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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

Index

A

Access restrictions, see Confidentiality and privacy; Eligibility; Program participation; Sanctions; Time limits

Administration for Children and Families (ACF)

well-being of children, 316–352

Administrative data and studies, 2, 6–7, 196–352

see also Caseload measures;

Program participation;

Taxation

access and confidentiality, see “confidentiality” infra

AFDC, 6, 200, 202, 203–204, 214, 225, 249, 276, 278, 283, 300, 355, 418–427

caseload heterogeneity, 473, 481–496

child well-being, 318, 324, 326, 329–338 (passim)

leavers, 8–9, 249, 388(n.1), 416, 417–472 (passim)

alcohol and drug abuse, 199, 249

birth certificates, 197, 202, 204, 221, 327

child abuse and neglect, 318, 323, 327, 331–337, 344, 345, 346

child well-being, 7, 251, 316–352, 504, 505

education, 316, 319, 328, 337–341, 344, 345

eligibility, 318, 321, 323, 324–325, 326, 329, 331

leaver studies, 324, 331

state government role, 318, 327–331

TANF, 316–317, 318, 324–325, 326, 327, 331–337 (passim), 343, 344, 346

children, data cleaning, 202–203

cleaning methods, 6, 197, 199–205, 211–212, 217, 304

confidentiality, 6–7, 220–274, 304, 305, 504

adolescents, educational records, 339–340

age factors, 228

Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, 7, 238–239, 242

children, 7, 339–341, 345–346

cost factors, 222, 258, 263, 273–274

criminal records, 238–239, 255–256, 263

educational attainment, 228, 338–340

food stamps, 225, 226–227, 240, 249

funding, 236, 242, 246

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

legislation, 6–7, 222, 223–224, 232, 233–241, 246, 247, 255–257, 266–267, 268, 271–274

criminal penalties for breeches, 238–239, 254–256, 263, 268, 274

linkage of data and, 216–217, 220, 222–223

organizational factors, 243–254, 258–259, 262–264, 265, 266, 267–268

Institutional Review Boards, 88, 92, 125, 236–237, 266–267

private contract researchers, 239, 241, 243–254

socially sensitive data, 221, 230–231

standards, 233–237, 243–258

state government role, 6–7, 222–223, 238–258, 267–268, 271–274

statistical analyses, 224–225, 255, 258–262, 267

tax records, 304, 305

technical assistance, 256–257, 267

cost factors, 199, 200, 201, 278

confidentiality, 222, 258, 263, 273–274

criminal records, 206, 238–239, 255–256, 263

death certificates, 327, 328

defined, 197, 224–225

eligibility, general, 220–274, 304, 305, 504

children, 318, 321, 323, 324–325, 326, 329, 331

linkage, 216–217, 220, 222–223

employment, 6, 7, 69, 228, 239, 275–279, 287–288, 289, 290–315, 400– 403, 406–408, 422–441 (passim), 505

Job Training Partnership Act, 246, 278, 291, 295–302, 310–312

leaver studies, 389, 394, 400–408, 412–413, 415, 416–443 (passim), 448, 453–463, 464, 468

survey data vs administrative data, 6, 275–279, 287–288, 289, 295–303, 311

unemployment insurance records, 7, 69, 132, 203, 225, 249, 276(n.3), 277, 278, 287, 290–312, 403, 406–408, 413, 417–422, 431–431, 442–445, 451, 462

families and households, general, 278, 317, 319, 320, 400, 473

food stamps, 283

child well-being, 318, 320, 324, 331, 343

cleaning and matching of data, 197, 203, 225, 226–227, 409

confidentiality, 225, 226–227, 240, 249

leaver studies, 401–402, 409, 432–435, 445, 446, 448–449, 450, 463

funding, 207, 236, 242, 246

gender factors,

caseload heterogeneity, 473, 474, 478, 481, 482–499

data matching, 204, 212

linking, 25, 210, 212, 216, 229

geographic factors,

cleaning of data, 202–203, 212

confidentiality, 228, 261

juvenile justice system, 342

linkage of data, 207, 212, 216

incentives, survey data vs, 277

income and earnings, 7, 275, 329

caseload heterogeneity, 474, 478–479, 486, 488, 489, 492–496 (passim)

leaver studies, 389, 394, 409–411, 413, 416–417, 432–436, 439, 441–450, 454–464 (passim), 468, 469, 470, 472

survey data vs administrative data, 6, 275–279, 287–288, 289, 295–303, 311

unemployment insurance records, 7, 69, 132, 203, 225, 249, 276(n.3), 277, 278, 287, 290–312, 403, 406–408, 413, 417–422, 431, 442–445, 451, 462

in-person interviews and, 4, 89

leaver studies, 389, 390–393, 395–399, 400–408, 411–443 (passim), 448, 453–463, 464, 468

AFDC data, 8–9, 249, 388(n.1), 416, 417–472 (passim)

child well-being, 324, 331

employment and income, 389, 394, 400–408, 412–413, 415, 416–443 (passim), 448, 453–463, 464, 468

food stamps, 401–402, 409, 432–435, 445, 446, 448–449, 450, 463

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

linkage/matching of data, 6, 7, 41, 49, 60, 93, 132, 134, 141, 143, 153, 154, 167–168, 171, 173, 174, 175, 197, 198, 204–219, 220, 222–223, 224–227, 228–229, 235–238, 241, 244, 252, 261, 264, 268, 276, 287–288, 298, 504

child well-being, 336, 343, 344, 346

gender factors, 210, 212, 216, 229, 252

leaver studies, 402–403, 408, 409, 411, 412, 417–422

longitudinal studies, 207, 336

standards, 211–212, 235–237

statistical analyses, 205(n.2), 206, 209–211, 213–217

measurement error, 277, 292–295, 304–305

qualitative studies vs, 356, 357, 377, 378

race/ethnicity,

caseload heterogeneity, 482, 486, 488, 489, 493

cleaning of data, 204, 212

confidentiality and privacy, 228–229

linking of data, 210, 212, 216, 228–229

sampling, 208, 261, 277, 278, 346

sharing of data, see “linkage…” supra

Social Security numbers, 58, 60, 69, 74, 208, 209, 210, 211, 214–216, 228, 238, 239, 287–288, 298, 343, 402–403

standards, 211–212, 233–237, 243–258

state government role, 6–7, 56–58, 69, 138–139, 142–143, 218, 222–223, 225–226, 292

child well-being, 318, 327–331

confidentiality issues, 6–7, 222–223, 238–258, 267–268, 271–274

statistical analyses, 224–225

confidentiality, 224–225, 255, 258–262, 267

linkage, 205(n.2), 206, 209–211, 213–217

survey data vs administrative data,

child well-being, 324, 338, 346

income and employment, 6, 275–279, 287–288, 289, 295–303, 311

leaver studies, 406–408

taxation, 277, 278, 285–286

survey respondents, error of measurement, 167–168, 171, 173, 174, 175, 182

survey response and, 27, 50, 57, 132, 133–134, 142–143, 287–288, 411

TANF, 6, 134, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 214, 224, 225, 249, 278, 283, 355, 400–403, 431, 432, 437, 445, 446

child well-being, 316–317, 318, 324–325, 326, 327, 331–337 (passim), 343, 344, 346

telephone surveys and, 57, 58, 60, 69, 70–71, 74

unemployment insurance records, 7, 69, 132, 203, 225, 249, 276(n.3), 277, 278, 287, 290–312, 403, 406–408, 413, 417–422, 431–431, 442–445, 451, 462

vital statistics, 75, 225, 323, 327–331

Adolescents

education, privacy rights, 339–340

educational attainment, 228

health status, 322, 323, 327

incentives, surveys, 106–107, 121

income and employment, 300–301

in-person interviews, 90, 93

juvenile justice system, 7, 75, 328, 341–343, 344, 345

qualitative studies, 375

AFDC, see Aid to Families with Dependent Children

African Americans, see Black persons

Age factors

see also terms beginning “Child” and “Children”

caseload heterogeneity, 482

confidentiality and privacy, 228

elderly persons, 33, 111, 171, 368

leaver studies, 428, 447–448, 451, 456, 467

survey respondents, error of measurement, 167–168, 171, 176

survey response, general, 29, 33, 37, 43, 135–136, 137–138, 142, 167–168, 171, 176

