|
Items in cart [1] |
Questions? Call 888-624-8373 |
| Copyright © 2009. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Terms of Use and Privacy Statement |
Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page 39
Page 39
Challenges at the Zelenograd
Technopark
Vladimir Leontyev *
Zelenograd Science and Technology Park
Historically the city of Zelenograd has been the center of the
Russian electronics engineering industry. A great number of large
electronics industry enterprises are concentrated in the city, and
small business in the scientific-technical sphere is actively
developing under the current market conditions. More than 500 small
high-tech businesses are currently operating in Zelenograd, with
their activities focusing on the creation and production of
high-tech products in advanced areas of modern science and
engineering.
The rapid development of high-tech business created a need for
appropriate support structures. In response to this need, a
well-developed infrastructure for innovation has been created on
the basis of the Moscow State Institute of Electronics Engineering
(Technical University) (MIEE). This infrastructure includes all the
necessary elements of support for hightech business: the Zelenograd
Science and Technology Park, the “Technological Center”
State Research Center, the Fund for the Support of Scientific
Research and Business, a nongovernmental fund for research and
development work, and an investment company. A venture capital fund
is also being organized.
The innovation structure that has been created provides support
throughout all stages of the process of creating new
scientific-technical products: from the ideas of the scientist to
the mass production of finished products.
* Translated from the Russian by Kelly Robbins.
OCR for page 40
Page 40
The research unit of MIEE organizes basic and applied
scientific research by scientists in university
departments and scientific labs.
The “Technological Center” State Research
Center carries out applied research and development and
produces experimental samples and test batches of
innovative items.
The Innovation Center for New Technologies is engaged in
introducing new scientific-technical products into
production.
The Proton Experimental Plant manufactures products based
on development work done by small scientific-technical
firms and scientific collectives from MIEE.
The innovation structure also includes elements that help to translate
scientific ideas into the manufacture of scientific-technical products
by small business enterprises operating under market conditions.
The Zelenograd Science and Technology Park provides
infrastructure, methodology, and information support
predominantly to newly created scientific-technical firms.
The Zelenograd Innovative Technology Center creates
conditions for increasing output volumes of innovative
products by developed scientific-technical companies of
the region by means of providing an innovation
infrastructure and financial and consulting support.
The small- and medium-sized scientific-technical firms
cooperating with the technopark and the innovative
technology center serve as the sources of innovations and
simultaneously bring these innovations to the market.
The Innovative Industrial Complex is a project-oriented coordinating
body that focuses its efforts on the final stage of the innovation
process, namely the organization of batch production of the most
promising hightech products.
The following organizations provide efficient financial support for
innovation projects:
MIEE Fund for Support of Scientific Research and Business
local office of the Fund to Promote the Development of
Small Enterprises in the Scientific-Technical Sphere
nongovernmental Fund for Research and Development
THE ZELENOGRAD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PARK:
FOUNDER OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN ZELENOGRAD
The Zelenograd Science and Technology Park (ZSTP) has served as the
initiator in developing tools to support innovation activity in
Zeleno-
OCR for page 41
Page 41
grad. It was officially registered in June 1991 as an association of
Zelenograd enterprises. The founders of the park were the Moscow State
Institute of Electronics Engineering (Technical University) and a
number of state enterprises in the city.
Being one of the first science parks in Russia, ZSTP has shaped its
activities by looking to the experience of foreign technoparks,
analyzing problems that have arisen, and searching for ways of
resolving them.
During the nine years of its existence, the Zelenograd Science and
Technology Park has devoted its primary attention to developing and
improving the service sphere for small firms working in the
scientific-technical field. ZSTP managers have regularly studied
demand in the high-tech business services market and have conducted
targeted efforts to create and develop markets for new services. ZSTP
has accumulated a great deal of experience in the field of consulting
for small innovative enterprises. During this time, ZSTP has carried
out several major international projects in which consultations for
the staffs of high-tech companies played an important role. In the
course of implementing projects for the British government's
Know-How Fund, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development,
the European Union's Tacis program, the U.S. Agency for
International Development, and the Eurasia Foundation, dozens of
foreign hightech business experts and specialists were involved and
actively cooperated with ZSTP. Working jointly with ZSTP managers,
they have conducted a considerable number of consultations and
seminars on the most urgent problems facing small business. Moreover,
all of this work was of a regular and not episodic nature—that
is, the time periods of various separate projects overlapped, and
foreign experts worked at ZSTP for periods ranging from several weeks
to several months to a year or more.
