Classifying Drinking Water Contaminants for Regulatory Consideration (2001)

DEBORAH L.SWACKHAMER, Chair, is a professor in the Division of Environmental and Occupational Health in the School of Public Health at the University of Minnesota. Her research involves assessment of contaminants in the environment and associated risks to public health and the environment. She has published dozens of papers on topics ranging from inventories of xenobiotic organic compounds in the Great Lakes, to analytical methods for contaminant detection, to bioaccumulation of organochlorine compounds in fish and multimedia approaches for modeling human exposure. She has served on the executive committee of the Division of Environmental Chemistry of the American Chemical Society, the Board of Directors of the International Association for Great Lakes Research, and the Science Advisory Committee of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Great Waters program. She is currently a member of the Science Advisory Board of the International Joint Commission of the U.S. and Canada. She previously served on the National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Coastal Oceans. Dr. Swackhamer received her B.A. in chemistry from Grinnell College in Iowa, and her M.S. in water chemistry and Ph.D. in oceanography and limnology from the University of Wisconsin, Madison.

R.RHODES TRUSSELL, Vice Chair, is the lead drinking water technologist and director for corporate development at Montgomery Watson, Inc. Dr. Trussell chairs the EPA Science Advisory Board’s Committee on Drinking Water. He has served on several NRC committees, is currently a member of the Water Science and Technology Board, and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Dr. Trussell received

his B.S. in civil engineering and his M.S. and Ph.D. in sanitary engineering from the University of California, Berkeley.

FRANK J.BOVE is a senior epidemiologist for the Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch of the Division of Health Studies, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Dr. Bove has published several papers and reports on the epidemiology of exposure to drinking water contaminants and related adverse health effects. He received a B.A. in political science and philosophy from the University of Pennsylvania and an M.S. in environmental health science and Sc.D. in epidemiology from the Harvard School of Public Health.

LAWRENCE J.FISCHER is a professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and is the director of the Institute for Environmental Toxicology at Michigan State University. He serves as chairperson of the Michigan Environmental Science Board. His primary research interest is biochemical toxicology. Specific research includes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs and chemicals and toxicity of chemicals to the endocrine pancreas. Dr. Fischer received his B.S. and M.S. in pharmacy from the University of Illinois and his Ph.D. in pharmaceutical chemistry from the University of California, San Francisco.

WALTER GIGER is a professor at the ETH Zurich and at the University of Karlsruhe. He is the director of the Division for Chemical Pollutants at the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Zurich. His research, teaching, and consulting activities focus on organic compounds in the environment and in the geosphere. Research topics include development of analytical techniques for identification of organic pollutants in drinking water, wastewater, and natural waters; investigation of sources, occurrences, and fate of organic pollutants in wastewater and drinking water; and evaluation of chemical, physical, and biological processes that determine the environmental fate of chemicals. Dr. Giger received his B.S. and Ph.D. in chemistry from ETH Zurich.

JEFFREY K.GRIFFITHS is director of the Graduate Programs in Public Health and an associate professor of family medicine and community health at Tufts University School of Medicine. His research is focused on the biology and epidemiology of the emerging waterborne disease cryptosporidiosis and the use of micronutrients to boost the immune systems of malnourished children. He currently serves on the

EPA’s National Drinking Water Advisory Council and has represented the National Association of People with AIDS to the EPA Drinking Water Microbial Disinfection and Byproducts Committee. Dr. Griffiths received an A.B. in chemistry from Harvard College, his M.D. from Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and his M.P.H.&T.M. from the Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. He is board certified in pediatrics, internal medicine, and infectious diseases.

CHARLES N.HAAS is the Betz Chair Professor of Environmental Engineering at Drexel University. He was formerly a professor and acting chair in the Department of Environmental Engineering at the Illinois Institute of Technology. His areas of research involve microbial and chemical risk assessment, hazardous waste processing, industrial wastewater treatment, waste recovery, and water and wastewater disinfection processes. He has chaired a number of professional conferences and workshops, has served as a member of several advisory panels to the EPA, and is currently on an advisory committee to the Philadelphia Department of Health. Dr. Haas has served on several NRC committees, including the Committee on the Evaluation of the Viability of Augmenting Potable Water Supplies with Reclaimed Water and the Committee to Review the New York City Watershed Management Strategy. He currently serves on the NRC Committee on Toxicants and Pathogens in Biosolids Applied to Land. Dr. Haas received a B.S. in biology and an M.S. in environmental engineering from the Illinois Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. in environmental engineering from the University of Illinois.