Aggregation and disaggregation of data, 205, 220, 252, 259, 260, 286

see also Matching, administrative data

child health status, 322, 329

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

Aid to Families with Dependent Children, 1, 220, 316

see also Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

administrative data, 6, 200, 202, 203–204, 214, 225, 249, 276, 278, 283, 300, 355, 418–427

caseload heterogeneity, 473, 481–496

child well-being, 318, 324, 326, 329–338 (passim)

leavers, 8–9, 249, 388(n.1), 416, 417–472 (passim)

income and employment data, 276, 278–283 (passim), 289, 300, 303, 306–310, 311, 418–427, 445–458, 462–463

program participation, 276, 280

leavers, 8–9, 249, 388(n.1), 416, 417–472 (passim), 481–496 (passim)

qualitative studies, 375–376

survey data, 276, 278–283 (passim), 289, 300

survey respondents, error of measurement, 171–173

waivers, 317

Alcohol and drug abuse

administrative data, general, 199, 249

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 134

child well-being, 316, 323, 327

qualitative studies, 368

survey respondents, error of measurement, 177, 184–185

survey sampling and, 93, 94

state income tax records, 57–58

Supplemental Security Income, 92, 134

American Association of Public Opinion Research, 86

Archives, see Data archives

Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE)

access and confidentiality issues, 7, 238–239, 242

child health status, 329–330

leavers, 8, 9, 67, 238–239, 242, 388, 430–431

telephone surveys, 67

Attitudes

child well-being and, 319, 320

interviewers, 95, 97, 99, 110–111

qualitative studies, 357, 378

Survey of Consumer Attitudes, 121

survey respondents, 30, 35, 36, 37, 39, 43, 96–97

error of measurement, 157, 159, 164–165, 177–178, 194–186

incentives and, 105–106, 110–111, 113–114, 116–119, 121

socially sensitive questions, 5, 37, 66, 106, 157, 159, 164–165, 177–178, 184–186

B

Benefit penalties, see Sanctions

Best practices, 3, 9

telephone surveys, 55, 56, 68, 72–75, 78, 79, 86

Best Practices Booklet, 86

Birth certificates, 197, 202, 204, 221, 327

Black persons, 21, 90, 91, 93, 115, 135, 136, 370, 371, 451, 454, 461, 486, 488, 493

Block grants, child health, 328–329

Bureau of the Census, 87, 88, 382

see also Current Population Survey;

Survey of Income and Program Participation

Census of Population, 275

data cleaning, 212

data confidentiality, 262–263

data linkage, 216

C

Case management, 48, 249, 369

Caseload measures, 3, 220, 276, 306, 311, 327, 355, 371, 377, 415–499

child well-being, 324, 333–334, 335–336

educational attainment, 473, 474–475, 478–479, 486, 488, 489, 493, 496

heterogeneity of caseload, 473–499

gender factors, 9, 473, 474, 478, 481, 482–499

leaver studies, 387, 389, 415–473, 474, 477–478, 480

Census Bureau, see Bureau of the Census

Census of Population, 275

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 134

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

Child abuse and neglect, 199, 207–208, 226

see also Child protective services

administrative data, 318, 323, 327, 331–337, 344, 345, 346

qualitative studies, 356

Child care services, 203, 204, 205, 206, 226, 249, 319, 367, 368, 377, 416

Child protective services, 226, 318, 332, 333–334, 335–336, 345

foster care, 26, 179, 182, 202–208 (passim), 317, 318, 329, 333

Child support, 69, 74, 171–178, 225, 240, 249

Child well-being

administrative data, 7, 251, 316–352, 504, 505

caseload measures, 324, 333–334, 335–336

education, 316, 319, 328, 337–341, 344, 345

eligibility, 318, 321, 323, 324–325, 326, 329, 331

leaver studies, 324, 331

program participation, 324, 333, 337–338, 341, 342, 344–345

state government role, 318, 327–331

TANF, 316–317, 318, 324–325, 326, 327, 331–337 (passim), 343, 344, 346

alcohol and drug abuse, 316, 323, 327

attitudes, 319, 320

health insurance, 318, 320, 321, 323, 329

Medicaid, 318, 320, 321, 323, 324–326, 328, 329, 330, 331, 343

mortality rates, 317, 320, 322, 323, 327–328, 341

health status, general, 318, 320, 321–331, 344–345;

see also Child abuse and neglect

leaver studies, 8–9, 394–395, 396–397, 399–400, 416, 427, 428, 431

qualitative studies, 356, 366, 367

sanctions and, 336, 343, 399–400

waiver programs, 317

Children

see also Aid to Families with Dependent Children;

Juvenile justice system

access to telephone by families with, 87

administrative data cleaning, 202–203

foster care, 26, 179, 182, 202–208 (passim), 317, 318, 329, 333

in-person surveys, 90

leavers studies, 8–9, 394–395, 396–397, 399–400, 416, 427, 428, 447–448, 451, 454, 467

Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), 318–326 (passim), 329

Cognitive factors, surveys

see also Language factors

comprehension of items, 5, 161, 173, 178–180, 189

memory, 5, 159, 161, 162, 163–164, 168, 175, 176–177, 180–184, 404, 408

respondents, error of measurement, 157, 159, 160–164, 165, 167–168, 174–175, 176–177, 178–184, 187–189

response rates, 37, 41–42

Cohort comparison studies

child health status, 330–331

income and employment, 279, 280, 406

leavers, 8–9, 397, 398–399, 401–405, 406, 407, 413, 415–416, 417–422

National Longitudinal Surveys, 275, 476;

see also National Longitudinal Survey of Youth

Community factors, see Local-level effects

Computer-assisted personal interviewing, 88, 89, 90, 160, 177–178, 376–377

Computer-assisted telephone interview, 111

Computerized databases, see Databases

Confidentiality and privacy

administrative data, 6–7, 220–274, 304, 305, 504

adolescents, educational records, 339–340

Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, 7, 238–239, 242

children, 7, 339–341, 345–346

cost factors, 222, 258, 263, 273–274

criminal records, 238–239, 255–256, 263

educational attainment, other, 228

food stamps, 225, 226–227, 240, 249

funding, 236, 242, 246

linkage, 216–217, 220, 222–223

legislation, 6–7, 222, 223–224, 232, 233–241, 246, 247, 255–257, 266–267, 268, 271–274

criminal penalties for breeches, 238–239, 254–256, 263, 268, 274

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

organizational factors, 243–254, 258–259, 262–264, 265, 266, 267–268

Institutional Review Boards, 88, 92, 125, 236–237, 266–267

private contract researchers, 239, 241, 243–254

socially sensitive data, 221, 230–231

standards, 233–237, 243–258

state government role, 6–7, 222–223, 238–258, 267–268, 271–274

statistical analyses, 224–225, 255, 258–262, 267

tax records, 304, 305

technical assistance, 256–257, 267

best practices, 86

computer-assisted questionnaires, 177–178

definitional issues, 228–231

homeless persons, 92

informed consent and notification, 4, 57–58, 68, 96, 125, 199, 231–232, 237, 258, 266–267