Nine years of work have built an effective infrastructure for
innovative business, and considerable experience has been accumulated
regarding the commercialization of scientific-technical developments
and the promotion of firms' products on the Russian and foreign
markets.
ZELENOGRAD INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY CENTER: KEY
ELEMENT IN THE TECHNOLOGY COMMERCIALIZATION PROCESS
The Zelenograd Innovative Technology Center (ZITC) was established
in 1998 within the framework of the Interagency Program for
Activation of Innovation Activity in the Scientific-Technical
Sphere in Russia. ZITC is now the best developed and most promising
innovative technology center in Russia. In this regard, the
existence of an innovation infrastructure and the possibility of
applying the many years of innovation experience already
accumulated by existing institutions in this field have been
decisive factors in the rapid establishment of ZITC.
OCR for page 42
Page 42
The main task of ZITC is to develop innovation activity in Zelenograd
Region by providing comprehensive support for small business in the
scientific-technical sphere. ZITC is responsible for facilitating the
technology commercialization process by supporting innovation projects
involving the creation of market-oriented competitive products, with
such assistance being provided primarily to develop
scientific-technical companies. The center's work also promotes
heightened engineering and scientific-technical standards as well as
the growth of production and sales volumes at the firms it assists.
The activity of ZITC has attracted the attention of small high-tech
firms, and at present, cooperation has been established with more than
80 companies in the region. Of these firms, 37 percent are devoted to
information systems technologies, 27 percent to instrument making, 22
percent to software development, and 14 percent to telecommunications
systems.
THE INNOVATIVE-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
The creation of the Innovative-Industrial Complex (IIC) was the
logical next step in the further development of structures for the
support of innovative business. IIC consists of MIEE, including its
structural subunits, the Proton Experimental Plant, the
“Technological Center” State Research Center, the
Zelenograd Innovative Technology Center, the Innovation Center for
New Technologies, the Zelenograd Science and Technology Park, the
MIEE Fund for Support of Scientific Research and Business, and
small and medium-sized scientific-technical firms of the region.
The organizational structure of IIC is project-oriented in nature.
Participants join forces to carry out specific innovation projects
on the basis of standard partnership agreements (joint
cooperation). Such a way of organizing relations makes it possible
to take the interests of participants into account more fully. It
also provides flexibility for the participation of various parties
at different stages of IIC's activities and promotes
unconditional fulfillment of the joint commitments made by
participants during the execution of specific projects.
Within the framework of the Innovative-Industrial Complex and with
the direct participation of ZITC, a well-developed research and
production infrastructure has been created, helping to move the
results of MIEE scientific research into actual production and
providing comprehensive support to the high-tech companies of
Zelenograd. In 1998, 1,500 square meters of research and production
space was finished in the new building of the Innovation Center for
New Technologies. During implementation of IIC innovation projects
in 2000, 800 square meters of production space was put into service
at the Proton Experimental Plant, and a new building with 4,200
square meters of space was completed at the Zelenograd Inno
OCR for page 43
OCR for page 44
OCR for page 45
OCR for page 46
OCR for page 47
Representative terms from entire chapter:
innovative technology
Page 43
vative Technology Center. This building currently houses 11 leading
Zelenograd scientific-technical companies.
One result of the development and improvement of the IIC
infrastructure has been the dynamic growth of the high-tech companies
(see Figure 1), which confirms the great
significance and effectiveness of comprehensive structures for the
support of high-tech small business.
THE CONCEPT OF CREATING A TECHNOLOGICAL
VILLAGE
World experience shows that during the process of creating a
scientific-technical product, it is best to use a comprehensive
approach in dealing with the indivisible process moving from
scientific ideas to the production and sale of created products
under market conditions. Each stage in the product creation process
should receive comprehensive support— intellectual,
financial, and infrastructural.
