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Effects of Trawling and Dredging on Seafloor Habitat
Geographic Information System,
36
Questions of Scale,
36
Distribution and Intensity of Fishing Effort,
37
Regional Fisheries,
39
New England: Maine to Connecticut,
39
Mid-Atlantic: New York to Virginia,
42
South Atlantic: North Carolina to Eastern Florida,
43
Gulf of Mexico: Western Florida to Texas,
44
Pacific: California, Oregon, and Washington,
44
North Pacific: Alaska,
46
Conclusion,
47
5
Analyzing the Risk to Seafloor Habitats
48
Framework for Decisionmaking,
48
Exposure Assessment Model,
49
Research,
50
Risk Assessment,
50
Risk Management,
51
Comparative Risk Assessment,
52
Description of Criteria,
53
Summary,
54
6
Management Options
57
Gear Modifications,
57
Closed Areas,
59
Effort Reduction,
61
Conclusion,
63
7
Findings and Recommendations
65
Recommendations,
66
Interpretation and Use of Existing Data,
66
Integration of Management Options,
66
Policy Issues Raised by Existing Legislation,
67
Future Research,
67
Gear Impacts and Modification,
67
Habitat Evaluation,
68
Management,
68
References
69
Appendixes
A Committee and Staff Biographies
77
B Regional Distribution of Fishing Effort
80
C Mapping Tools
120
D Workshop Agendas
122
E Acronyms
126