NANCY K.KIM is director of the Division of Environmental Health Assessment of the New York State Department of Health and an associate professor in the School of Public Health at the State University of New York, Albany. Her research interests include chemical risk assessment, exposure assessment, toxicological evaluations, structure-activity relationships, and quantitative relationships among toxicological parameters. She received her B.A. in chemistry from the University of Delaware and her M.S. and Ph.D. in chemistry from Northwestern University.

DAVID M.OZONOFF is a professor in and chair of the Department of Environmental Health in Boston University’s School of Public Health. His research centers on health effects on communities exposed to various kinds of toxic chemicals, new approaches to understanding the results of small case-control studies, and the effects of exposure misclassification

in environmental epidemiology. He has studied public health effects resulting from exposure to a number of contaminated sites. Dr. Ozonoff received his M.D. from Cornell University in 1967 and his M.P.H. from the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health.

REBECCA T.PARKIN is an associate research professor in the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health in the School of Public Health and Health Services at the George Washington University. Previously, Dr. Parkin was director of scientific, professional, and section affairs at the American Public Health Association and assistant commissioner of the Division of Occupational and Environmental Health at the New Jersey Department of Health. Her areas of expertise include environmental epidemiology, public health policy, risk assessment, and risk communication. She is a former member of the NRC’s Water Science and Technology Board. Dr. Parkin received her A.B. in sociology from Cornell University and her M.P.H. in environmental health and Ph.D. in epidemiology from Yale University.

CATHERINE A.PETERS is an associate professor in the Program of Environmental Engineering and Water Resources in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Princeton University. Her areas of expertise include environmental chemistry, engineering statistics, and environmental risk assessment. Her research combines experimental investigation and mathematical modeling to understand the processes governing the behavior of organic contaminants that are complex chemical mixtures. She is particularly interested in tractable mathematical and analytical methods that adequately describe the chemistry of complex mixtures and provide meaningful information that can be used in risk assessment. Dr. Peters received her B.S.E. in chemical engineering from the University of Michigan and her M.S. in civil engineering and Ph.D. in civil engineering-engineering and public policy from Carnegie Mellon University.

JOAN B.ROSE is a professor in the College of Marine Science at the University of South Florida. Her research interests include methods for detection of pathogens in wastewater and the environment, water treatment for removal of pathogens, wastewater reuse, and occurrence of viruses and parasites in wastewater sludge. Dr. Rose served on the NRC Committee on Wastewater Management for Coastal Urban Areas and the Committee on Potable Water Reuse. She is currently the vice chair of the NRC’s Water Science and Technology Board and is a member of the

Board on Life Sciences. Dr. Rose received a B.S. in microbiology from the University of Arizona, an M.S. in microbiology from the University of Wyoming, and a Ph.D. in microbiology from the University of Arizona.

PHILIP C.SINGER is a professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering in the School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, where he is also director of the School’s Drinking Water Research Center. Dr. Singer was formerly a member of NRC’s Water Science and Technology Board and served on the Committee on U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Research. A member of the National Academy of Engineering, he has published more than 150 papers and reports principally concerned with aspects of water chemistry and drinking water quality. He is currently a member of the Drinking Water Committee of EPA’s Science Advisory Board. Dr. Singer received his B.S. in civil engineering from Cooper Union and his M.S. and Ph.D. in environmental sciences and engineering from Harvard University.

PAUL G.TRATNYEK is an associate professor in the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology. He is also an affiliated scientist with the Center for Coastal and Land-Margin Research and the Center for Groundwater Research. His research primarily involves a wide range of oxidation-reduction reactions that can occur in the environment and the contribution of these reactions to the fate of organic pollutants. Examples include oxidations by chlorine dioxide and oxidations of gasoline oxygenates, such as methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE). Dr. Tratnyek received his B.A. in chemistry from Williams College and his Ph.D. in applied chemistry from the Colorado School of Mines.

MARK C.GIBSON is a staff officer at the NRC’s Water Science and Technology Board and the study director for this report. As a research associate, he has supported this study since its inception and helped prepare the committee’s first two reports, Setting Priorities for Drinking Water Contaminants and Identifying Future Drinking Water Contaminants. He is also study director for the Committee to Improve the USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Mr. Gibson

received his B.S. in biology from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his M.S. in environmental science and policy in biology from George Mason University.

ELLEN A.DE GUZMAN is a senior project assistant at the NRC’s Water Science and Technology Board. She received her B.A. degree from the University of the Philippines. She has worked with a number of studies including Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply, Issues in Potable Reuse, Valuing Ground Water, New Directions in Water Resources Planning for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and Improving American River Flood Frequency Analyses. She co-edits the WSTB newsletter and manages the WSTB homepage.