As noted earlier, this workshop is being held at a time when new technologies and new intellectual perspectives are available to push research into new research frontiers. This workshop was designed to bring together clinicians, epidemiologists, researchers, technologists, public health practioners, policymakers, and other interested parties to discuss the recent opportunities in cancer research. We will discuss many of the opportunities for areas of future research and prevention. Finally, we will use the broader perspective of environments—one that encompasses the effects of the social, built (including occupational), and natural environment—to begin to understand why not everyone or every group that is exposed to an environmental stressor develops cancer.