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Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001)

Chapter: G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994

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Suggested Citation:"G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 680
Suggested Citation:"G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 681
Suggested Citation:"G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 682
Suggested Citation:"G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 683
Suggested Citation:"G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 684
Suggested Citation:"G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 685
Suggested Citation:"G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 686
Suggested Citation:"G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
×
Page 687
Suggested Citation:"G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
×
Page 688
Suggested Citation:"G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
×
Page 689
Suggested Citation:"G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
×
Page 690
Suggested Citation:"G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994." Institute of Medicine. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10026.
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Page 691

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G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 TABLE G-1 Mean and Percentiles for Hemoglobin (g/L), NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean SEMb 5th 10th 25th Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 2,389 120.9 0.2 108.0 110.8 115.7 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 2,910 126.9 0.2 113.5 116.4 121.1 M 9 to 13 y 1,110 135.2 0.5 120.3 123.2 128.3 M 14 to 18 y 830 149.0 0.6 131.6 135.3 141.5 M 19 to 30 y 1,804 154.0 0.4 138.9 142.1 147.1 M 31 to 50 y 2,416 152.0 0.4 135.2 139.3 145.6 M 51 to 70 y 1,874 148.8 0.2 128.7 134.7 141.7 M 71+ y 1,189 143.7 0.6 117.6 125.1 135.8 F 9 to 13 y 1,090 131.8 0.5 117.9 121.3 126.3 F 14 to 18 y 883 132.4 0.5 116.8 120.3 125.9 F 19 to 30 y 1,809 132.8 0.3 115.8 119.8 126.3 F 31 to 50 y 2,805 132.2 0.3 112.9 118.3 126.0 F 51 to 70 y 1,976 135.1 0.3 117.4 121.7 128.3 F 71+ y 1,306 134.1 0.4 113.7 119.5 127.4 F Pregnant 317 121.0 1.0 105.1c 108.9 114.5 F Lactating 96 134.2 2.1 114.7c 117.6c 128.7c F P/L 408 123.9 1.0 106.7c 110.2 115.7 All Individuals 24,391 139.5 0.2 116.8 121.3 129.1 All Indiv (+P/L) 24,799 139.2 0.2 116.4 120.9 128.8 NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Children fed human milk and females who had "blank but applicable" pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded "I don't know" to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. b SEM = standard error of the mean. 680

APPENDIX G 681 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 110.8 115.7 120.4 125.7 130.5 133.3 138.3 c 116.4 121.1 127.2 132.1 136.4 139.2 145.1 123.2 128.3 134.6 141.2 146.3 150.1 161.9c 135.3 141.5 149.4 156.1 161.0 164.2 169.7 c 142.1 147.1 153.7 160.1 164.9 168.5 177.7 c 139.3 145.6 152.2 158.2 164.5 167.8 174.6 c 134.7 141.7 149.1 155.7 162.2 166.6 174.5 c 125.1 135.8 144.2 152.6 159.7 164.3 173.2 c 121.3 126.3 130.6 136.5 143.1 146.2 154.6 c 120.3 125.9 132.5 138.8 143.8 147.3 153.0 c 119.8 126.3 133.0 139.2 144.8 147.7 154.6 c 118.3 126.0 132.5 139.1 145.2 149.5 156.9 121.7 128.3 135.0 141.7 147.8 151.6 158.6c 119.5 127.4 134.1 141.3 147.7 152.4 160.9 c 108.9 114.5 120.7 126.2 136.1 137.9c 148.8c 117.6c 128.7c 134.4 140.2c 146.9c 150.7c 151.9c 110.2 115.7 122.4 131.1 138.9 145.4c 151.3c 121.3 129.1 138.8 149.7 158.1 162.7 170.9 120.9 128.8 138.5 149.5 158.0 162.6 170.8 c These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as indicated in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/ Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutri- tion Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 2000.