in-person interviews, 86, 89, 92, 96

Internet, 265, 267

respondents’ attitudes about, 106

school records, 339–341

tax records, 304, 305

Consent, see Informed consent and notification

Continuous welfare leavers, 183, 332, 396–397, 399, 421–422, 441

see also Time limits

Cost and cost-effectiveness

administrative data,

cleaning, 200, 201

confidentiality, 222, 258, 263, 273–274

program participation studies, 199

vs survey data, 278

incentives, surveys, 117, 120–122, 124–125

in-person interviews, 89, 91, 97, 100, 101, 102–103

mail, 59

qualitative studies, 380–381

survey response, general, 37, 39, 41, 46, 49, 283

telephone surveys, 56, 59–61, 78–83

tracing and tracking, surveys, 30, 59–61, 79–81, 101

unemployment data, use of, 292

Council of Professional Associations on Federal Statistics, 115

CPS, see Current Population Survey

Crime and criminal justice system

see also Alcohol and drug abuse;

Child abuse and neglect;

Sanctions

administrative data confidentiality breeches, 238–239, 254–256, 263, 268, 274

administrative data linkage, 206

caseload heterogeneity, 474

income and employment, 300–301

in-person interviews, 89, 93, 94

juvenile, 7, 75, 328, 341–343, 344, 345

qualitative studies, 368–369

survey respondent incentives, interviewer at risk, 124

survey respondent involvement in, 30, 36, 86, 162, 164

Cultural factors, 4

see also Language factors;

Race/ethnicity;

Social factors

survey response, 36, 52

Current Population Survey (CPS)

cognitive interviews, 281

error of measurement, 158, 168, 169, 175

income and employment data, 275, 277, 279–290 (passim), 294, 310

response rates, 21

Cyclic welfare users, 9, 89–91, 206, 396–397, 399, 422–426, 430, 431, 433, 434, 438–445, 451, 454, 456, 457–459, 462–464, 468, 471, 472, 478

caseload heterogeneity, 474, 480, 481–482, 485–499 (passim)

D

Data archives

cleaning methods, 6, 197, 199–205, 212

confidentiality issues, 249–250, 268

matching of data, 6, 7, 41, 49, 60, 93, 132, 134, 141, 143, 153, 154, 167–168, 171, 173, 174, 175, 197, 205–218, 304

Data Matching and Privacy Protection Act, 234, 235–236

Databases, 30

see also Confidentiality and privacy

child well-being, 328, 344–346

cleaning methods, 6, 197, 199–205, 211–212, 217, 225, 226–227, 304, 409

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

confidentiality and access, 57, 60

credit, 69

juvenile justice system, 342

mailing addresses, 91

matching/linking of data, 6, 7, 41, 49, 60, 93, 132, 134, 141, 143, 153, 154, 167–168, 171, 173, 174, 175, 197, 205–218, 220, 222–223, 224–227, 228–229, 235–238, 241, 252, 261, 264, 268, 276, 287–288, 298, 504

child well-being, 336, 343, 344, 346

leaver studies, 402–403, 408, 409, 411, 412, 417–422

longitudinal studies, 207, 336

standards, 211–212, 235–237

statistical analyses, 205(n.2), 206, 209–211, 213–217

sharing of data, 227–228, 241

telephone surveys, 30, 57, 58, 59, 60, 69, 70–71

Death certificates, 327, 328

Demographic factors

see also Age factors;

Gender factors;

Geographic factors;

Marriage and marital status;

Race/ethnicity;

Socioeconomic status

administrative data cleaning, 200, 304

error of measurement, 159

heterogeneity of caseload, 473–499 (passim)

incentives for survey respondents, 105–106, 114, 115–116

income and employment, survey data, 282, 304, 305

leaver, definition, 419

qualitative studies, 359–361

survey nonresponse, 37, 41, 42, 133, 135–140, 142, 143, 145, 146

Department of Health and Human Services

see also Administration for Children and Families;

Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation

child well-being, 322, 334

privacy and confidentiality of data, 233, 240

Department of Labor, 378–380

Diet, see Nutrition

Disaggregation, see Aggregation and disaggregation of data

Drug abuse, see Alcohol and drug abuse

E

Early Screening and Periodic Screening and Diagnostic Testing, 324

Earned Income Tax Credits (EITC), 275, 305–306, 446–447

Earnings, see Income and earnings, general

Econometric modeling, 481

see also Caseload measures

Economic incentives, see Incentives, surveys

Education and training, 1

adolescents, record confidentiality, 339–340

child well-being,

administrative data, 316, 319, 328, 337–341, 344, 345

qualitative studies, 356, 367

Head Start, 329

interviewers, 4, 5, 31–32, 40, 43–46, 47, 51, 159–160

in-person surveys, 92, 94–98, 99, 101, 102–103

telephone surveys, 63–64, 66, 67, 68

Job Training Partnership Act, 246, 278, 291, 295–302, 310–312

qualitative studies, researchers, 381–382

Educational attainment

caseload heterogeneity, 473, 474–475, 478–479, 486, 488, 489, 493, 496

confidentiality and privacy, 228, 339–340

incentives, surveys, 113, 114–115, 116

leaver studies, 428, 447–448, 451, 454, 467

National Adult Literacy Survey, 121

survey nonresponse, 24–25, 142, 151

survey respondents, error of measurement, 167–168, 173

Educational testing data, 338–339

Elderly persons, 33

incentives, surveys, 111

qualitative studies, 368

survey respondents, error of measurement, 171

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

Eligibility

see also Leaver studies;

Program participation;

Sanctions;

Time limits

administrative data, 202, 226–227, 252, 278–279

administrative data, child well-being, 318, 321, 323, 324–325, 326, 329, 331

caseload heterogeneity, 479

income and employment data, 276

survey response and, 113, 145, 154

TANF, 113, 226–227

Employment, 5

see also Income and earnings, general;

Leaver studies

access to telephone, 87

administrative data, 7, 69, 228, 239, 275, 290–312, 400–403, 406–408, 422–441 (passim), 505

child well-being and, 316–317, 319, 321, 329, 332, 341, 343, 346

leaver studies, 389, 394, 400–408, 412–413, 415, 416–443 (passim), 448, 453–463, 464, 468

unemployment insurance records, 7, 69, 132, 203, 225, 249, 276(n.3), 277, 278, 287, 290–312, 403, 406–408, 413, 417–422, 431, 442–445, 451, 462

adolescents, 300–301

caseload heterogeneity, 473, 475–476, 478, 486, 488, 489, 492–496

child well-being and, administrative data, 316–317, 319, 321, 329, 332, 341, 343, 346

cohort comparison studies, 279, 280, 406

Current Population Survey (CPS), 275, 277, 279–290 (passim), 294, 310

gender factors, 21, 173, 176, 280, 281, 300–301, 473, 475–476, 478, 486, 488, 489, 492–496

health insurance, employer-provided, 321

interviewer recruitment/supervision, 95–96, 98–100, 101, 102–103

interviewer training, 4, 5, 31–32, 40, 43–46, 47, 51, 159–160

in-person surveys, 92, 94–98, 99, 101, 102–103

telephone surveys, 63–64, 66, 67, 68

Job Training Partnership Act, 246, 278, 291, 295–302, 310–312

qualitative studies, 357, 359–361, 366–367, 378, 382

survey data, 275, 277, 279–290, 295–303, 403–408, 505

survey nonresponse, 21, 22, 24–25, 30, 138, 142, 159, 151

survey respondents, error of measurement, 7, 164–171, 173–177, 277, 282–290, 292–295, 304–305

unemployment insurance records, 7, 69, 132, 203, 225, 249, 276(n.3), 277, 278, 287, 290–312, 403, 406–408, 413, 417–422, 431, 442–445, 451, 462

welfare-to-work, see Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act;Temporary Assistance for Needy Families;Time limits

