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PAPERBACK price:$99.95 add to cart Rights & Permissions Free PDF Access Sign in to download PDF book and chapters Free Resources PDF Report Brief PDF SUMMARY Display this book on your site! Related Titles Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements Dietary Reference Intakes Research Synthesis: Workshop Summary Other Related Titles Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) (2005) Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) Citation Manager Export the bibliographic data for this book in your chosen format Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Citation Manager . "J Association of Added Sugars Intake and Intake of Other Nutrients." Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005. Please select a format: Page 1203   E-mail Share on facebook Facebook Share on delicious Delicious Share on stumbleupon Stumble Share on twitter Twitter More Sharing ServicesMore Page 1203 Front Matter (R1-R26) Summary (1-20) 1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (21-37) 2 Methods and Approaches Used (38-52) 3 Relationship of Macronutrients and Physical Activity to Chronic Disease (53-83) 4 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (84-106) 5 Energy (107-264) 6 Dietary Carbohydrates: Sugars and Starches (265-338) 7 Dietary, Functional, and Total Fiber (339-421) 8 Dietary Fats: Total Fat and Fatty Acids (422-541) 9 Cholesterol (542-588) 10 Protein and Amino Acids (589-768) 11 Macronutrients and Healthful Diets (769-879) 12 Physical Activity (880-935) 13 Applications of Dietary Reference Intakes for Macronutrients (936-967) 14 A Research Agenda (968-972) A Glossary and Acronyms (973-977) B Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes (978-984) C Acknowledgments (985-987) D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 (988-1027) E Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996, 1998 (1028-1065) F Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1990–1997 (1066-1075) G Special Analyses for Dietary Fats (1076-1077) H Body Composition Data Based on the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 (1078-1103) I Doubly Labeled Water Data Used to Predict Energy Expenditure (1104-1202) J Association of Added Sugars Intake and Intake of Other Nutrients (1203-1225) K Data Comparing Carbohydrate Intake to Intake of Other Nutrients from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996, 1998 (1226-1243) L Options for Dealing with Uncertainties (1244-1249) M Nitrogen Balance Studies Used to Estimate the Protein Requirements in Adults (1250-1258) Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members (1259-1274) Index (1275-1318) Summary Tables, Dietary Reference Intakes (1319-1332)

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J Association of Added Sugars Intake and Intake of Other Nutrients 1203

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1204 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE J-1 Median Nutrient Intakes by Range of Percent of Daily Energy Intake from Added Sugars, Children 4 Through 8 Years of Age Percent of Energy from Added Sugars 0≤ x≤ 5 AI (800 mg/d) 69 95 85 78 Magnesium, mg 241 257 237 222 Standard error 6.3 5.2 5.2 3.4 Comparison abcde abc abcde acde Percent < EAR (110 mg/d) 0 0 0 0 Vitamin A, RAE 684 722 715 778 Standard error 32 19 13 26 Comparison abcdef abcde abcde abcd Percent < EAR (275 µg/d) 0.4 0 0.9 0.1 Vitamin E, mg α-tocopherol d 4.6 5.9 5.3 5.5 Standard error 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 Comparison aefg bcd bcde bcde Percent < EAR (6 mg/d) 76 53 68 65 Iron, mg 12.7 14.4 13.4 12.8 Standard error 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 Comparison acdef bc abcde acde Percent < EAR (4.1 mg/d) 0 0 0 0 Zinc, mg 9.1 10.3 9.0 8.8 Standard error 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Comparison acde b acde acde Percent < EAR (4 mg/d) 0 0 0 0 a AI = Adequate Intake, EAR = Estimated Average Requirement, RAE = retinol activity equivalents. b NA = data not available. c Percent ranges of energy from added sugars have been assigned a letter (a–h). When ranges of intakes do not share the same letter, they are significantly different (p < 0.5). d Estimates of mg of α-tocopherol were obtained by multiplying estimates of mg of α- tocopherol equivalents by 0.8. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. Individuals were assigned to ranges of energy intake from added sugars based on unadjusted Day 1 intakes. Estimates of nutrient intake were adjusted using the Iowa State University method and data from the subsample of individuals with Day 2 recalls

