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Wickens et al. (2001)
|
Case- control
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233 cases with wheezing or asthma; 241 controls; ages 7–9 years (New Zealand)
|
DTP,* DT, polio, MMR, measles, BCG, HepB from medical records
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Wheezing or asthma in last 12 months by proxy or self-report
|
Unadjusted ORs (95% CI):
Adjusted ORs (95% CI)
|
Potential selection bias, exposure misclassification, or multiple comparisons
|
weak evidence relevant to causality; favors no effect of any vaccine
|
|
Hurwitz & Morgenstern (2000)
|
cross-sectional survey (NHAN ES III)
|
13,944 infants and children ages 2 months through 16 years (United States)
|
DTP* or tetanus, by proxy (information obtained from children’s parent or guardian)
|
history of physician-diagnosed asthma, hay fever; self-report of allergic reactions by proxy; atopy by skin testing with 10 allergens
|
Estimated Crude ORs (95% CI)/Adjusted ORs (95% CI) of DTP or tetanus vaccination on following
|
Study limitations included the following: cross-sectional design, recall bias; missing data on 2.4% of unvaccinated subjects; small number of unvaccinated children; lack of clinical information; selection bias for care-seeking behavior; unmeasured confounding; limited ability to control for con
|
weak evidence relevant to causality; favors effect of DTP or tetanus vaccine on clinical history of allergic disorder but no effect on atopy defined by skin test reactivity
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