Ethical issues, see Confidentiality and privacy

Ethnicity, see Race/ethnicity

Ethnographic studies, 90, 199, 356, 357, 359–360, 365–369, 375, 382

Experimental methods

income and employment, 278

juvenile justice system, 342–343

qualitative, 360

F

Face-to-face interviews, see In-person interviews

Families and households

see also Current Population Survey;

Demographic factors;

Marriage and marital status;

Qualitative studies;

Sampling and sample size;

Single mothers;

Socioeconomic status;

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families;

terms beginning “Child…”

access to telephone, 87

administrative data, general, 317, 319, 320, 400, 473

administrative vs survey data, 278

heterogeneity of caseload, 473, 478

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

income and employment, survey data,

general, 278, 280–282, 284, 303, 304–305, 306–309

leaver studies, 388, 394, 400, 404, 415

qualitative studies, 8, 359–361, 363, 366–367, 371, 372–373, 382

survey respondents, error of measurement, 171–173, 178

survey response, 30, 35, 37–43

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, 339–341

Federal Communications Commission, 87

Fees for survey respondents, see Incentives, surveys

Females, see Gender factors

Focus groups, 8, 43, 52, 357, 361–362

Food stamps, 1, 69, 224

administrative data, child well-being, 318, 320, 324, 331, 343

administrative data, general, 283

cleaning and matching of, 197, 203, 225, 226–227, 409

confidentiality, 225, 226–227, 240, 249

leaver studies, 401–402, 409, 432–435, 445, 446, 448–449, 450, 463

income and employment, survey data, 280, 283

nonresponse to surveys, 26

Foster care, 26, 179, 182, 202–208 (passim), 317, 318, 329, 333

Funding

administrative data confidentiality and privacy and, 236, 242, 246

administrative data linkage, 207

block grants, child health, 328–329

leaver studies, 9, 67, 242, 288

G

Gender factors, 355, 473

administrative data cleaning, 204, 212

administrative data linking, 210, 212, 216, 229, 252

caseload heterogeneity, 9, 473, 474, 478, 481, 482–499

doctor visits, 21

incentives, surveys, 109

income and employment, 21, 173, 176, 280, 281, 300–301, 473, 475–476, 478, 486, 488, 489, 492–496

in-person interviews, sample lists, 89, 90

qualitative studies, 363–364, 368, 373

survey respondents, error of measurement, 173, 176

survey response, 21, 37, 41, 109, 135–136, 137–138, 142, 143, 144, 146, 151

Geographical factors

see also Rural areas;

State-level issues;

Urban areas

administrative data cleaning, 202–203, 212

administrative data confidentiality and privacy, 228, 261

administrative data linkage, 207, 212, 216

income and employment data, 312

juvenile justice system, administrative data, 342

leaver studies, 388(n.1), 428, 467

survey respondent error of measurement, 167–168

survey response, 13, 29–31, 33, 57, 58–59, 87, 91, 133, 142, 143

H

Head Start, 329

Health and Retirement Survey, 110

Health insurance

see also Medicaid

children, 318, 320, 321, 323, 329

leaver studies, 394

Health status and care, 368

see also Medicaid;

Mental health and illness

adolescents, 322, 323, 327

caseload heterogeneity, 474

child well-being, 318, 320, 321–331, 344–345

mortality rates, 317, 320, 322, 323, 327–328, 341

death certificates, 327, 328

leaver studies, 389, 394

vital statistics, 75, 225, 323, 327–331

Healthy People 2000, 322

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

Hispanics, 56, 88, 91, 140, 370, 451, 454, 486, 488, 489, 493

Puerto Ricans, 90, 93, 370

Historical perspectives, 1, 275, 316, 371, 387, 473

caseload measures, 473–496

income and employment data, 275, 276, 286–287, 288

in-person interviews, 90

leaver studies, 387, 389, 472

Homeless persons, 92, 94

Households, see Families and households

Housing subsidies, 142, 143

I

Immigrants, 88, 90, 93, 366, 454, 457

see also Hispanics;

Language factors

Imputation, 3, 25–26, 28, 48, 52, 78, 131, 154, 262, 277, 285

Incentives, surveys, 3, 4–5, 51, 105–128, 131, 379

administrative data vs survey data, 277

adolescents, 106–107, 121

cost factors, 117, 120–122, 124–125

demographic factors, 105–106, 114, 115–116

differential, 106, 117–120

educational attainment, 113, 114–115, 116

gifts vs money, 5, 38, 107, 108

in-person interviews, 89, 90, 101, 108, 110–111, 117–118, 120–121

item nonresponse effects, 111–113

local community level effects, 116–117, 121

lotteries as, 109, 124

panel studies, 5, 109–110

prepaid, 3–4, 59, 82, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 117, 118, 120–122, 123–124

response distribution effects, 113–115

standards, 124–125

telephone interviews, 4–5, 70–71, 72, 82–83, 106, 108, 110, 111

Income and earnings, general

see also Aid to Families with Dependent Children;

Earned Income Tax Credits;

Supplemental Security Income;

Taxation;

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families;

Unemployment insurance records

administrative data, 7, 275, 329

caseload heterogeneity, 474, 478–479, 486, 488, 489, 492–496 (passim)

leaver studies, 389, 394, 409–411, 413, 416–417, 432–436, 439, 441–450, 454–464 (passim), 468, 469, 470, 472

adolescents, 300–301

AFDC, 276, 278–283 (passim), 289, 300, 303, 306–310, 311, 418–427, 445–458, 462–463

child well-being, 329

cohort comparison studies, 279, 280, 406

Current Population Survey (CPS), 275, 277, 279–290 (passim), 294, 310

gender factors, 21, 173, 176, 280, 281, 300–301, 473, 475–476, 478, 486, 488, 489, 492–496

historical perspectives, 275, 276, 286–287, 288

leaver studies, 276, 389, 394, 400–413, 416, 417–422, 426

local community effects, 275–276, 279, 282

longitudinal studies, 275, 277, 279–280

national-level studies, general, 275, 277, 279–290, 310, 311

Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), 275, 279, 280–281, 284, 288, 289–290, 363

survey data, general, 275

survey design/response, 5, 30, 38, 86–87, 138, 142, 143–144

Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), 363

incentives for respondents, 109–110

income and employment data, 275, 277, 279, 280–281, 284–290, 310, 311

survey respondents, error of measurement, 164–165, 166–171, 178

In-depth interviews, 77, 88, 93, 357, 359–361, 370, 372

Informed consent and notification, 4, 57–58, 68, 96, 125, 199, 231–232, 237, 258, 266–267