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1205 A PPENDIX J 20 < x ≤ 25 < x ≤ 30 < x ≤ 25% 30% 35% > 35% 504 297 130 127 NAb 899 771 703 22 32 43 NA ade fg fg 77 41 25 NA 219 197 188 NA 3.7 5.8 9.7 NA acdeg fg efg 0 0 0 NA 668 568 504 NA 19 38 40 NA abcef aefg fg 7.1 0.7 3.6 NA 5.2 4.7 4.0 NA 0.1 0.1 0.3 NA acdef aefg afg 77 95 99 NA 12.6 11.6 10.0 NA 0.2 0.3 0.6 NA acdef aefg fg 0 0 0 NA 8.7 7.9 6.8 NA 0.2 0.2 0.4 NA acde fg fg 0 0 0.4 NA providing estimates of usual intake. Medians, standard errors, and percents below or above the Dietary Reference Intakes were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. DATA SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994; National Cancer Institute’s Pyramid Servings Database for NHANES III; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics and University of Minnesota Nutrition Coordinating Center’s Carotenoid Data- base for NHANES III (vitamin A data only). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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1206 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE J-2 Median Nutrient Intakes by Range of Percent of Daily Energy Intake from Added Sugars, Boys 9 Through 13 Years of Age Percent of Energy from Added Sugars 0≤ x≤ 5 AI (1,300 mg/d) 50 27 23 15 Magnesium, mg 301 297 305 264 Standard error 9.9 5.1 8.7 6.3 Comparison abceh abceh abceh deh Percent < EAR (200 mg/d) 8.0 0 0.2 15.4 Vitamin A, RAE 808 757 764 730 Standard error 49 39 38 35 Comparison abcdefgh abcdefgh abcdefgh abcdefgh Percent < EAR (445 µg/d) 9.6 3.1 3.2 14.6 Vitamin E, mg α-tocopherol c 5.9 6.8 7.7 6.7 Standard error 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 Comparison abdefgh abcdefg bcdeg abcdefg Percent < EAR (9 mg/d) 81 94 64 96 Iron, mg 16.1 17.0 17.3 15.7 Standard error 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 Comparison abcdegh abcdegh abcdegh abcdegh Percent < EAR (5.9 mg/d) 0.2 0 0 0 Zinc, mg 12.5 12.6 12.6 11.1 Standard error 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 Comparison abcde abcde abce abdef Percent < EAR (7 mg/d) 2.1 0.03 1.4 0 a AI = Adequate Intake, EAR = Estimated Average Requirement, RAE = retinol activity equivalents. b NA = data not available. c Percent ranges of energy from added sugars have been assigned a letter (a–h). When ranges of intakes do not share the same letter, they are significantly different (p < 0.5). d Estimates of mg of α-tocopherol were obtained by multiplying estimates of mg of α- tocopherol equivalents by 0.8. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. Individuals were assigned to ranges of energy intake from added sugars based on unadjusted Day 1 intakes. Estimates of nutrient intake were adjusted using the Iowa State University method and data from the subsample of individuals with Day 2 recalls

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1207 A PPENDIX J 20 < x ≤ 25 < x ≤ 30 < x ≤ 25% 30% 35% > 35% 195 127 64 67 1,138 826 951 769 29 28 43 57 bcde fgh dfgh fgh 22 6.9 8.7 0 281 226 219 247 7.2 6.4 10.2 16.7 abcdeh fgh fgh abcdefgh 11.1 24.1 31 3.9 813 611 710 659 44 44 54 53 abcdegh abcdfgh abcdefgh abcdefgh 8.3 16.3 4.6 4.0 7.3 5.9 5.9 4.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 abcdefg abdefgh abcdefgh afgh 80 95 99 99.7 15.9 12.7 13.6 14.2 0.5 0.4 1.2 0.9 abcdegh fgh abcdefgh abcdefgh 0 0.7 0 0 12.5 9.8 8.0 0.4 0.3 0.4 abcde df g 0 12.9 24 providing estimates of usual intake. Medians, standard errors, and percents below or above the Dietary Reference Intakes were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. DATA SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994; National Cancer Institute’s Pyramid Servings Database for NHANES III; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics and University of Minnesota Nutrition Coordinating Center’s Carotenoid Data- base for NHANES III (vitamin A data only). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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1208 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE J-3 Median Nutrient Intakes by Range of Percent of Daily Energy Intake from Added Sugars, Boys 14 Through 18 Years of Age Percent of Energy from Added Sugars 0≤ x≤ 5 AI (1,300 mg/d) 43 41 42 42 Magnesium, mg 328 365 323 314 Standard error 16 15 13 10.3 Comparison abcdefg abcdeg abcdefg abcdefg Percent < EAR (340 mg/d) 66 31 58 60 Vitamin A, RAE 676 706 737 903 Standard error 50 49 41 53 Comparison abcefg abcdefg abcdefg bcde Percent < EAR (630 µg/d) 39 42 34 4.5 Vitamin E, mg α-tocopherol d 7.2 10.2 7.5 13.2 Standard error 0.4 0.7 0.3 1.7 Comparison acefg bde acefg bde Percent < EAR (12 mg/d) 99 100 86 45 Iron, mg 16.6 18.9 19.0 23.4 Standard error 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.4 Comparison abdefg abcdefg abcdef bcdef Percent < EAR (7.7 mg/d) 0 0.3 0 0 Zinc, mg 14.2 15.4 15.0 18.9 Standard error 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.4 Comparison abcdef abcdef abcd abcdef Percent < EAR (8.5 mg/d) 1.5 0.4 0.7 2.7 a AI = Adequate Intake, EAR = Estimated Average Requirement, RAE = retinol activity equivalents. b NA = data not available. c Percent ranges of energy from added sugars have been assigned a letter (a–h). When ranges of intakes do not share the same letter, they are significantly different (p < 0.5). d Estimates of mg of α-tocopherol were obtained by multiplying estimates of mg of α- tocopherol equivalents by 0.8. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. Individuals were assigned to ranges of energy intake from added sugars based on unadjusted Day 1 intakes. Estimates of nutrient intake were adjusted using the Iowa State University method and data from the subsample of individuals with Day 2 recalls