From the standpoint of foreign practice, the optimum model for such
an approach involves creating and developing a network of
innovative technology complexes. Such complexes have long existed
in many developed countries of Europe and America and are being
developed successfully in China.
The direct task of innovative technology complexes lies in creating
the most favorable conditions for innovative firms at all stages of
the scientific-technical product creation chain, including complete
intellectual and infrastructural support, mechanisms for
multichannel financing (including venture capital), and marketing
support.
~ enlarge ~
FIGURE 1 Dynamics of business indicators for scientific-technical
companies at the innovative-industrial complex.
Page 44
This concept has as its goal the creation of the first such complex
(technological village) in Russia on the basis of the
innovative-industrial complex that has already been established in
Zelenograd.
URGENT NEED TO CREATE A TECHNOLOGICAL
VILLAGE ON THE BASIS OF IIC
The creation of the innovative-industrial complex was an expression
of the policy of concentrating the resources of participants of the
Interagency Program for Activation of Innovation Activity in the
Scientific-Technical Sphere in Russia and targeting investments in
the most promising innovation structures. The aim of this policy is
to use positive results achieved as a model for growth to be
further replicated in other regions of Russia.
A modern research and production complex has now been created and
is continuing to develop. It features all the elements necessary
for successful creation of scientific-technical products, including
an educational unit, a powerful scientific sphere, a well-developed
innovation structure, and an experimental production facility.
Thus, the infrastructure that has been formed at IIC includes all
the necessary elements for the successful commercialization of
scientific-technical developments and represents an optimal base on
which the project for creating a technological village can be
carried out.
PRECONDITIONS FOR CREATION OF A
TECHNOLOGICAL VILLAGE
An analysis of IIC operations indicates the following essential
preconditions determining the expediency of creating a
technological village:
The existing research and production infrastructure
cannot provide support to all scientific-technical
companies that need it. The process of allocating space
in the Innovation Center for New Technologies and the
Zelenograd Innovative Technology Center has illustrated
the high demand for such infrastructural support on the
part of small scientific-technical companies. At
present, about 80 more scientific-technical companies
in Zelenograd are in urgent need of research and
production space, with each company requiring from 300
to 1,000 square meters of office and manufacturing
space. Thus, taking into account only Zelenograd firms,
the average need for infrastructural support in terms
of additional space totals 52,000 square meters. The
activities of IIC have also attracted the attention of
firms from beyond Zelenograd. Contacts have been
established with enterprises from Moscow and Moscow
Oblast, which increases the potential need for space by
approximately 35 to 40 percent.
Page 45
The small scientific-technical firms at IIC have in their
arsenals a considerable number of promising innovation
projects aimed at manufacturing high-tech products. However,
opportunities for carrying these projects out are limited by
IIC's lack of a sufficient technological base that would
make it possible to manufacture products meeting the required
technological standards. For successful implementation of
planned innovation projects, it is necessary to apply the
newest technologies in micromechanics, microelectronics, and
device miniaturization—surface mounting, reverse
mounting, multicrystal modules, microassemblies, and
microsystems. Thus, there is an obvious need to equip and
reequip the IIC technological base, which will make it
possible to close the gap that is forming between the high
scientific-technical level of new research developments and
the insufficient technological capacities of the available
equipment.
LONG-TERM PLAN FOR IIC DEVELOPMENT IN
CONJUNCTION WITH THE TECHNOLOGICAL VILLAGE PROJECT
Prospects for the further development of IIC are connected with
implementation of the project to create a technological village.
The primary goals of the project, in accordance with existing
preconditions for the development of IIC, are as follows:
constructing and equipping new research and production
buildings with a total area of 19,600 square meters to
accommodate scientific-technical companies from
Zelenograd and Moscow region
creating research and production centers at IIC,
providing them with modern equipment, and adapting the
latest technologies in microelectronics, electronics
engineering, radioelectronic cluster minimization, and
micromechanics to the newly installed equipment
providing access to the equipment and technologies of
the centers to all participants in the technological
village
During work on the project, four research and production buildings
with a total area of 19,600 square meters will be constructed.
