National Academies Press: OpenBook

The Mono Basin Ecosystem: Effects of Changing Lake Level (1987)

Chapter: Appendix A: Birds of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics

« Previous: 6. Ecological Responses to Changes in Lake Level
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Birds of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics." National Research Council. 1987. The Mono Basin Ecosystem: Effects of Changing Lake Level. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1007.
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Page 213
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Birds of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics." National Research Council. 1987. The Mono Basin Ecosystem: Effects of Changing Lake Level. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1007.
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Page 214
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Birds of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics." National Research Council. 1987. The Mono Basin Ecosystem: Effects of Changing Lake Level. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1007.
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Page 215
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Birds of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics." National Research Council. 1987. The Mono Basin Ecosystem: Effects of Changing Lake Level. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1007.
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Page 216
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Birds of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics." National Research Council. 1987. The Mono Basin Ecosystem: Effects of Changing Lake Level. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1007.
×
Page 217
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Birds of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics." National Research Council. 1987. The Mono Basin Ecosystem: Effects of Changing Lake Level. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1007.
×
Page 218
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Birds of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics." National Research Council. 1987. The Mono Basin Ecosystem: Effects of Changing Lake Level. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1007.
×
Page 219
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Birds of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics." National Research Council. 1987. The Mono Basin Ecosystem: Effects of Changing Lake Level. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1007.
×
Page 220
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Birds of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics." National Research Council. 1987. The Mono Basin Ecosystem: Effects of Changing Lake Level. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1007.
×
Page 221
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Birds of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics." National Research Council. 1987. The Mono Basin Ecosystem: Effects of Changing Lake Level. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1007.
×
Page 222
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Birds of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics." National Research Council. 1987. The Mono Basin Ecosystem: Effects of Changing Lake Level. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1007.
×
Page 223
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Birds of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics." National Research Council. 1987. The Mono Basin Ecosystem: Effects of Changing Lake Level. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1007.
×
Page 224
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Birds of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics." National Research Council. 1987. The Mono Basin Ecosystem: Effects of Changing Lake Level. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/1007.
×
Page 225

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Appendixes

Appendix A Birds of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics LEGEND. Habitat (1 = lake, 2 ~ exposed lake bed, 3 a marsh, 4 ~ riparian zones, 5 = sagebrush-steppe, 6 ~ conifer forests, 7 = alpine); Season (I = spring (AMJ), 2 ~ summer (JAS), 3 = fall (OND), 4 = winter (JFM)); Status (I = summer resident, 2 = migrant or visitor, 3 = winter resident); Peak Ponutations (I = Ins, 2 = 100s, 3 - 1000s, 4 = 10,000s, 5 = 100,000s); ResDonse to Disturbances (A z lowering lake level, B a decreasing streamflows, C 5 controlling fire, D 3 increasing grazing), 0 ~ no response likely, + = increased population, - = decreased population. Response to Peak Disturbances Population Species Habitat Season Status Size A B C D Red-throated Loon 1 2,4 2 1 0 0 0 0 Arctic Loon 1 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 Common Loon 1 1-4 1,2 1 0 0 0 0 Pied-billed Grebe 1 1-3 1,2 1-2 0 0 0 0 Horned Grebe 1 1-3 1,2 1 0 0 0 0 Eared Grebe 1 1-4 1,2,3 2-5 0 0 0 0 Western Grebe 1 1-4 2 1 0 0 0 0 White Pelican 1 1-4 2 1 0 0 0 0 Double-crested Cormorant 1 1-3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Pelagic Cormorant 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 American Bittern 3 1-3 1,2 1 - - 0 0 Least Bittern 3 2 1 1 - - 0 0 Great Blue Heron 1-5 1-3 1,2 1 215

