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Aging Avionics in Military Aircraft (2001)

Chapter: References

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. Aging Avionics in Military Aircraft. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10108.
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References

Air Force Magazine. 1999. Eight Straight. Journal of the Air Force Association 82(12): 68-70.

Alexander, C. 1977. A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction, Oxford , United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.

Borky, J.M., A. Frink, R.N. Lachenmaier, and J.P. Messing. 1998. Architectures for Next Generation Military Avionics Systems. Unpublished white paper handout, IEEE Aerospace Conference, Snowmass, Colorado, March 2000.

CBO (Congressional Budget Office). 2000. Budget Options for National Defense. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Budget Office.

DoD (U.S. Department of Defense). 1999a. DoD Joint Technical Architecture (JTA), Version 3.0. Available on line at: http://www-jta.itsi.disa.mil/.

DoD. 1999b. DoD Joint Technical Architecture Development Group Charter. Available on line at: http://www-jta.itsi.disa.mil/.

DoD. 2000. The Defense Acquisition System. Directive 5000.1 . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense, Deputy Secretary of Defense.

DoD. 2001. Mandatory Procedures for Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPs) and Major Automated Information System (MAIS) Acquisition Programs. Directive 5000.2-R (Interim). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense, Under Secretary of Defense, Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics.

Donatelli, G. 2000. F-15 Avionics Challenges. Presentation by Lt. Col Geoffrey Donatelli, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, to the Committee on Aging Avionics in Military Aircraft, Dayton Marriott Hotel, Dayton, Ohio, May 2, 2000.

DSB (Defense Science Board). 1999. Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Acquisition Reform, Phase IV. Subpanel on Research and Development. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology.

Durante, B. 2000. Air Force Funding. Presentation by Blaise Durante, Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, to the Committee on Aging Avionics in Military Aircraft, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., August 17, 2000.

DUSD (AT&L) (Deputy Under Secretary of Defense [Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics]). 2000. Product Support for the 21st Century: A Year Later. Report of the Section 912(c) Study Group for Product Support, September 2000. Washington, D.C.: Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics).

Ebersole, D.C. 2000. Affordable Avionics Solicitation Approach. Presentation by Douglas Ebersole, Aeronautical Systems Center, to the Committee on Aging Avionics in Military Aircraft, Dayton Marriott Hotel, Dayton, Ohio, May 3, 2000 .

FAA (Federal Aviation Administration). 2000. Paper on reusable software components. Draft #6 dated June 25, 2000. Certification Authorities Software Team (CAST). #P-40, titled Guidelines for the Reuse of Software Life Cycle Data, dated June 22, 2000.

Hitt, E. 2000. AIAA Brief on Aging Avionics. Presentation by Ellis Hitt, AIAA Digital Avionics Technical Committee, to the Committee on Aging Avionics in Military Aircraft, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., March 27, 2000.

Logan, G.T. 2000. Presentation to NRC on A Vision for Weapon System Electronics Acquisition through the Modular Open Systems Approach to the Committee on Aging Avionics in Military Aircraft, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., March 27, 2000.

NRC (National Research Council). 1997. Ada and Beyond: Software Policies for the Department of Defense. Committee on the Past and Present Contexts for the Use of Ada in the Department of Defense, National Research Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

PBR (President's Budget Request). 2000. U.S. Air Force Committee Staff Procurement Backup Book. FY 2001 Amended Budget Request. Aircraft Procurement, Air Force. Volumes I and II. Office of responsibility: Secretary of the Air Force/Financial Management Budget (SAF/ FMB). February 2000.

Raggio, R. 2000. Affordable Combat Avionics. Presentation by Lt. Gen. Robert Raggio, Commander, Aeronautical Systems Center, to the Committee on Aging Avionics in Military Aircraft, Dayton Marriott Hotel, Dayton, Ohio, May 2, 2000.

TACTech. 1997. TACTech Data Service Database on obsolescence in military/aerospace devices. Available on line at: http://www.tactech.com/.

U.S. Air Force. 1999. Air Mobility Strategic Plan 2000. Scott Air Force Base, III: Headquarters Air Mobility Command.

U.S. Air Force. 2000a . Total Ownership Cost (AFTOC) Management Information System. Arlington, Va.: Air Force Cost Analysis Agency.

U.S. Air Force. 2000b. Air Force Fact Sheets. Available on line at: http://www.af.mil/news/factsheets .

Warshofsky, F. 1994. The Battle to Own the World's Technology. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Wasson, J. 2000 Smiths Industries. Presentation by J. Wasson, Component Obsolescence Management for Rotorcraft Avionics Equipment, to the Committee on Aging Avionics in Military Aircraft , National Research Council. Washington, D.C., June 8, 2000.

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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2001. Aging Avionics in Military Aircraft. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10108.
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Extending the life of an airframe has proven challenging and costly. Extending the life of an avionics system, however, is one of the most critical and difficult aspects of extending total aircraft system lifetimes. Critical components go out of production or become obsolete, and many former suppliers of military-grade components have gone out of business. From 1986 to 1996, for example, the percentage of discontinued military/aerospace electronic devices nearly doubled—from 7.5 percent to 13.5 percent. In addition, legacy avionics systems, which were designed to meet requirements of the past, generally lack the full capability to perform new missions, meet new threats, or perform well in the new information-intensive battlefield environments.

As the legacy aircraft fleet ages, avionics systems will become more and more difficult to support and maintain. Whereas the military once provided a large and profitable market for the electronics industry, the military electronics market today constitutes less than 1 percent of the commercial market. As a result, the military must increasingly rely on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technologies for its avionics hardware and software. Although COTS items are generally less expensive than comparable items designed especially to meet military specifications, the technology-refresh cycle for COTS is typically 18 months or less, which exacerbates the obsolescence problem for aircraft whose lifetimes are measured in decades. The short refresh cycle is driven mostly by the tremendous advances in computer systems, which comprise an increasing percentage of avionics content.

In response to a request by the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition, the National Research Council convened the Committee on Aging Avionics in Military Aircraft, under the auspices of the Air Force Science and Technology Board, to conduct this study. This report summarizes the following:

  • Gather information from DoD, other government agencies, and industrial sources on the status of, and issues surrounding, the aging avionics problem. This should include briefings from and discussions with senior industry executives and military acquisition and support personnel. A part of this activity should include a review of Air Force Materiel Command's study on diminishing manufacturing sources to recommend ways to mitigate avionics obsolescence.
  • Provide recommendations for new approaches and innovative techniques to improve management of aging avionics, with the goal of helping the Air Force to enhance supportability and replacement of aging and obsolescing avionics and minimize associated life cycle costs. Comment on the division of technology responsibility between DoD and industry.

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