682 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE G-2 Mean and Percentiles for Serum Transferrin Saturation (%), NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean SEMb 5th 10th 25th Both sexes, 1 to 3 y 1,935 18.6 0.3 5.6 7.6 11.4 Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 2,865 21.4 0.2 8.9 11.1 15.3 M 9 to 13 y 1,097 22.5 0.5 9.4 11.8 15.5 M 14 to 18 y 836 27.7 0.7 12.4 14.4 19.2 M 19 to 30 y 1,802 30.4 0.4 13.1 16.2 21.8 M 31 to 50 y 2,413 29.1 0.3 15.3 17.0 21.5 M 51 to 70 y 1,879 27.5 0.4 13.0 15.9 20.6 M 71+ y 1,188 27.1 0.4 12.2 14.5 19.6 F 9 to 13 y 1,087 22.6 0.6 8.8 10.7 16.1 F 14 to 18 y 884 23.4 0.5 7.3 10.0 15.9 F 19 to 30 y 1,795 25.4 0.5 8.5 11.3 16.5 F 31 to 50 y 2,802 23.4 0.4 7.3 9.9 15.0 F 51 to 70 y 1,980 23.6 0.3 11.1 13.0 17.0 F 71+ y 1,301 23.9 0.3 11.0 13.2 17.5 F Pregnant 318 22.8 1.0 9.3 c 10.5 14.0 F Lactating 93 25.8c 1.9 10.1c 10.8c 15.3c F P/L 407 23.5 0.8 9.7 c 10.6 14.5 All Individuals 23,864 25.5 0.1 9.6 12.6 17.6 All Indiv (+P/L) 24,271 25.5 0.1 9.6 12.5 17.5 NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Females who had "blank but applicable" pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded "I don't know" to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. b SEM = standard error of the mean.

APPENDIX G 683 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 7.6 11.4 17.6 24.6 29.8 35.3 44.9c 11.1 15.3 20.5 26.6 31.9 37.4 47.5 11.8 15.5 20.9 27.9 33.7 39.2 47.5c 14.4 19.2 25.1 34.8 44.2 49.7 63.6c 16.2 21.8 29.6 36.8 46.0 52.3 68.3c 17.0 21.5 27.5 34.9 43.0 48.9 64.0c 15.9 20.6 26.5 33.2 39.7 45.1 56.5c 14.5 19.6 25.9 33.2 39.9 45.9 65.7c 10.7 16.1 21.3 27.2 34.3 41.2 58.9c 10.0 15.9 22.0 29.5 36.0 44.4 59.6c 11.3 16.5 23.5 31.6 40.6 47.7 67.0c 9.9 15.0 21.4 29.8 39.0 45.1 57.4 13.0 17.0 22.4 28.6 35.2 41.3 54.2c 13.2 17.5 22.2 29.2 35.6 40.7 54.7c 10.5 14.0 21.4 28.5 38.2 43.8c 53.9c 10.8c 15.3c 23.9c 33.6c 45.4c 46.6c 47.7c 10.6 14.5 22.0 29.5 40.7 46.2c 53.4c 12.6 17.6 24.0 31.5 39.8 46.0 59.7 12.5 17.5 24.0 31.4 39.8 46.0 59.6 c These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as indicated in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/ Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutri- tion Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 2000.

684 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE G-3 Mean and Percentiles for Serum Ferritin (µg/L), NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean 5th 10th 25th Both sexes, 1–3 y 2,429 27.9 6.0 9.0 15.0 Both sexes, 4–8 y 2,906 34.1 14.3 17.0 21.8 Standard error 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 M 9–13 y 1,098 38.8 16.2 19.2 25.4 Standard error 1.1 0.7 1.3 1.9 M 14–18 y 837 56.6 20.0 24.0 33.0 Standard error 2.1 1.0 1.1 1.4 M 19–30 y 1,801 131.0 42.0 54.0 80.0 Standard error 2.5 3.2 6.0 6.9 M 31–50 y 2,418 189.4 41.0 60.0 101.0 Standard error 3.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 M 51–70 y 1,877 204.2 37.0 53.0 92.0 Standard error 6.8 2.5 3.1 4.6 M 71+ y 1,189 184.8 28.0 41.0 74.0 Standard error 6.4 1.7 1.9 3.0 F 9–13 y 1,092 36.4 12.3 16.0 22.5 Standard error 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.0 F 14–18 y 888 35.8 9.0 12.0 19.0 Standard error 2.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 F 19–30 years 1,797 47.8 9.0 13.0 22.0 Standard error 1.5 0.6 0.8 1.2 F 31–50 y 2,808 64.0 7.0 11.0 21.0 Standard error 3.1 0.4 0.6 0.8 F 51–70 years 1,980 120.1 19.0 28.0 50.0 Standard error 3.3 1.0 1.2 1.8 F 71+ y 1,300 135.1 21.0 30.0 53.0 Standard error 5.0 1.4 2.3 6.0 F Pregnant 320 37.6 12.0 15.0 22.0 Standard error 3.9 5.3 5.1 4.6 F Lactating 94 47.3 18.0 21.0 29.0 Standard error 6.1 5.6 6.1 5.4 F P/L 410 41.1 11.0 14.0 22.0 Standard error 3.3 1.7 2.1 2.1 All Individuals 24,420 104.3 12.0 18.0 31.0 Standard error 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.5 All Indiv (+P/L) 24,830 103.2 12.0 17.0 31.0 Standard error 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.5 NOTE: The intake distributions for 2–6 months, 7–11 months, and 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but appli- cable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to ques-

