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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (2005)

Chapter: D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994

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Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
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Page 988
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
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Page 989
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
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Page 990
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
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Page 991
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
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Page 992
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 993
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 994
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 995
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 996
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 997
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 998
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 999
Page 1000 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1000
Page 1001 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1001
Page 1002 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1002
Page 1003 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1003
Page 1004 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1004
Page 1005 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1005
Page 1006 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1006
Page 1007 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1007
Page 1008 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1008
Page 1009 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1009
Page 1010 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1010
Page 1011 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1011
Page 1012 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1012
Page 1013 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1013
Page 1014 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1014
Page 1015 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1015
Page 1016 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1016
Page 1017 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1017
Page 1018 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1018
Page 1019 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1019
Page 1020 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1020
Page 1021 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
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Page 1022 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
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Page 1023 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
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Page 1024 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
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Page 1025 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
Page 1025
Page 1026 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
×
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Page 1027 Cite
Suggested Citation:"D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10490.
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D Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 TABLE D-1 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Added Sugars (tsp), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–3 y 2,174 13.2 0.4 1.8 3.4 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 19.3 9.3 11.7 13.1 Standard error 0.4 2.2 1.9 1.6 M, 9–13 y 1,219 28.6 16.8 19.7 21.4 Standard error 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.7 M, 14–18 y 909 36.9 15.5 20.5 23.4 Standard error 1.4 13.8 11.1 9.3 M, 19–30 y 1,902 31.5 10.7 15.3 18.1 Standard error 0.8 2.6 2.4 2.1 M, 31–50 y 2,533 25.4 3.5 6.9 9.5 Standard error 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 M, 51–70 y 1,942 18.0 3.1 5.5 7.2 Standard error 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 M, 71+ y 1,255 14.3 3.9 5.8 7.1 Standard error 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 F, 9–13 y 1,216 21.9 9.3 12.1 13.8 Standard error 0.7 1.7 1.5 1.3 F, 14–18 y 949 25.4 9.0 12.6 14.8 Standard error 1.2 5.5 4.8 4.2 F, 19–30 y 1,901 22.3 4.8 8.0 10.2 Standard error 0.7 1.4 1.6 1.4 988

25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 6.8 10.9 17.7 25.3 30.9 45.5 15.6 18.9 22.4 26.0 28.3 33.0 1.1 0.4 0.9 2.0 2.7 4.3 24.5 28.2 32.3 36.3 38.9 44.1 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 28.9 35.7 43.5 51.8 57.3 69.1 6.0 1.9 4.5 10.6 14.9 24.4 23.5 30.3 38.1 46.4 51.9 63.6 1.6 0.9 1.4 2.9 4.1 7.0 15.0 22.8 33.0 44.2 52.2 70.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.6 2.3 4.6 10.8 16.2 23.2 31.2 36.8 49.2 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.5 2.9 9.7 13.3 17.8 22.7 26.0 33.1 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.5 2.1 3.5 17.0 21.1 25.9 30.9 34.3 41.6 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.8 2.5 4.2 18.9 24.3 30.6 37.3 41.8 51.4 2.9 1.4 2.5 5.5 7.8 13.3 14.6 20.8 28.4 36.6 42.1 53.9 1.1 0.7 1.1 2.0 2.9 4.8 continued 989

990 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-1 Continued Percentile Sex/Age Category a Mean 1st 5th 10th n F, 31–50 y 2,939 17.3 2.6 4.9 6.6 Standard error 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 F, 51–70 y 2,065 12.8 2.5 4.2 5.3 Standard error 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 F, 71+ y 1,368 10.5 2.1 3.5 4.5 Standard error 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Pregnant 346 21.0 5.5 8.6 10.6 Standard error 1.1 3.5 3.3 3.0 Lactating 99 19.7 12.0 14.0 15.1 Standard error 2.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 Pregnant/lactating 440 21.2 4.9 8.1 10.2 Standard error 1.0 3.6 3.5 3.2 All individuals 25,820 21.1 4.0 6.9 8.9 Standard error 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 All individuals (+P/L) 26,260 21.1 4.0 6.9 8.9 Standard error 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distribution for children 2–3 years of age is unad- justed. The mean and percentiles for this group were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Mean, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but appli- cable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to ques- tions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who

991 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 10.4 15.7 22.5 29.8 34.9 47.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 2.9 7.8 11.5 16.3 21.7 25.3 34.4 0.4 0.6 1.3 1.8 1.5 3.3 6.6 9.7 13.4 17.6 20.6 27.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.1 2.1 14.5 19.7 26.1 33.1 38.0 48.4 2.2 1.2 2.2 4.5 6.4 10.8 17.2 19.5 22.0 24.4 25.8 28.7 2.2 2.6 3.2 4.0 4.7 6.2 14.3 19.8 26.6 34.1 39.2 50.5 2.4 1.4 1.9 4.4 6.6 12.1 13.1 19.2 27.0 35.8 41.9 55.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.3 13.1 19.1 27.0 35.8 42.0 55.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.3 were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics and National Cancer Institute’s Pyramid Servings Database for NHANES III. SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