In-person interviews

adolescents, 90, 93

children, 90

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

computer-assisted personal interviewing, 88, 89, 90, 160, 177–178, 376–377

confidentiality and privacy, 86, 89, 92, 96

cost factors, 89, 91, 97, 100, 101, 102–103

criminal histories, 89, 93, 94

focus groups, 8, 43, 52, 357, 361–362

gender factors, 89, 90

historical perspectives, 90

incentives, 89, 90, 101, 108, 110–111, 117–118, 120–121

interviewer training, 92, 94–98, 99, 101

leaver studies, 403–406

local community factors, 4, 91, 102

mail contacts and, 89, 91, 92, 102

organizational factors, 98–100, 101, 103

qualitative studies, 356, 357, 358–372, 375–377

ethnographic, 90, 199, 356, 357, 359–360, 365–369, 375, 382

focus groups, 8, 43, 52, 357, 361–362

respondents/interviewers, error of measurement, 157–189 (passim)

response rates, 3, 4, 31–50, 69, 77, 78, 86–104, 502

tracing and tracking, 61, 74, 92–94, 96, 101, 102

sampling, 89–94, 100

state government role, 88, 93

teamwork, 100

tracking and tracing, 61, 74, 92–94, 96, 101, 102

urban areas, 87, 90, 93, 96, 97

Institutional factors, see Organizational factors

Institutional Review Boards, 88, 92, 125, 236–237, 266–267

Insurance, see Health insurance; Unemployment insurance records

Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 7, 285–286, 302, 303–309, 312

Internet

child health status, 329, 330

data confidentiality, 265, 267

prison inmates, 93

Interviews, 3, 31–50, 69–73, 86–104

see also In-person interviews;

Panel studies;

Response rates;

Telephone surveys;

Tracing and tracking

administrative data vs, 199

attitudes of interviewees, 30, 35, 36, 37, 39, 43, 96–97

error of measurement, 157, 159, 164–165, 177–178, 194–186

incentives and, 105–106, 110–111, 113–114, 116–119, 121

socially sensitive questions, 5, 37, 66, 106, 157, 159, 164–165, 177–178, 184–186

attitudes of interviewers, 95, 97, 99, 110–111

error of measurement, interviewers as source of, 159–160, 161

focus groups, 8, 43, 52, 357, 361–362

followup, 4, 33, 48, 74, 75, 81, 88, 116, 131;

see also Tracing and tracking

incentives, general, 107, 110–111, 112, 113–114, 120, 122

protocols, standardized, 93, 96, 186

recruitment/supervision of interviewers, 95–96, 98–100, 101, 102–103

refusal conversion, 4, 5, 25, 36, 42, 50, 63, 64, 65, 66–67, 68, 75, 99

incentives, monetary, 107, 115–116, 124

training of interviewers, 4, 5, 31–32, 40, 43–46, 47, 51, 159–160

in-person surveys, 92, 94–98, 99, 101, 102–103

telephone surveys, 63–64, 66, 67, 68

J

Job Training Partnership Act, 246, 278, 291, 295–302, 310–312

Joint Center for Poverty Research, 225

Juvenile justice system, 7, 75, 328, 341–343, 344, 345

L

Language factors, 4, 56–57, 88, 130, 141–142

administrative data confidentiality statutes, 257

error of measurement, 158–159, 160–161

focus groups, 361

National Adult Literacy Survey, 121

Law enforcement, see Crime and criminal justice system

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

Leaver studies, 2, 8–9, 86, 356, 366–367, 382, 387–472

see also Cyclic welfare users;

Sanctions;

Short-term welfare users;

Time limits

administrative vs survey data, 276, 278

AFDC administrative data, 8–9, 249, 388(n.1), 416, 417–472 (passim)

age factors, 428, 447–448, 451, 456, 467

Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, 8, 9, 67, 238–239, 242, 388, 430–431

caseload measures, 387, 389, 415–473, 474, 477–478, 480

child well-being, administrative data, 324, 331

children, 8–9, 394–395, 396–397, 399–400, 416, 427, 428, 447–448, 451, 454, 467

cohort comparison studies, 8–9, 397, 398–399, 401–405, 406, 407, 413, 415–416, 417–422

data access and confidentiality issues, 6–7, 230–231, 241–258

definition of leavers, 395–400, 418–419, 460–462, 466–471, 472

educational attainment, 428, 447–448, 451, 454, 467

employment, administrative data, 389, 394, 400–408, 412–413, 415, 416–443 (passim), 448, 453–463, 464, 468

food stamps, administrative data, 401–402, 409, 432–435, 445, 446, 448–449, 450, 463

funding, 9, 67, 242, 288

geographic factors, 388(n.1), 428, 467

health status, 389, 394;

see also “Medicaid” infra

historical perspectives, 387, 389, 472

homeless persons, 92

incentives, 107

income and earnings, administrative data, 389, 394, 409–411, 413, 416–417, 432–436, 439, 441–450, 454–464 (passim), 468, 469, 470, 472

income and earnings data, 276, 389, 394, 400–413, 416, 417–422, 426

mail contacts, 404–405

matching of data, 402–403, 408, 409, 411, 412, 417–422

Medicaid, 394, 401–402, 409, 432, 435–438, 448, 449, 463

state government, 388, 395–407, 410, 413–431

state-level factors, other, 388, 389, 390–393, 395–407, 410, 417–422

statistical analysis, 450–464

Supplemental Security Income (SSI), 427, 431, 451, 454, 460–461, 462

survey nonresponse, 30, 406, 409–412, 413

survey respondents, error of measurement, 170

telephone surveys, 2, 3–4, 55, 57, 67–75, 78–79, 403–406

urban areas, 427–472 (passim)

Leavers, see Continuous welfare leaver; Cyclic welfare users; Long-term welfare users; Short-term welfare users; Stayers

Legal issues, see Confidentiality and privacy

Legislation

administrative data, confidentiality and access, 6–7, 222, 223–224, 232, 233–241, 246, 247, 255–257, 266–267, 268, 271–274

criminal penalties for breeches, 238–239, 254–256, 263, 268, 274

Data Matching and Privacy Protection Act, 234, 235–236

educational testing, standardized, 338–339

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, 339–341

Freedom of Information Act, 233

Job Training Partnership Act, 246, 278, 291, 295–302, 310–312

Paperwork Reduction Act, 124–125

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), 1, 2, 8, 55, 275, 316–321, 330, 387, 394, 415–416, 431;

see also Temporary Assistance for Needy Families;

Time limits;

Waiver programs;

Work requirements

Privacy Act, 233, 234–235, 237, 239, 240

Linguistic factors, see Language factors

Linkage, data, see Matching, administrative data

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

Local-level effects

see also Qualitative studies

child well-being, 322, 329, 343

incentives, surveys, 116–117, 121

income and employment data, 275–276, 279, 282

in-person surveys, 4, 91, 102

survey nonresponse, 30

Longitudinal studies, 68, 103, 104–123

see also Bureau of the Census;

Cohort comparison studies;

Panel studies;

Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)

administrative data linkage, 207, 336

child well-being, 324, 334, 335, 336

data sets, 203

error of measurement, 160

income and employment, 275, 277, 279–280

matching of data, 207, 336

Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), 275, 279, 280–281, 284, 288, 289–290, 363

qualitative, general, 357, 360, 362–365

telephone surveys, 55, 56

Long-term welfare users, 9, 163, 341, 371, 400, 419–447 (passim), 451–458 (passim), 462–464, 466, 471, 472, 475, 476, 477, 480–499 (passim)