APPENDIX G 685 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 9.0 15.0 23.0 34.0 49.0 64.0 17.0 21.8 29.8 41.2 56.6 68.9 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.4 2.1 19.2 25.4 34.8 47.7 63.4 75.2 1.3 1.9 0.9 3.6 3.0 5.0 24.0 33.0 48.0 70.0 99.0 123.0 1.1 1.4 1.9 2.8 4.8 6.9 54.0 80.0 118.0 168.0 224.0 263.0 6.0 6.9 7.0 7.6 6.5 10.0 60.0 101.0 157.0 235.0 355.0 455.0 2.6 2.6 3.3 5.6 8.5 13.0 53.0 92.0 161.0 267.0 408.0 519.0 3.1 4.6 6.9 9.5 13.6 18.4 41.0 74.0 136.0 239.0 385.0 506.0 1.9 3.0 5.7 9.6 15.1 20.9 16.0 22.5 31.7 44.2 60.7 76.4 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.6 3.2 3.7 12.0 19.0 29.0 42.0 63.0 86.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 2.2 6.5 12.3 13.0 22.0 37.0 60.0 94.0 124.0 0.8 1.2 1.5 2.2 3.1 4.6 11.0 21.0 42.0 75.0 133.0 194.0 0.6 0.8 1.8 2.4 5.9 12.9 28.0 50.0 91.0 157.0 247.0 321.0 1.2 1.8 3.2 4.7 7.4 10.8 30.0 53.0 96.0 170.0 281.0 380.0 2.3 6.0 3.0 18.5 12.4 30.4 15.0 22.0 33.0 47.0 65.0 80.0 5.1 4.6 4.0 4.8 9.8 15.5 21.0 29.0 41.0 59.0 81.0 98.0 6.1 5.4 4.7 12.3 19.0 23.3 14.0 22.0 33.0 51.0 77.0 99.0 2.1 2.1 2.5 5.6 8.4 12.0 18.0 31.0 65.0 135.0 237.0 322.0 0.3 0.5 1.0 2.3 3.9 5.4 17.0 31.0 64.0 133.0 235.0 320.0 0.3 0.5 0.9 2.3 3.8 5.3 tions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual serum ferritin distributions are not reliable. a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2000.

686 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE G-4 Mean and Percentiles for Serum Vitamin A (Retinol) (µmol/L), NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean SEMb 5th 10th 25th Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 2,704 1.22 0.01 0.84 0.91 1.04 M 9 to 13 y 1,076 1.43 0.01 0.99 1.06 1.21 M 14 to 18 y 823 1.76 0.02 1.22 1.31 1.52 M 19 to 30 y 1,784 2.01 0.02 1.38 1.50 1.69 M 31 to 50 y 2,397 2.22 0.01 1.43 1.59 1.85 M 51 to 70 y 1,870 2.27 0.02 1.48 1.65 1.90 M 71+ y 1,174 2.34 0.03 1.42 1.62 1.88 F 9 to 13 y 1,070 1.40 0.01 1.01 1.09 1.20 F 14 to 18 y 877 1.61 0.02 1.07 1.16 1.32 F 19 to 30 y 1,786 1.87 0.02 1.14 1.26 1.48 F 31 to 50 y 2,781 1.79 0.02 1.14 1.23 1.44 F 51 to 70 y 1,965 2.14 0.02 1.32 1.48 1.73 F 71+ y 1,282 2.24 0.02 1.32 1.49 1.81 F Pregnant 316 1.47 0.04 0.84c 0.99 1.22 F Lactating 94 1.82c 0.05 1.31c 1.39c 1.53c F P/L 406 1.55 0.03 0.88c 1.04 1.28 All Individuals 21,589 1.93 0.01 1.10 1.22 1.49 All Indiv (+P/L) 21,995 1.92 0.01 1.10 1.22 1.49 NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Females who had "blank but applicable" pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded "I don't know" to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. b SEM = standard error of the mean.