216 Species The Mono Basin Ecosystem Habitat Season Response to Peak Disturbances Population Status Size A B C D Great Egret 1,3 1-3 2 1 - - O O Snowy Egret 1,3 1,2 2 1 - - O O Cattle Egret 5 1-4 2 1 0 0 - + Green-backed Heron 1,3 1-3 2 1 - - O O Black-crowned Night-Heron 3 1,2 2 1 - - O O White-faced Ibis 1 1,2 2 1 - - O O Tundra Swan 1 3-4 2 1 0 0 0 0 Trumpeter Swan 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Snow Goose 1 3-4 2 1 0 0 0 0 Ross' Goose 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Greater White-fronted Goose 1 1,3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Canada Goose 1-3,5 1-4 2 1-2 Brant 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 Green-winged Teal 1,3 1-4 1-3 3 - - O O Mallard 1,3 1-4 1-3 3 - - O O Northern Pintail 1,3 1-4 I-3 3 - - O O Blue-winged Teal 1,3 1,2 2 1 - - O O Cinnamon Teal 1,3 1-4 1,2 3 - - O O Northern Shoveler 1,3 1-4 1-3 3 - - O O Gadwall 1,3 1-4 1-3 3 - - O O American Wigeon 1 1-4 1-3 2 0 0 0 0 Canvasback 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Redhead 1 1-4 2 1 0 0 0 O Ring-necked Duck 1 1-3 2 2 0 0 0 0 Greater Scaup 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 Lesser Scaup 1 1,3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Black Scoter 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0

Appendix A 217 . Response to Peak Disturbances Population Species Habitat Season Status Size A B C D Surf Scoter 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 White-winged Scoter 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Common Goldeneye 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Bufflehead 1 1,3 2 2 0 0 0 0 Hooded Merganser 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Common Merganser 1 1,3 2 2 0 0 0 0 Red-breasted Merganser 1 1,3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Ruddy Duck 1 1-4 1-3 3 0 0 0 0 Turkey Vulture 1-6 1-4 2 1 0 0 - + Osprey 1 1,3 2 1 0 - 0 0 Mississippi Kite 4 1 2 1 0 - 0 0 Bald Eagle 1,4 1,3,4 2 1 0 - 0 0 Northern Harrier 3,5 1-4 2 1 0 Sharp-shinned Hawk 4,5,6 1-4 1-3 1 0 - + Cooper's Hawk 4,5,6 1-4 1-3 1 0 - + Northern Goshawk 4,6 1-4 1-3 1 0 - + Red-shouldered Hawk 4 1-3 2 1 0 - 0 0 Swainson's Hawk 4,5 1,2 2 1 0 0 Red-tailed Hawk 4,5,6 1-4 1-3 2 0 Rough-legged Hawk 3,5 3,4 2 1 0 0 Golden Eagle 4,5,6 1-4 1-3 1 0 0 American Kestrel 3,4,5,6 1-4 1-3 2 0 Merlin 3,4,5,6 1,3,4 2 1 0 0 - - Peregrine Falcon 2-5 1,3 2 1 0 0 Prairie Falcon 2-5 1-4 1-3 1 0 Chuckar 5 1-4 1,3 2 0 0 - - Blue Grouse 6 1-4 1,3 2 0 0 + White-tailed Ptarmigan 5,7 1-4 1,3 2 0 0 - -

218 The Mono Basin Ecosystem Response to Peak Disturbances Population Habitat Season Status Size A B C D Sage Grouse 5 1-4 1,3 2 0 0 California Quail 4,5 1-4 1,3 1 0 Mountain Quail 4,6 1-4 1,3 2 0 Virginia Rail 3 1-4 2 1 - - O O Sora 1-2 1,2 2 - - O O Common Moorhen 3 1 2 1 - - O O American Coot 1-3 1-4 1-3 3 - - O O Black-bellied Plover 1,2 1-3 2 1 + - O O Lesser Golden Plover 1,2 1-3 2 1 + - O O Snowy Plover 1,2 1,2 1,2 2 + - O O Semipalmated Plover 1,2 1-3 2 2 + - O O Killdeer 1,2,3,5 1-4 1-3 2 + - - + Mountain Plover 1,2 2 2 1 + - O O Black-necked Stilt 1,2 1,2 2 1 + - O O American Avocet 1,2 1,2 2 3 + - O O Greater Yellowlegs 1,2 1,2 2 2 + - O O Lesser Yellowlegs 1,2 1,2 2 1 + - O O Solitary Sandpiper 1,2,3 1,2 2 1 - - O O Willet 1,2 1,2 2 1 + - O O Wandering Tattler 1,2 1,2 2 1 + - O O Spotted Sandpiper 1,2,3,4 1,2 1,2 2 - - O O Whimbrel 1,2 1,2 2 1 + - O O Long-billed Curlew 1,2 1,2 2 1 + - O O Marbled Godwit 1,2 1,2 2 1 + - O O Ruddy Turnstone 1,2 1,2 2 1 + - O O Red Knot 1,2 1,2 2 1 + - O O Sanderling 1,2 1,2 2 1 + - O O Semipalmated Sandpiper 1,2 1,2 2 1 + - O O