M

Mail contacts, 131

address databases, 91

cost factors, 59

incentives, 4–5, 70–71, 72, 82, 102, 106–109, 110–111, 112, 120, 122, 123

in-person interviews and, 89, 91, 92, 102

leaver studies, 404–405

telephone surveys and, 58–59, 66–73 (passim), 82

Males, see Gender factors

Marriage and marital status

see also Single mothers

child well-being, 331, 336, 345

leaver studies, 440

qualitative studies, 356

survey nonresponse, 30, 37, 142–143

survey respondents, error of measurement, 167–168

Matching, administrative data, 6, 7, 41, 49, 60, 93, 132, 134, 141, 143, 153, 154, 167–168, 171, 173, 174, 175, 197, 198, 204–219, 220, 222–223, 224–227, 228–229, 235–238, 241, 252, 261, 264, 268, 276, 287–288, 298, 504

child well-being, 336, 343, 344, 346

gender factors, 210, 212, 216, 229, 252

leaver studies, 402–403, 408, 409, 411, 412, 417–422

longitudinal studies, 207, 336

standards, 211–212, 235–237

statistical analyses, 205(n.2), 206, 209–211, 213–217

Maternal and Child Health Block Grant, 328–329

Maternal and Child Health Bureau, 322

Measurement error, 3, 5, 157–194

administrative data, 277, 292–295, 304–305

alcohol and drug abuse, 177, 184–185

autobiographical information, 160–171

cognitive factors, 157, 159, 160–164, 165, 167–168, 174–175, 176–177, 178–184, 187–189

Current Population Survey (CPS), 158, 168, 169, 175

definitional issues, 158

employment and income data, 7, 164–171, 173–177, 277, 282–290, 292–295, 304–305

gender factors, 173, 176

geographic factors, 167–168

language of question, 158–159, 160–161

survey data, 157–174, 277, 282–290 (passim), 406, 408, 409

AFDC, 171–173

age factors, 167–168, 171, 176

educational attainment, 167–168, 173

race/ethnicity, 164, 171, 173, 176

urban areas, 167–168

Medicaid, 26, 69, 197, 202, 203, 226–227, 249

child well-being, 318, 320, 321, 323, 324–326, 328, 329, 330, 331, 343

leaver studies, 394, 401–402, 409, 432, 435–438, 448, 449, 463

Memory, survey respondents, 3, 5, 159, 161, 162, 163–164, 168, 175, 176–177, 180–184, 404, 408

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

Men, see Gender factors

Mental health and illness

see also Alcohol and drug abuse;

Child abuse and neglect

qualitative studies, 356

Minimum work requirements, see Work requirements

Minorities, see Race/ethnicity

Mortality rates, children, 317, 320, 322, 323, 327–328, 341

Moving to Opportunity experiment, 342–343

N

National Adult Literacy Survey, 121

National Assessment of Educational Progress, 121

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 91

National Change of Address, 91

National Health Interview Survey, 21

National Institute on Aging, 262

National-level studies

see also Current Population Survey;

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth;

Survey of Income and Program Participation

data sets, 203

income and employment, 275, 277, 279–290, 311

National Adult Literacy Survey, 121

National Assessment of Educational Progress, 121

National Health Interview Survey, 21

National Survey of America’s Families, 50, 66–67

National Survey of College Graduates, 116

National Survey of Family Growth, 177

Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), 275, 279, 280–281, 284, 288, 289–290, 363

National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), 363

caseload heterogeneity, 482

education, 338

income and employment data, 279, 280, 284, 289, 417, 422–423

National Opinion Research Center (NORC), 4, 87, 88, 93, 96, 97, 98–99, 101, 103

National Survey of America’s Families (NSAF)

interview techniques, 66–67

response rate, 50

National Survey of College Graduates, 116

National Survey of Family Growth, 177

Noncash benefits

see also Education and training;

Food stamps

child care services, 203, 204, 205, 206, 226, 249, 319, 367, 368, 377, 416

housing subsidies, 142, 143

transportation assistance, 367

Nonresponse adjustment, 3, 5, 13–54, 62, 86, 129, 130–131, 132, 133, 134–154

see also Response rates

imputation and weighting, 25–28, 131, 138–155

leaver studies, 30, 406, 409–412, 413

population-based, 147–152

state government, 132, 138–139, 140, 142–143, 411

Nutrition, 197

children, general, 322

food stamps

School Lunch Program, 203

WIC, 203, 204, 214, 249, 318, 320, 324, 343

O

Office of Management and Budget, 88, 92

incentives, surveys, 123, 124–125

Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance, 171

Open-ended questions, 357, 358–359, 375, 376, 380, 381

Organizational factors

administrative data, confidentiality issues, 243–254, 258–259, 262–264, 265, 266, 267–268

Institutional Review Boards, 88, 92, 125, 236–237, 266–267

child well-being, services fragmentation, 318

error of measurement, 160

in-person interviews, 98–100, 101, 103

qualitative studies, 381–382

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

Outcome data, general, 416

Outcome measures, 276–277

see also Caseload measures;

Child well-being;

Employment;

Income and earnings;

Leaver studies;

Nutrition;

Well-being

administrative data confidentiality, 251–252

administrative data linkage, general, 207

caseload heterogeneity, 473, 474

qualitative, 360, 365

TANF administrative data linkage, 205

P

Panel studies

see also National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY);

Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID);

Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)

incentives, 5, 109–110

qualitative, 360, 363–365, 382

Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), 275, 279, 280–281, 284, 288, 289–290, 363

Paper and pencil interviewing, 88, 89, 90, 160

Participation, see Program participation; Response rates

Penalties, see Sanctions

Personal interviews, see In-person interviews

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), 1, 2, 8, 55, 275, 316–321, 330, 387, 394, 415–416, 431

see also Temporary Assistance for Needy Families;

Time limits;

Waiver programs;

Work requirements

Postal surveys, see Mail contacts

Privacy, see Confidentiality and privacy

Privacy Act, 233, 234–235, 237, 239, 240

Private sector

confidentiality issues, researchers, 239, 241, 243–254

contractor monitoring, survey response rates, 55, 81, 94

Program participation, 198, 229, 276, 277, 356, 401–402

see also Caseload measures;

Cyclic welfare users;

Eligibility;

Leaver studies;

Short-term welfare users;

Stayers;

Survey of Income and Program Participation

AFDC, 276, 280

leavers, 8–9, 249, 388(n.1), 416, 417–470 (passim)

child well-being, administrative data, 324, 333, 337–338, 341, 342, 344–345

continuous welfare leavers, 183, 332, 396–397, 399, 421–422, 441

definitional issues, 479–480, 490, 492, 493, 498–499

income and employment data, 275, 276

leaver studies, 399, 401–402

long-term welfare users, 9, 163, 341, 371, 400, 419–447 (passim), 451–458 (passim), 462–464, 466, 471, 472, 475, 476, 477, 480–499 (passim)

PSID, see Panel Study of Income Dynamics

Puerto Ricans, 90, 93, 370

Q

Qualitative studies, 8, 355–383

AFDC, 375–376

alcohol and drug abuse, 368

attitudes, 357, 378

child abuse and neglect, 356

child well-being, 356, 366, 367

cost, 380–381

employment, 357, 359–361, 366–367, 378, 382

ethnographic studies, 90, 199, 356, 357, 359–360, 365–369, 375, 382

focus groups, 8, 43, 52, 357, 361–362

gender factors, 363–364, 368, 373

single mothers, 366–367, 382

panel studies, 360, 363–365, 382

questionnaires, 337, 358–359, 375–377

race/ethnicity, 363–364, 370, 371, 373, 382

researcher training, 381–382

sampling, 359–361, 362, 369–375, 379–380, 382

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

sanctions, 379

single mothers, 366–367, 382

socioeconomic status, 363–364, 375–376

survey data and, 356, 357, 358–359, 377, 378

TANF, 355, 356, 359, 369, 370, 371

urban areas, 359–360, 366, 368, 370–374, 382

Questionnaires

computer-assisted personal interviewing, 88, 89, 90, 160, 177–178

computer-assisted telephone interview, 111

Current Population Survey (CPS), 281

error of measurement, 158–159, 160, 170–171, 177–180

language issues, 4, 56–57, 88, 158–159, 170–171, 178–180, 184, 187

leaver studies, 389

open-ended questions, 357, 358–359, 375, 376, 380, 381

qualitative items, 337, 358–359, 375–377

socially sensitive items, 5, 37, 66, 106, 157, 159, 164, 174–175, 177–178, 184–186

standards, interviewing protocols, 93, 96, 186

telephone interviews, 64–66, 68, 78

R

Race/ethnicity

see also Cultural factors;

