Includes documentation of tobacco use/ nonuse and lower-extremity edema; blood pressure readings; oxygen therapy or intubation for hypoxic patients.

1,408 patients hospitalized with pneumonia from a nationally representative sample of 7,156 patients hospitalized with any of five conditions (congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, stroke, hip fracture) (Draper et al., 1990).

Medical records for Medicare patients from 297 hospitals in five states (California, Florida, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Texas), July 1, 1985, to June 30, 1986.

52%–90% of patients with pneumonia received appropriate components of care.

Kahn et al., 1990

Includes various components of pneumonia care consistent with prevailing standards of care.

1,343 patients≥65 years old hospitalized with pneumonia.

National Medicare claims data and medical records, October 1, 1994, to September 30, 1995

89% had oxygenation assessment within 24 hours of hospital arrival, 76% received antibiotics within 8 hours of arrival, 69% had blood cultures within 24 hours of arrival, and 57% had blood cultures collected before initial antibiotic administration.

Meehan et al., 1997