992 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-2 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Alanine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.72 0.20 0.30 0.40 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 1.32 0.40 0.50 0.60 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 2.19 0.50 0.90 1.10 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 2.82 1.75 2.01 2.16 Standard error 0.04 0.60 0.47 0.39 M, 9–13 y 1,219 3.73 1.90 2.34 2.59 Standard error 0.08 0.24 0.20 0.17 M, 14–18 y 909 4.68 2.25 2.81 3.15 Standard error 0.13 0.70 0.59 0.51 M, 19–30 y 1,902 5.27 2.94 3.50 3.82 Standard error 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.15 M, 31–50 y 2,533 4.88 2.54 3.10 3.43 Standard error 0.09 0.26 0.24 0.22 M, 51–70 y 1,942 4.24 1.75 2.33 2.67 Standard error 0.08 0.12 0.11 0.10 M, 71+ y 1,255 3.49 1.51 1.97 2.24 Standard error 0.06 0.14 0.12 0.11 F, 9–13 y 1,216 2.99 2.04 2.29 2.43 Standard error 0.07 0.60 0.47 0.39 F, 14–18 y 949 2.91 0.96 1.40 1.67 Standard error 0.09 0.17 0.15 0.13 F, 19–30 y 1,901 3.16 1.63 1.99 2.20 Standard error 0.08 0.26 0.22 0.19 F, 31–50 y 2,939 3.23 1.78 2.14 2.34 Standard error 0.05 0.21 0.18 0.15 F, 51–70 y 2,065 2.92 1.37 1.74 1.95 Standard error 0.04 0.10 0.09 0.08 F, 71+ y 1,368 2.62 1.19 1.53 1.73 Standard error 0.05 0.14 0.12 0.10 Pregnant 346 3.76 2.18 2.57 2.79 Standard error 0.18 0.14 0.17 0.18 Lactating 99 4.40 3.07 3.43 3.63 Standard error 0.25 0.19 0.21 0.22 Pregnant/lactating 440 3.91 2.29 2.70 2.94 Standard error 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.13 All individuals 28,575 3.63 1.30 1.79 2.08 Standard error 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 3.64 1.32 1.81 2.10 Standard error 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

993 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.50 0.60 0.80 1.20 1.40 2.10 0.80 1.20 1.70 2.10 2.60 3.40 1.50 2.00 2.70 3.40 3.90 5.10 2.44 2.78 3.15 3.52 3.75 4.23 0.24 0.06 0.20 0.44 0.59 0.92 3.05 3.63 4.29 5.00 5.48 6.52 0.12 0.09 0.13 0.23 0.32 0.62 3.77 4.56 5.45 6.35 6.94 8.15 0.34 0.15 0.30 0.65 0.90 1.46 4.42 5.17 6.00 6.84 7.38 8.49 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.23 4.03 4.77 5.61 6.47 7.05 8.30 0.19 0.10 0.17 0.28 0.36 0.61 3.29 4.06 4.98 6.04 6.80 8.51 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.16 0.22 0.40 2.73 3.34 4.08 4.91 5.50 6.84 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.14 0.21 0.39 2.67 2.97 3.28 3.59 3.78 4.16 0.24 0.08 0.21 0.44 0.60 0.93 2.16 2.78 3.51 4.30 4.86 6.05 0.10 0.09 0.14 0.25 0.34 0.59 2.59 3.09 3.66 4.21 4.57 5.37 0.14 0.08 0.15 0.27 0.36 0.63 2.71 3.17 3.68 4.19 4.53 5.25 0.11 0.06 0.08 0.16 0.23 0.41 2.35 2.84 3.40 3.99 4.39 5.23 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.24 2.09 2.54 3.06 3.61 3.98 4.77 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.15 0.22 0.40 3.20 3.70 4.25 4.80 5.16 5.87 0.16 0.18 0.31 0.40 0.41 0.35 3.97 4.38 4.80 5.20 5.45 5.93 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.34 3.36 3.87 4.42 4.95 5.28 5.95 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 2.65 3.42 4.37 5.44 6.20 7.94 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.16 2.66 3.44 4.38 5.44 6.19 7.88 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.19 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