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1209 A PPENDIX J 20 < x ≤ 25 < x ≤ 30 < x ≤ 25% 30% 35% > 35% 165 101 66 66 NAb 1,167 955 747 42 70 49 NA abcdef abcdefg fg 29 17 4.2 NA 326 286 335 NA 10.5 18.3 49 NA abcdefg acdefg abcdefg 55 75 51 NA 770 615 546 NA 52 45 48 NA abcdef abcefg abcfg 33 52 70 NA 8.5 7.1 7.0 NA 0.3 0.4 0.4 NA abcdef acefg acfg 93 91 99 NA 19.7 17.5 15.6 NA 0.7 2.0 0.8 NA abcdef abcdefg abfg 0 0.2 0.3 NA 15.1 12.3 12.9 NA 0.6 1.8 0.9 NA abdef abdef abcefg 2.5 17.2 6.1 NA providing estimates of usual intake. Medians, standard errors, and percents below or above the Dietary Reference Intakes were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. DATA SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994; National Cancer Institute’s Pyramid Servings Database for NHANES III; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics and University of Minnesota Nutrition Coordinating Center’s Carotenoid Data- base for NHANES III (vitamin A data only). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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1210 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE J-4 Median Nutrient Intakes by Range of Percent of Daily Energy Intake from Added Sugars, Men 19 Through 50 Years of Age Percent of Energy from Added Sugars 0≤ x≤ 5 AI (1,000 mg/d) 40 54 68 46 Magnesium, mg (19–30 y) 384 436 373 370 Standard error 10 11 7 8 Comparison acd b acd acd Percent < EAR (330 mg/d) 2.7 8.5 33 17 Magnesium, mg (31–50 y) 370 401 400 339 Standard error 7 7 8 7 Comparison abc abc abc defg Percent < EAR (350 mg/d) 42 29 11 57 Vitamin A, RAE 737 694 953 764 Standard error 31 19 27 22 Comparison abdef abdef c abdef Percent < EAR (625 µg/d) 32 44 23 30 Vitamin E, mg α-tocopherol c 7.8 10.3 9.5 9.8 Standard error 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Comparison aefg bcd bce bcd Percent < EAR (12 mg/d) 86 80 85.2 91 Iron, mg 16.9 19.5 20 18.7 Standard error 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 Comparison aef bcd bcd bcd Percent < EAR (6 mg/d) 0.2 0 0 0

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1211 A PPENDIX J 20 < x ≤ 25 < x ≤ 30 < x ≤ 25% 30% 35% > 35% 565 312 190 173 917 912 798 624 21 30 37 27 adefg adefg aefg h 36 15 31 2.7 304 287 265 217 7 12 12 9 efg efg efgh gh 63 72 76 91 321 321 308 236 7 9 14 17 defg defg defg h 62 68 71 82 725 682 409 360 26 40 26 27 abdef abdef gh gh 35 43 73 85 8.5 7.5 7.2 5.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 ae afg afg h 92 98 100 99 17.1 16.0 14.1 11.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 aef aefg fg h 0 <0.05 2.6 3.1 continued

