NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This report and the committee were supported by National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Sea Grant College Program, the National Science Foundation, The Whitaker Foundation, Minerals Management Service, Electric Power Institute, and the National Academy of Sciences. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2002105053