Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc

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Table of Contents
Front Matter R1-R24
Summary 1-28
1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes 29-43
2 Overview and Methods 44-59
3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 60-81
4 Vitamin A 82-161
5 Vitamin K 162-196
6 Chromium 197-223
7 Copper 224-257
8 Iodine 258-289
9 Iron 290-393
10 Manganese 394-419
11 Molybdenum 420-441
12 Zinc 442-501
13 Arsenic, Boron, Nickel, Silicon, and Vanadium 502-553
14 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes 554-579
15 A Research Agenda 580-586
Appendix A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intake 587-590
Appendix B Acknowledgments 591-593
Appendix C Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 594-643
Appendix D Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996 644-653
Appendix E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 1991-1997 654-673
Appendix F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990 674-679
Appendix G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 680-691
Appendix H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 692-696
Appendix I Iron Intakes and Estimated Percentile of the Distribution of Iron Requirements from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996 697-703
Appendix J Glossary and Acronyms 704-708
Appendix K Conversion of Units 709-709
Appendix L Options for Dealing with Uncertainties 710-714
Appendix M Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members 715-728
Index 729-769
Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Vitamins 770-771
Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Elements 772-773

reproductive effects, 444, 447, 476, 483

research recommendations, 487-488

and retinol binding protein, 454, 473

risk characterization, 487

serum concentrations, 454, 474, 476, 480

special considerations, 462, 479-480, 487

and stress response, 444, 445, 489

structural role, 15, 443

superoxide dismutase activity, 442, 443, 453, 482, 483

supplements, 56-57, 108, 234, 401, 444, 447, 449-450, 452, 453, 454, 456, 465-466, 467, 476, 478-479, 481, 482, 483, 488, 489, 557, 560, 562, 575

and teratogenesis, 444

and testosterone, 454

and thyroxin, 454, 473

trauma and, 445, 446

and tyrosine kinase, 443

ULs, 18, 2, 17, 27, 442, 481-488, 561-562, 574

uncertainty assessment, 486-487

units, 709

urinary losses, 446, 463, 471, 480

vegetarianis, 451, 479-480, 572, 574

and vitamin A, 97, 99, 104, 106, 108-109

WHO requirements, 458

and Wilson’s disease, 234, 456, 488

Table of Contents

Front Matter R1-R24

Summary 1-28

1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes 29-43

2 Overview and Methods 44-59

3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 60-81

4 Vitamin A 82-161

5 Vitamin K 162-196

6 Chromium 197-223

7 Copper 224-257

8 Iodine 258-289

9 Iron 290-393

10 Manganese 394-419

11 Molybdenum 420-441

12 Zinc 442-501

13 Arsenic, Boron, Nickel, Silicon, and Vanadium 502-553

14 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes 554-579

15 A Research Agenda 580-586

Appendix A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intake 587-590

Appendix B Acknowledgments 591-593

Appendix C Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 594-643

Appendix D Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996 644-653

Appendix E Dietary Intake Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Total Diet Study, 1991-1997 654-673

Appendix F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990 674-679

Appendix G Biochemical Indicators for Iron, Vitamin A, and Iodine from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 680-691

Appendix H Comparison of Vitamin A and Iron Intake and Biochemical Indicators from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 692-696

Appendix I Iron Intakes and Estimated Percentile of the Distribution of Iron Requirements from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996 697-703

Appendix J Glossary and Acronyms 704-708

Appendix K Conversion of Units 709-709

Appendix L Options for Dealing with Uncertainties 710-714

Appendix M Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members 715-728

Index 729-769

Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Vitamins 770-771

Summary Table, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals, Elements 772-773