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1212 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE J-4 Continued Percent of Energy from Added Sugars 0≤ x≤ 5 OCR for page 1213
1213 A PPENDIX J 20 < x ≤ 25 < x ≤ 30 < x ≤ 25% 30% 35% > 35% 13.6 12.6 11.2 9.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 ef efg fg h 07 0 26 48 providing estimates of usual intake. Medians, standard errors, and percents below or above the Dietary Reference Intakes were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. DATA SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994; National Cancer Institute’s Pyramid Servings Database for NHANES III; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics and University of Minnesota Nutrition Coordinating Center’s Carotenoid Data- base for NHANES III (vitamin A data only). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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1215 A PPENDIX J 20 < x ≤ 25 < x ≤ 30 < x ≤ 25% 30% 35% > 35% 282 151 87 64 773 672 585 600 29 38 37 45 abcdef abdefgh fgh fgh 14 11 4.4 0 306 246 240 237 9 9 11 17 acde fgh fgh fgh 65 82 93 97 748 693 624 424 37 53 69 60 abcdefg abcdefg abdefgh gh 37 35 50 81 7.9 6.5 5.6 4.0 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 abcdef abdefg fg h 82 90 96 100 15.5 15.2 13.3 10.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 abcefg abcdefg aefgh gh 0.3 0.6 0.5 0 11.1 12.7 18.9 8.3 0.4 0.7 3.0 0.6 abdefg abcdefg abcdefg h 27 0.7 14.5 58 providing estimates of usual intake. Medians, standard errors, and percents below or above the Dietary Reference Intakes were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. DATA SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994; National Cancer Institute’s Pyramid Servings Database for NHANES III; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics and University of Minnesota Nutrition Coordinating Center’s Carotenoid Data- base for NHANES III (vitamin A data only). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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1216 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE J-6 Median Nutrient Intakes by Range of Percent of Daily Energy Intake from Added Sugars, Girls 9 Through 13 Years of Age Percent of Energy from Added Sugars 0≤ x≤ 5 AI (1,300 mg/d) 16 15 4.2 7.9 Magnesium, mg 255 280 235 230 Standard error 9 7 6 7 Comparison abcdg ab acdg acdeg Percent < EAR (200 mg/d) 16 0 17 30 Vitamin A, RAE 650 729 741 741 Standard error 207 57 34 34 Comparison abcdefgh abcdeg abcdeg abcdeg Percent < EAR (420 µg/d) 16 6.4 3.5 2.7 Vitamin E, mg α-tocopherol c 5.4 5.9 5.8 6.2 Standard error 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 Comparison abcdefg abcdeg abcdeg abcdeg Percent < EAR (9 mg/d) 97 80 97 89 Iron, mg 15.7 15.8 13.5 13.2 Standard error 6.1 0.6 0.5 0.5 Comparison abcdefgh abg acdeg acdeg Percent < EAR (5.7 mg/d) 1.9 0 0 0.2 Zinc, mg 10.7 10.5 9.3 9.8 Standard error 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 Comparison abcdg abcdg abcdeg abcdeg Percent < EAR (7 mg/d) 12 5.7 17 14 a AI = Adequate Intake, EAR = Estimated Average Requirement, RAE = retinol activity equivalents. b NA = data not available. c Percent ranges of energy from added sugars have been assigned a letter (a–h). When ranges of intakes do not share the same letter, they are significantly different (p < 0.5). d Estimates of mg of α-tocopherol were obtained by multiplying estimates of mg of α- tocopherol equivalents by 0.8. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. Individuals were assigned to ranges of energy intake from added sugars based on unadjusted Day 1 intakes. Estimates of nutrient intake were adjusted using the Iowa State University method and data from the subsample of individuals with Day 2 recalls

