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Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants: The Scope and Adequacy of Regulation
historical perspectives, 8 , 19 , 72-74 , 83 , 101 , 120 , 167 , 173 , 174 , 190
legislative mandates,
Federal Noxious Weed Act, 108
Federal Plant Pest Act, 1 , 4 , 49 , 50 , 81-87 , 101-102 , 234 , 253-254
Federal Plant Quarantine Act, 1 , 4 , 49 , 50 , 87 , 101-102 , 234 , 253-254
Plant Protection Act (proposed), 15- 16 , 101 , 236 , 253-254
monarch butterfly protection, Bt , 72-74
non-target species, 177-178 , 179 , 180-182 , 296
petitions for deregulation status, 129-130 , 140-141 , 154-156 , 157 , 161 , 163 , 188 , 189
notification requirements, 2 , 9 , 10 , 13 , 51 , 87 , 104 , 105 , 107-110 , 112 , 121-123 , 167-181 (passim), 190 , 296
field testing, 108 , 109-110 , 122-123
pharmaceuticals, 9 , 108 , 180
pollen, 132-133 , 181
standards, 109 , 122
time factors, 9 , 51 , 108 , 169 , 173 , 174
permitting, 9-10 , 13 , 110-111 , 112 , 123-126 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 172 , 173 , 175 , 178 , 179 , 183 , 190
field testing, 131 , 132 , 133-135 , 150-151 , 183-184
pharmaceuticals, 9-10 , 110 , 123-126
pollen, 124-125 , 188
spatial factors, 124-125 , 131 , 179 , 188-189
time factors, 11 , 132
petitions for nonregulation status, 8 , 9 , 10 , 13 , 50 , 73 , 102 , 104 , 111-118 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 175-176 , 183-190 , 233 , 235 , 252 , 296
case studies, 126-166 , 167
extension of determination of, 104 , 118-120
field testing, 131 , 132 , 133-135 , 150-151 , 183-184
hybridization, 131 , 132 , 133-135 , 150-151 , 183-184
non-target species, 129-130 , 140-141 , 154-156 , 157 , 161 , 163 , 188 , 189
pharmaceuticals,
notification process, 9 , 108 , 180
permitting, 9-10 , 110 , 123-126
postcommercialization testing and monitoring, 12-14 , 192-219
theoretical issues, 193-196
public input, 9-10 , 12 , 104 , 105 , 118 , 127 , 135 , 165-166 , 168-175 , 182 , 188 , 191 , 212
reference scenarios, 90 , 91 , 122-123
risk analysis, general, 6 , 60 , 81-87 , 172 , 252-254
spatial factors, 8-9 , 13 , 103-104 , 150 , 176 , 179 , 184 , 191
permitting process, 124-125 , 131 , 179 , 188-189
staffing, 12 , 182 , 187 , 191 , 205-207
standards, 109 , 122 , 187
time factors,
notification and field testing, 9 , 51 , 108 , 169 , 173 , 174
permitting, 111 , 132
regulation, other, 102 , 118-120 , 135 , 169
viruses, 104 , 106 , 109 , 113-114 , 116-117 , 118 , 126-135 , 152 , 159-160 , 187
weediness, 11 , 104 , 105 , 113 , 122 , 130-133 , 139-140 , 142 , 147-150 , 160 , 165 , 178-179
weeds, general, 104 , 105 , 113 , 122 , 156-157
wild relatives, 129-135 (passim), 149-153 , 157 , 160 , 163
Animal feed, 136 , 181 , 307
Antibiotic resistance, 44 , 89 , 119 , 125 , 145-146
Antibiotics, other, 144 , 145 , 228
Avidin, 9 , 180-181
B
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) , 7 , 38 , 39 , 70-75 , 184 , 196 , 233-234 , 301
corn, 7 , 8 , 38-39 , 70-75 , 125 , 144-158 , 167 , 179 , 188 , 221 , 234-235
EPA role, 73-74 , 157 , 235
monarch butterflies, effects on, 71-75 , 197 , 216
reference scenarios, 87 , 91-92 , 93-94 , 96-98
cotton, 9 , 131 , 158-166 , 184 , 221 , 234
EPA role, 9 , 159 , 160-161 , 165 , 184
EPA, general, 233-234