APPENDIX G 687 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.91 1.04 1.20 1.35 1.49 1.58 1.86 1.06 1.21 1.40 1.57 1.81 1.89 2.09c 1.31 1.52 1.71 1.95 2.20 2.34 2.83c 1.50 1.69 1.95 2.23 2.54 2.72 3.10c 1.59 1.85 2.16 2.52 2.88 3.11 3.63c 1.65 1.90 2.21 2.58 2.94 3.17 3.56c 1.62 1.88 2.19 2.65 3.17 3.47 4.62c 1.09 1.20 1.34 1.54 1.72 1.82 2.28c 1.16 1.32 1.55 1.78 2.08 2.34 2.84c 1.26 1.48 1.77 2.16 2.56 2.80 3.27c 1.23 1.44 1.71 2.01 2.36 2.63 3.29 1.48 1.73 2.06 2.41 2.79 3.10 4.10c 1.49 1.81 2.16 2.56 3.00 3.32 4.27c 0.99 1.22 1.45 1.67 1.94 2.21c 2.34c 1.39c 1.53c 1.87c 1.94c 2.24c 2.31c 2.50c 1.04 1.28 1.51 1.78 2.02 2.25c 2.42c 1.22 1.49 1.85 2.25 2.65 2.92 3.51 1.22 1.49 1.84 2.25 2.65 2.92 3.50 c These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as indicated in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/ Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutri- tion Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 2000.

688 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE G-5 Mean and Percentiles for Serum Retinyl Esters (µmol/L), NHANES III (1998–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean SEMb 5th 10th 25th Both sexes, 4 to 8 y 1,026 0.186 0.005 0.035 0.055 0.097 M 9 to 13 y 682 0.177 0.007 0.024 0.045 0.092 M 14 to 18 y 703 0.158 0.004 0.030 0.042 0.082 M 19 to 30 y 1,625 0.183 0.004 0.028 0.047 0.101 M 31 to 50 y 2,220 0.207 0.004 0.030 0.054 0.110 M 51 to 70 y 1,745 0.219 0.006 0.029 0.057 0.106 M 71+ y 1,090 0.196 0.007 0.018 0.038 0.081 F 9 to 13 y 651 0.171 0.005 0.032 0.054 0.090 F 14 to 18 y 770 0.154 0.004 0.024 0.039 0.073 F 19 to 30 y 1,669 0.174 0.004 0.017 0.039 0.089 F 31 to 50 y 2,625 0.187 0.003 0.028 0.049 0.092 F 51 to 70 y 1,809 0.247 0.016 0.038 0.062 0.120 F 71+ y 1,159 0.229 0.005 0.029 0.056 0.110 F Pregnant 268 0.221 0.010 0.048c 0.078 0.142 F Lactating 86 0.189c 0.017 0.031c 0.045c 0.103c F P/L 351 0.212 0.009 0.040c 0.068 0.129 All Individuals 17,774 0.198 0.003 0.028 0.049 0.097 All Indiv (+P/L) 18,125 0.198 0.003 0.028 0.049 0.097 NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Females who had "blank but applicable" pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded "I don't know" to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. b SEM = standard error of the mean.