Appendix A Species Habitat Season 1 -4 Least Sandpiper White-rumped Sandpiper Baird's Sandpiper Pectoral Sandpiper Dunlin Short-billed Dowitcher Long-billed Dowitcher Common Snipe Wilson's Phalarope Red-necked Phalarope Red Phalarope Pomarine Jaeger Parasitic Jaeger Long-tailed Jaeger Bonaparte's Gull Ring-billed Gull California Gull Herring Gull Sabine's Gull Caspian Tern Common Tern Forster's Tern Black Tern Marbled Murrelet Band-tailed Pigeon 4,5,6 White-winged Dove Mourning Dove 4,5,6 1-4 Yellow-billed Cuckoo 219 Status 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2,3 1,2,3 1,2,3 1,2,3 1 -5 1 -5 1,4 1 4 4,5. 4 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1,2 2,3 1,3 1 -3 1 -3 1 -4 1,2 2 1,2 2 2,3 2 2 2 1,2 2 2 2 1-3 2 1-4 2 1 -4 3-4 3 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 2 1,2 1 1 1 -3 Response to Peak Disturbances Population Size A B C D 3 4 4 4 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1-3 2 2 1 + + _ 0 0 O O · _ 0 0 _ 0 0 _ 0 0 _ 0 0 _ 0 0 _ 0 0 0 _ O O O _ 0 0 0 O O O O o o o o O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O o O O O O O O — _ _ O - O O O - - O O - O O

220 Species The Mono Basin Ecosystem Habitat Season Peak Population Status Size Common Barn-Owl 3,4,5 1-3 2 1 0 0 - - Flammulated Owl 5,6 1,2 1,2 1 0 0 + 0 Western Screech Owl 4 1,3 2,3 1 0 - 0 0 Great Horned Owl 4,5,6 1-3 1,2 2 0 - + Northern Pigmy Owl 4,5,6 1-4 1,3 1 0 - + Burrowing Owl 5 2,3 2 1 0 0 + + Long-eared Owl 4,5,6 1-4 1-3 1 0 - + Short-eared Owl 3,5 1-3 2 1 0 0 - + Northern Saw-whet Owl 4,6 1-3 2 1 0 - + 0 Common Nighthawk 3,5 1,2 1,2 2 0 0 0 Common Poorwill 5 1,2 1,2 2 0 0 0 Black Swift 1-7 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Chimney Swift 1-7 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 Vaux's Swift 1-7 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 White-throated Swift 1-7 1,2 1,2 1 0 0 0 0 Black-chinned Hummingbird 4,5 1,2 2 1 0 - 0 0 Anna's Hummingbird 4,5 2 2 1 0 - 0 0 Calliope Hummingbird 4,5,6 1,2 1,2 2 0 Broad-tailed Hummingbird 4,5 1,2 2 1 0 - 0 0 Rufous Hummingbird 4,5,6 1,2 1,2 2 0 - - - Belted Kingfisher 1,3,4 1-4 1,2,3 1 0 - 0 0 Lewis' Woodpecker 4,6 1-3 1,2 2 0 Acorn Woodpecker 6 2 2 1 0 0 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 4 2,3 2 1 0 - + 0 Red-breasted Sapsucker 4,6 1-4 1-3 3 0 - + O Williamson's Sapsucker 6 1-4 1-3 1 0 0 + 0 Nuttall's Woodpecker 4 2,3 2 1 0 - + 0 Downy Woodpecker 4 1-4 1-3 2 0 - + 0

