0.25 0.17 F 71+ y 669 108.97 10.19 27.23 37.77 Standard error 2.40 0.95 0.37 0.28 F Pregnant 81 120.76 19.41 26.36 37.19 Standard error 8.10 0.00 1.11 1.09 F Lactating 44 162.19 0.00 33.97 48.80 Standard error 16.90 0.00 2.94 0.78 All Individuals 15,941 114.16 1.03 20.15 33.70 Standard error 0.62 0.10 0.09 0.06 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 114.33 1.09 20.24 33.77 Standard error 0.62 0.10 0.09 0.06 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

APPENDIX E 669 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.23 5.16 20.35 37.15 51.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.26 0.42 0.74 0.70 4.92 12.39 17.76 27.22 41.79 58.05 79.72 113.17 0.74 0.52 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.57 1.07 1.66 18.89 27.38 39.77 59.69 85.82 120.99 155.12 198.55 0.21 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.20 0.27 0.52 30.52 38.85 51.77 73.78 104.25 144.15 183.76 231.61 0.23 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.16 0.22 0.32 0.64 42.00 53.35 69.75 97.34 134.79 179.94 228.54 293.55 0.44 0.33 0.28 0.26 0.29 0.41 0.67 1.23 32.21 49.11 67.89 97.55 140.45 200.81 281.32 352.81 0.55 0.43 0.31 0.31 0.37 0.52 0.97 1.25 25.69 40.53 61.37 93.53 143.95 208.64 287.08 398.16 0.33 0.33 0.23 0.23 0.28 0.38 0.71 1.26 31.05 46.83 66.49 100.12 151.98 223.17 299.03 392.21 0.28 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.20 0.30 0.44 0.88 26.61 41.33 63.94 100.51 149.37 215.60 276.92 353.50 0.26 0.21 0.18 0.17 0.20 0.29 0.41 0.74 24.04 39.56 62.58 97.52 142.65 211.21 268.70 331.36 0.43 0.35 0.28 0.25 0.32 0.44 0.60 0.95 31.28 45.46 58.96 80.26 112.36 158.03 210.82 254.62 0.36 0.36 0.23 0.24 0.28 0.44 0.62 1.05 24.71 34.30 47.49 71.35 105.61 149.98 197.88 254.14 0.51 0.28 0.27 0.29 0.33 0.47 0.80 0.99 24.84 33.49 48.42 74.77 112.69 161.32 212.00 275.40 0.33 0.23 0.21 0.21 0.25 0.35 0.51 0.90 23.27 33.71 49.46 74.37 110.73 162.93 215.07 267.32 0.21 0.19 0.15 0.14 0.18 0.25 0.35 0.62 27.76 38.36 52.83 78.89 116.14 161.62 210.29 272.22 0.25 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.25 0.37 0.66 27.23 37.77 53.91 80.73 116.99 160.46 206.57 261.05 0.37 0.28 0.25 0.23 0.27 0.35 0.60 0.86 26.36 37.19 55.66 86.57 131.37 183.69 227.98 311.58 1.11 1.09 0.81 0.76 0.86 1.25 2.72 4.42 33.97 48.80 62.71 106.45 171.89 249.36 362.28 500.11 2.94 0.78 1.28 1.24 1.65 1.76 5.22 3.37 20.15 33.70 51.18 78.68 118.66 172.94 231.80 304.12 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.13 0.22 20.24 33.77 51.25 78.77 118.83 173.23 232.16 304.61 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.13 0.22