APPENDIX G 689 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.055 0.097 0.146 0.220 0.295 0.379 0.517 c 0.045 0.092 0.155 0.209 0.276 0.324 0.424 c 0.042 0.082 0.135 0.192 0.238 0.278 0.355 c 0.047 0.101 0.153 0.213 0.290 0.340 0.515 c 0.054 0.110 0.173 0.239 0.340 0.400 0.629 c 0.057 0.106 0.170 0.252 0.342 0.437 0.817 c 0.038 0.081 0.148 0.237 0.331 0.410 0.781 c 0.054 0.090 0.149 0.211 0.264 0.294 0.379 c 0.039 0.073 0.128 0.184 0.249 0.294 0.407 c 0.039 0.089 0.153 0.209 0.277 0.310 0.402 c 0.049 0.092 0.156 0.225 0.302 0.352 0.490 0.062 0.120 0.191 0.274 0.379 0.451 0.868c 0.056 0.110 0.191 0.278 0.383 0.466 0.713 c 0.078 0.142 0.194 0.256 0.330 0.385c 0.621c 0.045c 0.103c 0.167c 0.235c 0.273c 0.327c 0.411c 0.068 0.129 0.189 0.249 0.306 0.369c 0.610c 0.049 0.097 0.161 0.231 0.310 0.377 0.597 0.049 0.097 0.161 0.231 0.310 0.376 0.598 c These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as indicated in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/ Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutri- tion Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 2000.

690 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE G-6 Mean and Percentiles for Urinary Iodine (µg/dL), NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya n Mean SEMb 5th 10th 25th Both sexes, 6 to 8 y 1,369 30.0 1.7 6.0 9.2 15.1 M 9 to 13 y 1,184 96.1 73.7 7.0 9.0 14.3 M 14 to 18 y 876 26.0 1.4 6.0 8.4 12.5 M 19 to 30 y 1,852 21.3 0.9 3.8 5.7 10.0 M 31 to 50 y 2,481 18.2 0.7 2.9 4.6 8.3 M 51 to 70 y 1,896 29.7 6.2 3.6 4.6 8.0 M 71+ y 1,181 33.0 4.1 4.4 5.8 9.5 F 9 to 13 y 1,146 23.3 1.0 4.6 7.0 11.4 F 14 to 18 y 897 26.9 2.8 4.4 6.2 10.5 F 19 to 30 y 1,860 31.9 13.4 2.9 4.6 7.8 F 31 to 50 y 2,886 18.8 1.6 2.1 2.9 5.5 F 51 to 70 y 2,009 23.5 1.8 2.4 3.3 5.8 F 71+ y 1,228 39.7 11.5 3.5 4.4 6.8 F Pregnant 343 19.6 1.1 4.3 c 5.8 9.2 F Lactating 95 16.1c 2.2 2.5 c 2.9 c 8.1 c F P/L 433 18.7 1.0 3.7 c 5.4 9.1 All Individuals 20,865 27.6 2.7 3.0 4.5 8.1 All Indiv (+P/L) 21,298 27.5 2.7 3.0 4.5 8.1 NOTE: Means, standard errors, and percentiles calculated with WesVar Complex Samples 3.0. Females who had "blank but applicable" pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded "I don't know" to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating. b SEM = standard error of the mean.

APPENDIX G 691 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 9.2 15.1 25.5 36.9 53.3 64.0 103.3c 9.0 14.3 23.7 39.6 57.6 70.5 138.8c 8.4 12.5 21.0 30.2 44.6 58.9 117.8c 5.7 10.0 15.3 23.9 38.3 52.7 123.0c 4.6 8.3 13.8 21.6 34.4 45.7 92.3 c 4.6 8.0 14.1 23.2 37.7 50.0 114.4c 5.8 9.5 15.5 27.1 43.8 68.0 193.8c 7.0 11.4 17.9 26.5 42.3 52.2 140.3c 6.2 10.5 17.2 27.5 49.0 66.6 188.4c 4.6 7.8 12.9 19.9 29.4 41.2 98.4 c 2.9 5.5 11.1 19.0 31.9 41.3 94.8 3.3 5.8 11.0 19.0 31.2 44.4 151.8c 4.4 6.8 12.6 21.4 36.1 50.3 131.5c 5.8 9.2 14.0 25.2 39.7 44.8c 72.7 c 2.9 c 8.1 c 10.9c 22.4c 32.3c 36.8c 59.3 c 5.4 9.1 13.1 24.0 38.3 44.7c 72.4 c 4.5 8.1 14.5 23.8 38.6 52.5 115.0 4.5 8.1 14.5 23.8 38.6 52.1 113.4 c These values are potentially unreliable in a statistical sense based on an insufficient sample size as indicated in statistical reporting standards (Life Sciences Research Office/ Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 1995. Third Report on Nutri- tion Monitoring in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 2000.

Next: H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 19881994 »
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc Get This Book
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This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient.

Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also:

  • Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds.
  • Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role.
  • Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups.
  • Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health.

This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.

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