A ppend ix A Species Hairy Woodpecker White-headed Woodpecker Black-backed Woodpecker Northern Flicker Olive-sided Flycatcher Western Wood Pewee Hammond's Flycatcher Dusky Flycatcher Willow Flycatcher Gray Flycatcher Western Flycatcher Black Phoebe Say's Phoebe Vermillion Flycatcher Ash-throated Flycatcher Western Kingbird Horned Lark Tree Swallow Violet-green Swallow Bank Swallow Northern Rough-winged Swallow Cliff Swallow Barn Swallow Steller's Jay Scrub Jay Pinyon Jay Clark's Nutcracker Habitat Season 4,6 6 6 1 -4 1 -4 1 -4 4,5,6 1-4 4,6 1,2 4,6 1,2 4,6 1,2 4,5,6 1,2 4 1,2 5 1,2 4,6 1,2 5 1 5,6 1-3 3 4,5,6 4,5 4 4,6 1,3 4 1,2 1-5 1,2 1-5 1-3 4,5,6 1-4 5 1-4 5,6 1-4 6 1-4 Peak Population Status Size 1-3 3 1-3 1 1-3 1 1 -3 1,2 1,2 3 2 1,2 2 1,2 ~ 1-4 1-3 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 2 2 2 1,2 3 0 - 1,2 1 1,2 1,2 1,2 3 1,2 2 1,2 3 1,2 3 1-3 3 1-3 2 1-3 2 1-3 3 221 Response to Disturbances A B C D O - + O O O + O O O + O O — + _ O - - O O - + O O - + t) O - - O O O O - O O O O O - O O O O O O O O - + O - - O O - - O O O O O - o o o O O O O O O O - - O O - - O O - - O , _ + _

222 Species The Mono Basin Ecosystem Habitat Season Response to Peak Disturbances Population Status Size A B C D Black-billed Magpie 5 1-4 1-3 2 0 American Crow 5 1,3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Common Raven 1-6 1-4 1-3 2 0 - - + Mountain Chickadee 4,6 1-4 1-3 3 0 - - O Plain Titmouse 5,6 1-4 1-3 2 0 0 + O Bushtit 5,6 1-4 1-3 2 0 0 + O Red-breasted Nuthatch 6 1-4 1-3 2 0 0 + O White-breasted Nuthatch 6 1-4 1-3 3 0 0 + O Pygmy Nuthatch 6 1-4 1-3 3 0 0 + O Brown Creeper 4,6 1-4 1-3 3 0 - + O Rock Wren 5,6 1,2 1-3 2 0 - + O Canyon Wren 5,6 1-4 1-3 1 0 - + O Bewick's Wren 4,5 1-4 2,3 2 0 - + O House Wren 4,5 1,2 1,2 3 0 - - + Winter Wren 4 1,3,4 2 1 0 0 + O Marsh Wren 3 1-4 1-3 3 - - O O American Dipper 1,4 1-4 1-3 2 - - O O Golden-crowned Kinglet 4,6 1-4 1-3 2 0 - + O Ruby-crowned Kinglet 4,5,6 1-3 1,2 3 0 - + Blue-gray Gnatcatcher 5 1,2 1,2 2 0 0 Mountain Bluebird 5,6 1-4 1-3 2 O O Townsend's Solitair 4,6 1-4 1-3 2 0 - + O Swainson's Thrush 4 1,2 1,2 1 O - + O Hermit Thrush 6 1-3 1,2 2 0 0 + O American Robin 4,5,6 1-4 1-3 3 0 Varied Thrush 4,6 1-3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Northern Mockingbird 5 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Sage Thrasher 5 1,2 1,2 2 0 0

Appendix A 223 Response to Peak Disturbances Population Species Habitat Season Status Size A B C D Water Pipit 1,2,5 1-3 1,2 2 - - 0 Bohemian Waxwing 6 3,4 2 1 0 0 0 0 Cedar Waxwing 4,5,6 1-3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Phainopepla 4,5 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Northern Shrike 4,5,6 3,4 2 1 0 0 0 0 Loggerhead Shrike 5 1-3 1,2 1 0 0 European Starling 2,4,5 1-4 1-3 2 0 - - ~ Solitary Vireo 4,6 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Warbling Vireo 4,6 1,2 1,2 2 0 - + 0 Tennessee Warbler 4 1,3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Orange-crowned Warbler 4,5 1-3 1,2 2 0 - ~ 0 Nashville Warbler 4,5,6 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Virginia's Warbler 4,6 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Northern Parula 4 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 Yellow Warbler 4 1,2 1,2 3 0 - + Chestnut-sided Warbler 4 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Yellow-rumped Warbler 4,5,6 1-3 1,2 3 0 - Black-throated Gray Warbler 4,6 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Townsend's Warbler 4,6 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Hermit Warbler 4,6 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Prairie Warbler 4 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Palm Warbler 4 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 Blackpoll Warbler 4 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Black-and-white Warbler 4 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 American Redstart 4 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Ovenbird 4 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 MacGillivray's Warbler 4,S 1,2 1,2 2 0 - - -