670 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE E-8 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Silicon (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Number Percentile of Persons Sex/Age Categorya Examined Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 51.33 0.13 0.73 4.16 Standard error 3.43 0.23 0.27 0.34 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 43.42 2.25 4.15 6.50 Standard error 3.37 0.00 0.43 0.36 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 15.34 3.16 5.20 6.64 Standard error 0.26 0.18 0.09 0.06 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 15.52 4.50 6.75 8.06 Standard error 0.15 0.27 0.08 0.07 M 9 to 13 y 574 20.13 5.75 8.10 10.09 Standard error 0.36 0.34 0.19 0.14 M 14 to 18 y 474 24.76 6.59 8.61 10.93 Standard error 0.70 0.49 0.17 0.15 M 19 to 30 y 920 41.87 4.31 7.64 10.61 Standard error 1.48 0.32 0.18 0.13 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 36.58 5.36 8.74 11.94 Standard error 0.80 0.26 0.12 0.10 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 30.58 4.86 8.27 11.07 Standard error 0.66 0.30 0.12 0.09 M 71+ y 722 24.46 3.28 6.23 9.26 Standard error 0.74 0.40 0.17 0.15 F 9 to 13 y 586 16.57 4.68 6.52 8.33 Standard error 0.29 0.31 0.17 0.15 F 14 to 18 y 455 17.10 3.85 5.59 7.57 Standard error 0.40 0.35 0.20 0.18 F 19 to 30 y 880 21.43 3.85 6.07 7.79 Standard error 0.60 0.29 0.14 0.11 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 20.63 4.12 6.32 8.36 Standard error 0.33 0.25 0.09 0.08 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 19.25 3.43 6.09 8.50 Standard error 0.26 0.20 0.12 0.09 F 71+ y 669 18.04 2.92 5.73 7.71 Standard error 0.35 0.29 0.19 0.12 F Pregnant 81 22.26 4.61 7.68 8.93 Standard error 1.26 0.00 0.61 0.08 F Lactating 44 26.77 0.00 8.75 11.30 Standard error 1.80 0.00 0.45 0.75 All Individuals 15,941 23.92 3.52 6.35 8.44 Standard error 0.19 0.08 0.03 0.03 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 23.92 3.53 6.36 8.45 Standard error 0.19 0.08 0.03 0.03 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

APPENDIX E 671 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.73 4.16 19.00 34.59 44.47 77.45 133.32 182.03 0.27 0.34 0.47 0.24 0.29 0.88 0.67 2.49 4.15 6.50 10.64 28.82 40.95 65.89 114.13 151.76 0.43 0.36 0.34 0.43 0.30 0.91 1.17 1.85 5.20 6.64 8.69 11.60 15.44 20.37 25.92 34.80 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.12 0.27 6.75 8.06 10.00 12.76 16.38 20.76 25.04 30.59 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.19 8.10 10.09 12.89 16.54 21.24 26.81 33.08 40.27 0.19 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.15 0.26 0.38 8.61 10.93 14.06 19.37 25.58 33.02 41.43 55.10 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.19 0.34 0.62 7.64 10.61 14.93 22.53 34.98 62.77 105.67 165.58 0.18 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.15 0.30 0.49 0.78 8.74 11.94 16.10 22.86 32.84 52.44 80.41 122.98 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.17 0.27 0.55 8.27 11.07 14.82 20.70 28.71 40.93 60.48 96.85 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.13 0.29 0.54 6.23 9.26 12.56 17.85 24.79 33.00 43.08 62.36 0.17 0.15 0.11 0.10 0.12 0.16 0.29 0.67 6.52 8.33 10.74 13.81 17.39 22.33 36.34 32.69 0.17 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.14 0.17 0.37 5.59 7.57 10.16 13.59 18.27 23.18 28.50 35.84 0.20 0.18 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.15 0.26 0.45 6.07 7.79 10.54 14.72 20.65 29.63 40.63 61.02 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.16 0.28 0.63 6.32 8.36 10.92 15.18 21.11 28.49 36.65 51.17 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.16 0.38 6.09 8.50 11.27 15.07 20.41 26.30 32.65 41.12 0.12 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.14 0.26 5.73 7.71 10.39 14.07 19.38 25.27 30.65 39.73 0.19 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.13 0.22 0.39 7.68 8.93 11.64 17.45 23.85 32.86 38.96 45.60 0.61 0.08 0.40 0.31 0.31 0.56 0.56 1.53 8.75 11.30 15.66 21.92 28.51 37.01 50.20 56.93 0.45 0.75 0.64 0.46 0.50 0.63 0.21 0.53 6.35 8.44 11.15 15.53 22.08 31.98 46.27 79.63 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.17 6.36 8.45 11.15 15.55 22.11 32.01 46.21 79.28 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.17