Language factors

administrative data cleaning, 204, 212

administrative data linking, 210, 212, 216, 228–229

black persons, 21, 90, 91, 93, 115, 135, 136, 370, 371, 451, 454, 461, 486, 488, 493

caseload heterogeneity, 482, 486, 488, 489, 493

confidentiality and privacy, 228–229

employment, 21, 24–25, 171, 176, 482, 486, 488, 489, 493

focus groups, 362

Hispanics, 56, 88, 91, 140, 370, 451, 454, 486, 488, 489, 493

immigrants, 88, 90, 93, 366, 454, 457

incentives, surveys, 111, 115, 123

leaver studies, 428, 451, 454, 457, 467

Puerto Ricans, 90, 93, 370

qualitative studies, 363–364, 370, 371, 373, 382

survey respondents, error of measurement, 164, 171, 173, 176

survey response, 21, 24–25, 41, 87, 111, 115, 123, 135–136, 137–138, 140, 142, 143, 144, 146, 151

Recall, survey respondents, see Memory, survey respondents

Referral and Monitoring Agencies, 134

Regression analysis, 3, 23–25, 152, 494–496

Reporting requirements

administrative data vs survey data, 277

TANF, 275

Response rates, 2, 3, 13–156

see also Incentives, surveys;

Nonresponse adjustment

administrative data and, 27, 50, 57, 132, 133–134, 142–143, 287–288, 411

error of measurement, 167–168, 171, 173, 174, 175, 182

age factors, 29, 33, 37, 43, 135–136, 137–138, 142

cognitive factors, 37, 41–42

cost factors, 37, 39, 41, 46, 49, 283

cultural factors, 36, 52

demographic factors, 37, 41, 42, 133, 135–140, 142, 143, 145, 146

educational attainment, 24–25, 142, 151

employment information, 21, 22, 24–25, 30, 138, 142, 159, 151

followup strategies, 4, 33, 48, 74, 75, 81, 88, 116, 131

food stamp users, 26

gender factors, 21, 37, 41, 109, 135–136, 137–138, 142, 143, 144, 146, 151

geographic factors, 13, 29–31, 33, 57, 58–59, 87, 91, 133, 142, 143

income and employment data, 296, 297, 410–411

in-person interviews, 3, 4, 31–50, 69, 77, 78, 86–104, 502

tracing and tracking, 61, 74

item nonresponse effects, 111–113, 130

leaver studies, 30, 57, 67–75, 78–79, 86, 92, 107, 404–405, 406, 408–412

locating sample persons, 29–31

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

marriage and marital status, 30, 37, 142–143

qualitative studies, 380

race/ethnicity, 21, 24–25, 41, 87, 111, 115, 123, 135–136, 137–138, 140, 142, 143, 144, 146, 151

refusal an refusal conversion, 4, 5, 25, 36, 42, 50, 63, 64, 65, 66–67, 68, 70–71, 75, 99, 408–409

rural areas, 3–4, 31, 32–33, 34, 37, 56–67, 70–75 (passim), 78–83, 87, 93, 141, 404–405, 502

social factors, 30, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 106

socioeconomic status, 37, 41, 50, 133, 142–143, 145

Supplemental Security Income (SSI), 26, 92, 94, 134–136

telephone interviews, 3–4, 31, 32–33, 34, 37, 56–67, 70–75 (passim), 78–83, 87, 93, 141, 404–405, 502

tracing and tracking, surveys, 30, 59–61, 68, 70–72, 73–75

urban areas, 21, 33, 36, 87, 142–143

welfare leavers, 3–4

Rural areas, nonresponse, surveys, 21, 33, 142

S

Sampling and sample size, 2, 3, 50, 86, 408–412

see also Caseload measures;

Response rates

administrative data, child well-being, 346

administrative data confidentiality, 261

administrative data linking, 208

administrative data vs survey data, 277, 278

alcohol and drug abuse, 93, 94

state income tax records, 57–58

Supplemental Security Income, 92, 134

focus groups, 362

incentives, 115

income and employment data, 277–284 (passim), 290, 306

in-person interview surveys, 89–94, 100

leaver studies, 9, 396–397, 401–405, 406, 418

missing data, 3, 5, 129–156;

see also Nonresponse adjustment

qualitative studies, 359–361, 362, 369–375, 379–380, 382

sample mean, 14–18

telephone surveys, 55–85

Sanctions, 395, 396–397, 399, 472, 448, 451, 454, 457, 461

child well-being and, 336, 343, 399–400

data confidentiality breaches, 238–239, 254–256, 263, 268, 274

income and employment data, 275

qualitative studies, 379

School Lunch Program, 203

Sensitivity analysis, 52

Short-term welfare users, 8, 176, 306, 400, 411, 419–420, 424–445 (passim), 456–459 (passim), 462, 466–470, 471, 472

see also Cyclic welfare users

caseload heterogeneity, 474, 480, 483–499 (passim)

Single mothers, 1, 317, 320

child abuse, administrative data, 331, 336

income, administrative data, 306–309

income, survey data, 280, 281

leaver studies, 394, 400

qualitative studies, 366–367, 382

SIPP, see Survey of Income and Program Participation

Social factors, 4

see also Attitudes;

Cultural factors;

Language factors;

Local-level effects

child well-being, 316

confidentiality, sensitive data, 221, 230–231

qualitative studies, 356

survey nonresponse, 30, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 106

survey respondents, error of measurement, 157, 159, 160, 164, 174–175, 184–186

surveys, sensitive questions, 5, 37, 66, 106, 157, 159, 164, 174–175, 177–178, 184–186

Social Security Administration, 276, 288, 323

Social Security numbers, 58, 60, 69, 74, 208, 209, 210, 211, 214–216, 228, 238, 239, 287–288, 298, 343, 402–403

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

Socioeconomic status

see also Educational attainment;

Employment;

Income and earnings, general

error of measurement, 159, 164–171

qualitative panel studies, 363–364, 375–376

survey nonresponse, 37, 41, 50, 133, 142–143, 145

Soundex, 216–217

Spanish-speaking persons, see Hispanics

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), 203, 204, 214, 249, 318, 320, 324, 343

SSI, see Supplemental Security Income

State data

administrative data, 6–7, 56–58, 69, 138–139, 142–143, 218, 222–223, 225–226, 292

child well-being, 318, 327–331

confidentiality issues, 6–7, 222–223, 238–258, 267–268, 271–274

tax records, 57–58, 239, 293, 303–309, 311, 312

block grants, child health, 328–329

child health care, 321, 322

criminal justice system data, 93

juvenile justice system, 7, 75, 328, 341–343, 344, 345

leaver studies, 388, 395–407, 410, 413–431

nonresponse adjustments, 132, 138–139, 140, 142–143, 411

qualitative studies, 382

telephone surveys, 56–58, 69

unemployment insurance records, 7, 69, 132, 203, 225, 249, 276(n.3), 277, 278, 287, 290–312, 403, 406–408, 413, 417–422, 431, 442–445, 451, 462

waivers, 317

State-level issues, other, 2

caseload heterogeneity, 474, 481–482

income and employment data, 275–276, 279, 282, 284, 290–309, 417–422

leaver studies, 388, 389, 390–393, 395–407, 410, 417–422

Stayers, 9, 86, 424–429, 433–446 (passim), 450–458 (passim), 463–464, 466, 468, 471, 472

caseload heterogeneity, 474, 480–499 (passim)