224 The Mono Basin Ecosystem Response to Peak Disturbances Population Species Habitat Season Status Size A B C D Common Yellowthroat 3,4 1,2 2 2 0 - O O Hooded Warbler 4 1,3 2 1 0 0 0 0 Wilson's Warbler 4,6 1,2 1,2 3 0 - + O Yellow-breasted Chat 4 1,2 1,2 1 0 - + O Summer Tanager 4 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Western Tanager 4,5,6 1,2 1,2 2 0 - + O Rose-breasted Grosbeak 4 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Black-headed Grosbeak 4,6 1,2 1,2 2 0 - + O Lazuli Bunting 4,5 1,2 1,2 1 0 Indigo Bunting 4 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Green-tailed Towhee 5 1,2 1,2 3 0 Rufous-sided Towhee 4,5 1-4 1-3 3 0 American Tree Sparrow . 4,5 3,4 2 1 0 0 0 0 Chipping Sparrow 5,6 1,2 1,2 3 0 - - + Brewer's Sparrow 5 1,2 1,2 3 0 0 Black-chinned Sparrow 5 1,2 1,2 1 0 0 Vesper Sparrow 5 1,2 1,2 2 0 0 Lark Sparrow 5 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Black-throated Sparrow 5 1,2 1,2 1 0 0 Sage Sparrow 5 1-4 1-3 3 0 0 Lark Bunting 5 1,2 2 1 0 0 0 0 Savannah Sparrow 1,3,5 1-4 1-3 3 Fox Sparrow 5 1,2 1,2 3 0 0 Song Sparrow 3,4,5 1-4 1-3 3 0 Lincoln's Sparrow 4,5 1-4 1,3 1 0 - - - Swamp Sparrow 3 1,3,4 2 1 0 - O O White-throated Sparrow 4 3,4 2 1 0 0 0 0 Golden Crowned Sparrow 4,5 1,3,4 2 1 0 0 0 0

Appendix A Species White-crowned Sparrow Harris' Sparrow Dark-eyed Junco McGown's Longspur Lapland Longspur Chestnut-collared Longspur Bobolink Red-winged Blackbird Western Meadowlark Yellow-headed Blackbird Rusty Blackbird Brewer's Blackbird Great-tailed Grackle Brown-headed Cowbird Orchard Oriole Hooded Oriole Northern Oriole Rosy Finch Purple Finch Cassin's Finch House Finch Red Crossbill Pine Siskin Lesser Goldfinch Lawrence's Goldfinch American Goldfinch Evening Grosbeak House Sparrow 225 Habitat Season 1-4 1-3 1,3,4 2 1-4 1-3 4 2 3 2 1,3 2 2 2 1 -4 1 -4 1,2 3 2 2 Peak Population Status Size 1-3 1,2 1,2 1,2 2 2 1,2 1,2 1-4 1-3 2,3 1,2 1 -4 1 -4 1,2 1,3,4 1 -4 1 -4 Responses to Disturbances A B C D 1-3 3 1-3 3 1,2 2 3 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 1-3 3 0 - - + 2 1 -3 1,2 1 -3 1 -3 1,2 2 2 O - O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O - O O O — - + O O - _ 0 0 O O O O O O O O O — - + O O O O O O O O O - - O O O - O O O O O O - O - + O O - + O

Next: Appendix B: Mammals of the Mono Basin and Their Ecological Characteristics »
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Mono Basin is a closed hydrologic basin spanning the border between California and Nevada. Los Angeles has been diverting streams since 1941 that normally would flow into Mono Lake. It has been predicted that continued diversion will have major ecological consequences for the natural resources of the Mono Basin National Forest Scenic Area. This book studies the ecological risk assessment that considers the effects of water diversions on an inland saline lake. It examines the hydrology of the Mono Basin, investigates the lake's physical and chemical systems, studies the biological relationships, and predicts the effects of changes in lake levels on the ecosystem.

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