Plans call for devoting 30 percent of the space to offices, 30
percent to laboratories, and 40 percent to manufacturing. The
buildings will be provided with technological and laboratory
equipment, with the exact type of equipment to be determined by the
needs of the small scientific-technical firms that will be the
future consumers of services in the technological village. In
addition, the following research and production centers will also
be formed:
Design Center for Specialized
VLSIs
The design center will support the process of designing VLSI
(very large scale integrated) circuits, the main components in
modern micro
Page 46
electronic devices. Leading Zelenograd technological firms with the
appropriate resources for designing modern VLSIs will be involved in
the work of the center. Production of VLSIs based on the results of
the design center's work will be implemented within the IIC
framework using the technological capacities of Zelenograd industrial
enterprises and foreign partners. In particular, the
“Technological Center” State Research Center and
industrial enterprises of Zelenograd will produce VLSIs with
topological norms down to 0.5 microns. VLSIs with high topological
norms (less than 0.5 microns) will be manufactured in cooperation with
foreign firms having the appropriate technological resources.
The design center will operate out of facilities of the Zelenograd
Innovative Technology Center using equipment from Zelenograd
scientific-technical firms.
Research and Production Center for the
Design and Experimental Production of Electronic Devices Using
Surface and Reverse Mounting Technologies
The task of this center will be designing and initiating
experimental production of new electronic devices, especially those
created on the basis of VLSI circuits from the design center.
The experimental production facilities will be located in remodeled
space at the Proton Experimental Plant and will handle assembly of
finished products using modern production lines for surface and
reverse mounting of printed circuit components for
radioelectronics.
Research and Production Center for the
Design and Experimental Production of Micromechanical
Devices
This center will design promising microelectromechanical systems
(MEMS) using modern instrumental-technological modeling equipment
that has been acquired. In the initial phase the sensors,
actuators, and microsystems designed are being manufactured by the
“Technological Center” State Research Center of MIEE.
Plans call for the subsequent creation of a pilot miniplant for
manufacturing, assembling, and testing MEMS elements. Another task
of the center involves creating samples of new hardware using
microelectromechanical devices, specialized LSI circuits, and
electronic modules and then putting them into small-scale
production.
Center for Metrological Measurements
The Center for Metrological Measurements will use the latest
measurement technology to test scientific-technical products,
especially those
Page 47
created within the operating framework of the IIC research and
production centers. Inclusion of this center in the IIC structure will
help to ensure the production of reliable high-quality output. The
Center for Metrological Measurements will operate in space at the
Proton Experimental Plant.
As new buildings are completed in the technological village, two more
research and production centers will be created:
1. The Center for the Design of Miniaturized Radioelectronic
Clusters and Components
2. The Center for the Design and Experimental Production of
Multicrystal Modules, Microassemblies, and Microsystems
Integration of the above-mentioned research and production centers
into the existing IIC technological infrastructure will make it
possible to carry out all stages in the cycle of creating high-tech
science-intensive products within the framework of the technological
village. The research and production centers of the technological
village will be accessible to collectives from the scientific labs of
MIEE and the scientific-technical companies on a collective access
regime. In this way, the high-tech equipment will be efficiently used,
which will make it possible to use the latest technologies at
acceptable prices in the process of creating and test producing
scientific-technical products.
CONCLUSION
The Innovative-Industrial Complex in Zelenograd is objectively
recognized as the most promising in Russia with respect to the
possibilities it offers for building a working model for the
innovation complex of the future. This action would represent the
formation of a qualitatively new system of innovation support in
the revival of the Russian economy.
The technological village being created under IIC auspices will
become a center for the generation of innovation programs, a unique
test site for trying the latest engineering solutions and testing,
certifying, and subsequently mass producing the equipment that will
be created. The village will make it possible to provide
infrastructural support in the implementation of comprehensive
innovation programs aimed at creating competitive high-tech
products.
The high level of intellectual potential in Zelenograd together
with the capacities of the structure that has been created will
facilitate implementation of programs of federal significance in
the fields of electronics engineering, instrument making, new
information technologies, and telecommunications.
