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OCR for page 692
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
H
Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994
TABLE H-1 Mean Serum Retinol Concentrations (μg/dl) by Quartile of Dietary Vitamin A Intake of Individuals Who Were Not Taking Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)
Sex/Age Categorya
n
Quartile
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
M 4–8 y
950
35.6
34.5
35.2
34.4
M 9–13 y
885
39.5
40.5
41.8
39.4
M 14–18 y
698
47.8
49.7
49.9
51.4
M 19–30 y
1,210
54.0
58.2
56.1
56.8
M 31–50 y
1,520
60.7
62.6
62.5
61.7
M 51–70 y
1,035
62.6
59.7
64.2
65.4
M 71+ y
490
62.7
61.7
62.9
62.2
M Total
6,788
54.5
55.8
55.9
55.9
F 4–8 y
926
34.8
34.1
35.3
34.6
F 9–13 y
851
38.9
40.6
38.9
40.9
F 14–18 y
624
42.2
42.0
45.5
46.4
F 19–30 y
833
45.0
44.3
47.3
47.8
F 31–50 y
1,583
47.2
46.9
48.7
48.7
F 51–70 y
871
56.8
56.4
57.7
59.2
F 71+ y
524
58.4
61.5
60.0
59.6
F Total
6,212
46.9
46.9
48.3
48.9
a M = male, F = female.
SOURCE: C. Ballew and C. Gillespie, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, unpublished data.
OCR for page 693
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
TABLE H-2 Mean Serum Retinol Concentrations (μg/dl) by Quartile of Total Vitamin A Intake of Individuals Who Were Taking Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)
Sex/Age Categorya
n
Quartile
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
M 4–8 y
401
—b
33.0
35.6
35.2
M 9–13 y
159
—
33.0
45.0
41.6
M 14–18 y
71
—
52.0
53.0
53.8
M 19–30 y
227
—
—
64.0
60.5
M 31–50 y
360
—
—
63.3
68.4
M 51–70 y
295
—
—
59.4
68.6
M 71+ y
151
—
—
66.2
64.4
M Total
1,664
—
45.9
54.3
59.4
F 4–8 y
380
—
32.0
34.3
35.7
F 9–13 y
185
—
—
34.2
40.8
F 14–18 y
85
—
—
—
46.5
F 19–30 y
202
—
—
41.0
49.5
F 31–50 y
519
35.0
44.0
48.4
51.9
F 51–70 y
271
—
—
53.6
60.4
F 71+ y
194
—
—
59.6
63.0
F Total
1,836
35.0
36.9
44.2
51.2
a M = male, F = female.
b No value could be computed, primarily due to an empty data cell or the absence of sampling strata representation.
SOURCE: C. Ballew and C. Gillespie, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, unpublished data.
OCR for page 694
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
TABLE H-3 Weighted Median Serum Ferritin by Body Mass Index (BMI) Quartiles, Adult Reference Sample, NHANES III (1988–1994)
BMI Quartilea
Men
Women
20–49 y Median
50+ y Median
20–49 y Median
50+ y Median
Non-Hispanic White
Quartile 1
118
138
39
77
Quartile 2
132
156
38
89
Quartile 3
132
165
48
92
Quartile 4
168
172
50
101
Regression Results, BMI (adjusted for age)
Beta
4.007
3.619
1.434
2.358
p
0.0001
0.007
0.014
0.0017
Non-Hispanic Black
Quartile 1
129
207
38
125
Quartile 2
143
146
51
120
Quartile 3
166
206
47
124
Quartile 4
186
191
59
150
Regression Results, BMI (adjusted for age)
Beta
2.786
1.885
0.917
0.58
p
0.0048
NSb
0.03
NS
Mexican American
Quartile 1
90
111
30
90
Quartile 2
128
160
34
87
Quartile 3
137
169
40
93
Quartile 4
178
174
65
112
Regression Results, BMI (adjusted for age)
Beta
6.852
–0.6788
3.192
1.372
p
0
NS
0
0.019
NOTE: Excludes individuals with C-reactive protein levels > 1 and values indicative of iron deficiency for transferrin saturation, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and mean corpuscular volume.
a BMI quartiles were defined using race/ethnicity-, age-, and sex-specific cutoffs.
b NS = not significant.
OCR for page 695
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
TABLE H-4 Lower and Upper Quartiles of Plasma Glucose (mmol/L) and Median Serum Ferritin Levels (μg/L), NHANES III (1988–1994)
Sex/Age Categorya
Lower Quartile of Plasma Glucose
Upper Quartile of Plasma Glucose
Median Plasma Glucose (mmol/L)
Median Serum Ferritin (μg/L)
Median Plasma Glucose (mmol/L)
Median Serum Ferritin (μg/L)
M 20 to 30 y
4.66
108.4
5.57
116.2
M 31 to 50 y
4.77
147.5
5.82
177.8
M 51 to 70 y
4.87
131.2
6.57
188.6
M 71+ y
4.95
122.8
6.72
149.4
F 20 to 30 y
4.41
33.0
5.23
37.3
F 31 to 50 y
4.55
36.4
5.62
44.8
F 51 to 70 y
4.74
73.6
6.19
119.5
F 71+ y
4.90
87.8
6.37
120.0
F P/L
4.17
21.6
5.00
22.0
NOTE: The plasma glucose values used for constructing the lower and upper quartile populations were estimated using WestVarPC 2.12. Median serum ferritin values and plasma glucose values also were estimated with WestVarPC 2.12. Plasma glucose values were measured for individuals 20 years and older. Only individuals who reported fasting 4 or more hours prior to the blood draw and individuals not taking insulin were included in the analyses. Population groups included only those individuals for whom complete food intakes were reported. Females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation, 1999.
OCR for page 696
Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc
TABLE H-5 Lower and Upper Quartiles of Iron Intake from Food (mg/d) and Median Levels of Serum Ferritin (μg/L): Individuals Who Do Not Report Intake of Iron Supplements, NHANES III (1988–1994)
Sex/Age Categorya
Lower Quartile of Iron Intake
Upper Quartile of Iron Intake
Median of Estimated Usual Iron Intake from Food
Median of Observed Serum Ferritin Levels
Median of Estimated Usual Iron Intake from Food
Median of Observed Serum Ferritin Levels
Both sexes, 1 to 3 y
4.6
21.0
16.3
23.5
Both sexes, 4 to 8 y
9.4
29.0
16.9
30.0
M 9 to 13 y
10.4
35.0
21.6
33.0
M 14 to 18 y
12.8
48.0
26.9
50.0
M 19 to 30 y
13.2
111.0
23.6
105.0
M 31 to 50 y
12.6
168.0
24.4
163.0
M 51 to 70 y
10.0
160.0
23.6
148.0
M 71+ y
8.3
148.0
25.1
134.0
F 9 to 13 y
10.5
29.0
16.4
31.0
F 14 to 18 y
7.8
28.0
16.5
25.0
F 19 to 30 y
9.9
33.0
15.4
31.0
F 31 to 50 y
8.4
43.0
16.9
40.0
F 51 to 70 y
7.3
102.0
17.0
93.5
F 71+ y
7.4
107.5
16.9
87.0
F P/L
10.8
32.0
21.1
28.5
All Individuals
9.2
51.0
19.6
49.0
All Individuals (+P/L)
9.2
51.0
19.6
49.0
NOTE: The iron intakes used for constructing the lower and upper quartiles were estimated using the Iowa State University method. Computations of the medians were completed with the C-SIDE program. Children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses.
a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 1999.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
nhanes iii