Substance abuse, see Alcohol and drug abuse

Supplemental Security Income

child health status, 323

leaver studies, 427, 431, 451, 454, 460–461, 462

response to surveys, 26, 92, 94, 134–136

Survey data, 1, 3–5, 13–194, 356

see also Cognitive factors, surveys;

Incentives, surveys;

In-depth interviews;

In-person interviews;

Interviews;

Mail contacts;

National-level studies;

Questionnaires;

Response rates;

Sampling and sample size;

Telephone surveys;

specific surveys

administrative data vs,

child well-being, 324, 338, 346

error of measurement, 167–168, 171, 173, 174, 175, 182

income and employment, 6, 275–279, 287–288, 289, 295–303, 311

leaver studies, 406–408

taxation, 277, 278, 285–286

AFDC, 276, 278–283 (passim), 289, 300

age factors, 29, 33, 37, 43, 135–136, 137–138, 142, 167–168, 171, 176

best practices, surveys, 3, 9, 55, 56, 68, 72–75, 78, 79, 86

child well-being, 324

employment and income, 6, 275, 276–290, 295–303, 403–408, 409–411

leaver studies, 2, 390–393, 403–412

measurement error, 157–194, 277, 282–290 (passim), 406, 408, 409

AFDC, 171–173

age factors, 167–168, 171, 176

educational attainment, 167–168, 173

missing data, 3, 129–158

paying respondents for participation, 105–128

qualitative studies and, 356, 357, 358–359, 377, 378

socially sensitive items, 5, 37, 66, 106, 157, 159, 164, 174–175, 177–178, 184–186

TANF, 6, 26–27, 134, 170, 278, 280, 282–283, 403, 409, 412

telephone surveys, response rates, 55–85

Survey of Consumer Attitudes, 121

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), 363

incentives for respondents, 109–110

income and employment data, 275, 277, 279, 280–281, 284–290, 310, 311

T

TANF, see Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

Taxation

administrative data vs survey data, 277, 278, 285–286

Earned Income Tax Credits (EITC), 275, 305–306, 446–447

Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 7, 285–286, 302, 303–309, 312

state income tax data, 57–58, 239, 293, 303–309, 311, 312

Technical assistance, administrative data confidentiality, 256–257, 267

Telephone surveys, 31, 32–33, 34, 37, 49, 55–85, 90, 98–100, 101, 103

access to telephones by householders, 87, 98–100, 133

answering machines, 4, 32, 48, 62–63

best practices, 55, 56, 68, 72–75, 78, 79, 86

computer-assisted telephone interview, 111

cost factors, 56, 59–61, 78–83

databases, 30, 57, 58, 59, 60, 69, 70–71

incentives, 4–5, 70–71, 72, 82–83, 106, 108, 110, 111

interviewer training, 63–64, 66, 67, 68

leaver studies, 2, 3–4, 55, 57, 67–75, 78–79, 403–406

longitudinal, 55, 56

mail contacts and, 58–59, 66–73 (passim), 82

questionnaires, 64–66, 68, 78

random digit dialing (RDD) methods, 55–56, 63, 65, 76–78, 82–83, 106, 111

refusal conversion, 4, 5, 25, 36, 42, 50, 63, 64, 65, 66–67, 68, 70–71, 75, 99

response rates, 3–4, 31, 32–33, 34, 37, 56–67, 70–75 (passim), 78–83, 87, 93, 141, 404–405, 502

sampling, 55–85

state government, 56–58, 69

tracing and tracking, 59–61, 68, 70–72, 73–75, 79–81, 98–99

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), 1, 220, 275, 387

administrative data, 6, 134, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 214, 224, 225, 249, 278, 283, 355, 400–403, 431, 432, 437, 445, 446

administrative data, child well-being, 316–317, 318, 324–325, 326, 327, 331–337 (passim), 343, 344, 346

caseload heterogeneity, 482

child well-being, qualitative data, 356

income and employment data, 275, 276, 278, 280, 282–283, 290, 310, 311–312

leaver studies, 8, 26–27, 72, 170, 205, 249, 356, 359, 388–403 (passim), 409, 412, 431, 432, 437, 445, 446

noncoverage, surveys, 134

program participation, 276, 280

qualitative studies, 355, 356, 359, 369, 370, 371

survey data, general, 278, 280, 282–283, 403, 409, 412

survey nonresponse, 6, 26–27, 134

survey respondents, error of measurement, 170

waivers, 317

Three-City Study, 372–373

Time limits, 1, 6, 395, 472

child well-being, 343

income and employment data, 275

Time-use surveys, 32, 175

Tracing and tracking, 30

cost factors, 30, 59–61, 79–81, 101

followup, 4, 33, 48, 74, 75, 81, 88, 116, 131

in-person surveys, 61, 74, 92–94, 96, 101, 102

telephone surveys, 59–61, 68, 70–72, 73–75, 79–81, 98–99

Training, see Education and training

Transportation assistance, 367

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
×

U

Unemployment insurance records, 7, 69, 132, 203, 225, 249, 276(n.3), 277, 278, 287, 290–312, 403, 406–408, 413, 417–422, 431, 442–445, 451, 462

Urban areas

in-person surveys, 87, 90, 93, 96, 97

leaver studies, 427–472 (passim)

nonresponse, surveys, 21, 33, 36, 87, 142–143

qualitative studies, 359–360, 366, 368, 370–374, 382

survey respondent error of measurement, 167–168

Three-City Study, 372–373

tracing and tracking, 75

Urban Change project, 371–372, 375–376

Urban Institute, see National Survey of America’s Families

V

Vital statistics, 75, 225, 323, 327–331

W

Waiver programs, 317

Weighting, 25–28, 131, 138–155, 252, 290

Well-being, general, 389, 394–395, 406

see also Child well-being;

Health status and care;

Income and earnings, general;

Leaver studies

administrative data, 197

defined, 389, 394

telephone surveys, 78

Welfare leavers, see Leaver studies

Welfare stayers, see Stayers

WIC, see Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children

Women, see Gender factors

Work requirements, 1, 472

child health status and, 321

World Wide Web, see Internet

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2002. Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10206.
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Studies of Welfare Populations: Data Collection and Research Issues Get This Book
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This volume, a companion to Evaluating Welfare Reform in an Era of Transition, is a collection of papers on data collection issues for welfare and low-income populations. The papers on survey issues cover methods for designing surveys taking into account nonresponse in advance, obtaining high response rates in telephone surveys, obtaining high response rates in in-person surveys, the effects of incentive payments, methods for adjusting for missing data in surveys of low-income populations, and measurement error issues in surveys, with a special focus on recall error. The papers on administrative data cover the issues of matching and cleaning, access and confidentiality, problems in measuring employment and income, and the availability of data on children. The papers on welfare leavers and welfare dynamics cover a comparison of existing welfare leaver studies, data from the state of Wisconsin on welfare leavers, and data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth used to construct measures of heterogeneity in the welfare population based on the recipient's own welfare experience. A final paper discusses qualitative data.

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