672 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE E-9 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Intake of Zinc (mg/day) from Food, Total Diet Study (1991–1997) Number Percentile of Persons Sex/Age Categorya Examined Mean 1st 5th 10th Both sexes, 0 to 6 mo 204 6.00 0.00 0.10 0.69 Standard error 0.22 0.05 0.10 0.17 Both sexes, 7 to 12 mo 139 6.30 0.21 0.76 2.17 Standard error 0.22 0.00 0.26 0.32 Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,908 7.29 1.53 2.70 3.47 Standard error 0.08 0.18 0.07 0.04 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,711 9.14 2.31 3.45 4.34 Standard error 0.10 0.14 0.07 0.05 M 9 to 13 y 574 12.46 3.22 4.80 5.90 Standard error 0.24 0.24 0.15 0.10 M 14 to 18 y 474 15.08 2.71 4.97 6.23 Standard error 0.38 0.44 0.18 0.12 M 19 to 30 y 920 14.64 2.18 4.09 5.68 Standard error 0.33 0.27 0.11 0.11 M 31 to 50 y 1,805 13.38 2.21 4.24 5.55 Standard error 0.16 0.23 0.08 0.06 M 51 to 70 y 1,680 11.78 1.53 3.60 4.80 Standard error 0.15 0.22 0.09 0.06 M 71+ y 722 9.56 1.45 2.79 3.99 Standard error 0.17 0.26 0.12 0.09 F 9 to 13 y 586 9.65 2.04 3.24 4.39 Standard error 0.19 0.19 0.14 0.11 F 14 to 18 y 455 9.47 1.33 2.58 3.74 Standard error 0.24 0.22 0.15 0.10 F 19 to 30 y 880 9.33 1.50 2.90 3.74 Standard error 0.17 0.24 0.11 0.07 F 31 to 50 y 1,733 8.51 1.24 2.49 3.45 Standard error 0.11 0.17 0.07 0.05 F 51 to 70 y 1,605 7.93 1.32 2.37 3.29 Standard error 0.10 0.15 0.08 0.06 F 71+ y 669 7.34 1.29 2.20 2.90 Standard error 0.15 0.21 0.10 0.09 F Pregnant 81 11.09 2.16 4.23 5.31 Standard error 0.52 0.00 0.61 0.31 F Lactating 44 12.79 0.00 4.59 5.16 Standard error 0.97 0.00 0.34 0.61 All Individuals 15,941 10.00 1.25 2.84 3.91 Standard error 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.02 All Indiv (+P/L) 16,065 10.01 1.26 2.85 3.92 Standard error 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.02 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: Health Technomics, Inc., 2000.

APPENDIX E 673 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.10 0.69 2.84 5.52 6.83 8.56 10.32 12.80 0.10 0.17 0.20 0.09 0.09 0.14 0.23 0.32 0.76 2.17 4.04 5.68 7.03 8.43 10.07 11.75 0.26 0.32 0.15 0.12 0.09 0.18 0.22 0.40 2.70 3.47 4.43 5.81 7.74 9.99 12.39 15.33 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.13 3.45 4.34 5.47 7.23 9.66 12.68 15.65 19.10 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.16 4.80 5.90 7.54 9.72 13.13 17.52 21.88 25.20 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.30 4.97 6.23 8.53 11.47 15.49 20.96 28.53 36.09 0.18 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.18 0.31 0.38 4.09 5.68 7.82 10.90 15.33 20.56 27.23 33.31 0.11 0.11 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.17 0.26 4.24 5.55 7.50 10.44 14.32 18.79 23.52 29.66 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.20 3.60 4.80 6.37 9.05 12.57 16.57 21.14 27.07 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.21 2.79 3.99 5.37 7.51 10.30 13.69 16.53 20.61 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.13 0.25 3.24 4.39 5.65 7.63 10.16 13.46 17.08 21.07 0.14 0.11 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.19 0.28 2.58 3.74 5.00 7.38 10.29 13.27 16.46 21.40 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.21 0.36 2.90 3.74 5.07 7.07 9.85 13.30 17.08 21.65 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.15 0.25 2.49 3.45 4.72 6.59 9.03 12.12 15.36 19.25 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.16 2.37 3.29 4.37 6.18 8.51 11.41 14.06 17.06 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.15 2.20 2.90 4.06 5.63 7.81 10.61 13.11 16.28 0.10 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.15 0.23 4.23 5.31 6.53 9.27 11.79 15.99 18.71 20.28 0.61 0.31 0.21 0.23 0.19 0.33 0.35 0.46 4.59 5.16 6.09 9.38 13.95 20.75 23.75 25.65 0.34 0.61 0.14 0.35 0.36 0.53 1.04 0.31 2.84 3.91 5.23 7.36 10.41 14.45 18.63 24.22 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.07 2.85 3.92 5.24 7.37 10.43 14.48 18.66 24.20 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.06

Next: F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990 »
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc Get This Book
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This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient.

Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also:

  • Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds.
  • Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role.
  • Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups.
  • Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health.

This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.

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