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1217 A PPENDIX J 20 < x ≤ 25 < x ≤ 30 < x ≤ 25% 30% 35% > 35% 210 124 70 64 785 614 720 479 29 24 23 26 adeg af aeg ah 1.5 0.2 2.4 0 208 180 221 133 6 4 11 8 deg f acdeg h 44 73 35 90 606 413 553 406 32 26 57 69 abcdegh afgh abcdefgh aefgh 18 51 19 52 5.5 4.6 5.7 3.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 abcdefg aefg abcdefg h 95 99 87 97 12.3 10.5 12.8 8.2 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.5 acdeg afg abcdefg ah 0.2 0 0.2 10.5 8.4 7.3 10.6 5.1 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.4 cdefg efg abcdefg h 23 43 4.5 77 providing estimates of usual intake. Medians, standard errors, and percents below or above the Dietary Reference Intakes were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. DATA SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994; National Cancer Institute’s Pyramid Servings Database for NHANES III; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics and University of Minnesota Nutrition Coordinating Center’s Carotenoid Data- base for NHANES III (vitamin A data only). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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1218 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE J-7 Median Nutrient Intakes by Range of Percent of Daily Energy Intake from Added Sugars, Girls 14 Through 18 Years of Age Percent of Energy from Added Sugars 0≤ x≤ 5 AI (1,300 mg/d) 4.5 28 11 0.7 Magnesium, mg 350 264 261 221 Standard error 57 11 9 6 Comparison abcdef abce abce ade Percent < EAR (300 mg/d) 34 65 77 85 Vitamin A, RAE 407 613 688 642 Standard error 42 41 38 41 Comparison aefg bcdg bcd bcdg Percent < EAR (485 µ/d) 76 31 22 18 Vitamin E, mg α-tocopherol c 6.0 8.5 6.5 9.8 Standard error 0.6 0.5 0.3 1.0 Comparison acefg bd acdefg bcde Percent < EAR (12 mg/d) 99 100 100 69 Iron, mg 12.7 12.5 14.2 13.9 Standard error 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.5 Comparison abcdef abcde abcde abcde Percent < EAR (7.9 mg/d) 6.9 15 0.7 0.2 Zinc, mg 8.3 9.8 10.8 9.8 Standard error 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 Comparison abdefg abcdef bcde abcdef Percent < EAR (3.0 mg/d) 39 33 16 27 a AI = Adequate Intake, EAR = Estimated Average Requirement, RAE = retinol activity equivalents. b NA = data not available. c Percent ranges of energy from added sugars have been assigned a letter (a–h). When ranges of intakes do not share the same letter, they are significantly different (p < 0.5). d Estimates of mg of α-tocopherol were obtained by multiplying estimates of mg of α- tocopherol equivalents by 0.8. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. Individuals were assigned to ranges of energy intake from added sugars based on unadjusted Day 1 intakes. Estimates of nutrient intake were adjusted using the Iowa State University method and data from the subsample of individuals with Day 2 recalls

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1219 A PPENDIX J 20 < x ≤ 25 < x ≤ 30 < x ≤ 25% 30% 35% > 35% 141 119 73 94 719 647 598 434 28 37 34 30 adefg aefg aefg h 0 0 2.4 0.8 228 183 168 129 7 8 8 7 abcde afg fg h 85 100 100 98 404 369 429 242 28 23 61 24 aefg aefg abdefgh gh 73 71 65 98 6.7 5.2 5.1 3.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 acde acfg acfg h 97 100 98 100 12.3 10.5 8.9 6.9 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 abcdef aefg fgh gh 3.0 9.8 28 67 9.8 8.3 6.7 4.9 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 abcdef abdefg afg h 14.5 39 88 86 providing estimates of usual intake. Medians, standard errors, and percents below or above the Dietary Reference Intakes were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. DATA SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994; National Cancer Institute’s Pyramid Servings Database for NHANES III; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics and University of Minnesota Nutrition Coordinating Center’s Carotenoid Data- base for NHANES III (vitamin A data only). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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1220 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE J-8 Median Nutrient Intakes by Range of Percent of Daily Energy Intake from Added Sugars, Women 19 Through 50 Years of Age Percent of Energy from Added Sugars 0≤ x≤ 5 AI (1,000 mg/d) 14 22 17 9.1 Magnesium, mg (19–30 y) 231 254 254 260 Standard error 7 6 6 7 Comparison abcdef abcde abcde abcd Percent < EAR (255 mg/d) 65 50 51 48 Magnesium, mg (31–50 y) 265 287 277 263 Standard error 6 5 5 5 Comparison abcd abc abcd acd Percent < EAR (265 mg/d) 50 36 41 52 Vitamin A, RAE 542 665 675 543 Standard error 20 21 18 15 Comparison adef bc bc adef Percent < EAR (500 µg/d) 43 28 11 39 Vitamin E, mg α-tocopherol c 6.6 6.8 7.4 7.0 Standard error 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Comparison abcd abcd abcd abcd Percent < EAR (12 mg/d) 100 94 90 94 Iron, mg 12.3 13.9 13.2 13.1 Standard error 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 Comparison acdef bcd abcd abcd Percent < EAR (8.1 mg/d) 5.7 0.7 3.4 0

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1221 A PPENDIX J 20 < x ≤ 25 < x ≤ 30 < x ≤ 25% 30% 35% > 35% 648 455 253 326 650 607 542 404 15 17 19 17 aef aefg fg h 6.6 9.3 3.5 0.3 229 210 184 156 6 6 7 8 abcef aefg fgh gh 78 84 83 99 226 212 180 145 5 6 7 6 ef ef g h 86 84 94 100 480 491 395 294 16 21 24 19 adefg adefg efg h 55 51 71 86 5.5 5.3 4.8 3.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 efg efg efg h 99 97 99 100 11.6 11.3 10.0 7.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 aef aefg fg h 9.5 11.5 29 63 continued

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1222 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE J-8 Continued Percent of Energy from Added Sugars 0≤ x≤ 5 OCR for page 1223
1223 A PPENDIX J 20 < x ≤ 25 < x ≤ 30 < x ≤ 25% 30% 35% > 35% 8.8 8.4 7.4 5.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 aef ef g h 13 29 42 77 providing estimates of usual intake. Medians, standard errors, and percents below or above the Dietary Reference Intakes were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. DATA SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994; National Cancer Institute’s Pyramid Servings Database for NHANES III; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics and University of Minnesota Nutrition Coordinating Center’s Carotenoid Data- base for NHANES III (vitamin A data only). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

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1224 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE J-9 Median Nutrient Intakes by Range of Percent of Daily Energy Intake from Added Sugars, Women 51 Years of Age and Older Percent of Energy from Added Sugars 0≤ x≤ 5 AI (1,200 mg/d) 4.5 5.7 3.9 3.8 Magnesium, mg 235 257 255 241 Standard error 4 4 4 5 Comparison adef bcd bcd abcdf Percent < EAR (265 mg/d) 63 54 55 61 Vitamin A, RAE 762 675 777 612 Standard error 24 20 23 25 Comparison abch abdeh ach bdefh Percent < EAR (500 µg/d) 12 32 11 37 Vitamin E, mg α-tocopherol c 5.0 5.6 5.7 5.7 Standard error 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 Comparison aef bcdf bcdf bcdf Percent < EAR (12 mg/d) 98 90 99 95 Iron, mg 11.1 12.4 12.4 12.1 Standard error 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 Comparison adef bcd bcd abcdf Percent < EAR (5 mg/d) 1.1 1.2 0.2 0.8 Zinc, mg 8.0 8.8 8.8 8.2 Standard error 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Comparison adef bcd bcd abcdf Percent < EAR (6.8 mg/d) 35 30 22 34 a AI = Adequate Intake, EAR = Estimated Average Requirement, RAE = retinol activity equivalents. b NA = data not available. c Percent ranges of energy from added sugars have been assigned a letter (a–h). When ranges of intakes do not share the same letter, they are significantly different (p < 0.5). d Estimates of mg of α-tocopherol were obtained by multiplying estimates of mg of α- tocopherol equivalents by 0.8. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. Individuals were assigned to ranges of energy intake from added sugars based on unadjusted Day 1 intakes. Estimates of nutrient intake were adjusted using the Iowa State University method and data from the subsample of individuals with Day 2 recalls

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1225 A PPENDIX J 20 < x ≤ 25 < x ≤ 30 < x ≤ 25% 30% 35% > 35% 296 141 76 80 567 551 414 424 19 27 27 40 abdef abdefh gh fgh 3.1 0.2 1.0 1.1 216 214 154 160 5 8 8 9 aef adef gh gh 75 95 92 98 583 529 403 543 30 40 46 75 bdefh defgh fgh abcdefgh 38 45 69 6 4.7 5.4 3.7 3.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 aefg abcdef egh gh 97 97 100 100 10.3 10.6 7.9 7.8 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 aef adef gh gh 3.5 0.3 16 7.0 7.2 7.6 6.0 5.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 aefg adefg efgh gh 47 37 67 89 providing estimates of usual intake. Medians, standard errors, and percents below or above the Dietary Reference Intakes were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. DATA SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994; National Cancer Institute’s Pyramid Servings Database for NHANES III; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics and University of Minnesota Nutrition Coordinating Center’s Carotenoid Data- base for NHANES III (vitamin A data only). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

Representative terms from entire chapter:

median nutrient