994 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-3 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Arginine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.87 0.20 0.40 0.40 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 1.53 0.40 0.60 0.70 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 2.52 0.60 1.00 1.30 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 3.25 2.17 2.43 2.58 Standard error 0.06 0.42 0.34 0.29 M, 9–13 y 1,219 4.34 2.32 2.80 3.08 Standard error 0.16 0.42 0.39 0.36 M, 14–18 y 909 5.33 2.77 3.38 3.74 Standard error 0.14 0.93 0.77 0.67 M, 19–30 y 1,902 6.04 3.36 4.00 4.38 Standard error 0.14 0.11 0.14 0.15 M, 31–50 y 2,533 5.61 2.70 3.40 3.80 Standard error 0.10 0.26 0.23 0.23 M, 51–70 y 1,942 4.88 1.91 2.58 2.98 Standard error 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.11 M, 71+ y 1,255 4.01 1.79 2.29 2.59 Standard error 0.07 0.15 0.13 0.12 F, 9–13 y 1,216 3.46 2.60 2.83 2.96 Standard error 0.08 1.13 0.87 0.71 F, 14–18 y 949 3.39 1.26 1.75 2.04 Standard error 0.10 0.22 0.18 0.16 F, 19–30 y 1,901 3.65 1.78 2.21 2.45 Standard error 0.11 0.24 0.20 0.18 F, 31–50 y 2,939 3.71 2.19 2.57 2.79 Standard error 0.05 0.25 0.21 0.18 F, 51–70 y 2,065 3.33 1.59 2.01 2.25 Standard error 0.05 0.11 0.09 0.08 F, 71+ y 1,368 2.97 1.45 1.81 2.02 Standard error 0.05 0.15 0.13 0.12 Pregnant 346 4.31 2.51 2.96 3.22 Standard error 0.21 0.33 0.44 0.43 Lactating 99 5.08 3.56 3.99 4.23 Standard error 0.27 0.27 0.30 0.30 Pregnant/lactating 440 4.48 2.64 3.12 3.39 Standard error 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.15 All individuals 28,575 4.17 1.51 2.07 2.40 Standard error 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.05 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 4.18 1.54 2.09 2.42 Standard error 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.05 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

995 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.50 0.70 1.10 1.60 1.90 2.80 1.00 1.40 1.90 2.50 2.90 4.30 1.70 2.30 3.10 3.90 4.60 5.80 2.86 3.21 3.60 3.97 4.20 4.66 0.20 0.07 0.17 0.34 0.45 0.69 3.60 4.23 4.96 5.72 6.25 7.38 0.27 0.19 0.32 0.52 0.70 1.24 4.40 5.22 6.14 7.07 7.66 8.88 0.45 0.18 0.35 0.79 1.10 1.78 5.07 5.92 6.88 7.84 8.46 9.72 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.26 4.50 5.50 6.50 7.60 8.30 10.00 0.24 0.11 0.24 0.29 0.36 0.63 3.72 4.64 5.77 7.07 8.01 10.13 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.17 0.22 0.38 3.13 3.83 4.68 5.64 6.33 7.89 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.17 0.24 0.45 3.18 3.45 3.73 3.99 4.15 4.48 0.43 0.11 0.34 0.74 1.00 1.53 2.58 3.25 4.04 4.90 5.49 6.76 0.12 0.10 0.15 0.27 0.38 0.64 2.92 3.54 4.26 4.96 5.43 6.53 0.13 0.09 0.20 0.32 0.42 0.77 3.18 3.65 4.18 4.70 5.04 5.76 0.12 0.06 0.09 0.19 0.27 0.45 2.69 3.24 3.86 4.52 4.96 5.90 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.15 0.26 2.41 2.91 3.46 4.02 4.37 5.11 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.17 0.22 0.34 3.68 4.25 4.88 5.49 5.89 6.68 0.32 0.25 0.42 0.55 0.56 0.44 4.62 5.07 5.53 5.94 6.19 6.66 0.28 0.28 0.33 0.37 0.39 0.39 3.86 4.43 5.05 5.64 6.01 6.74 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.25 3.04 3.93 5.02 6.25 7.11 9.10 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.18 3.06 3.95 5.03 6.25 7.10 9.04 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.20 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

996 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-4 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Aspartic Acid (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 1.61 0.50 0.70 0.90 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 2.69 0.80 1.10 1.40 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 4.08 1.00 1.70 2.20 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 5.15 3.40 3.84 4.10 Standard error 0.07 0.53 0.42 0.36 M, 9–13 y 1,219 6.76 3.50 4.30 4.80 Standard error 0.16 0.42 0.34 0.29 M, 14–18 y 909 8.34 4.50 5.40 6.00 Standard error 0.22 1.16 0.97 0.84 M, 19–30 y 1,902 9.31 5.30 6.30 6.80 Standard error 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.17 M, 31–50 y 2,533 8.67 4.20 5.20 5.90 Standard error 0.16 0.41 0.36 0.33 M, 51–70 y 1,942 7.58 3.20 4.20 4.80 Standard error 0.14 0.22 0.20 0.19 M, 71+ y 1,255 6.32 2.80 3.60 4.10 Standard error 0.10 0.25 0.21 0.18 F, 9–13 y 1,216 5.47 3.14 3.72 4.06 Standard error 0.13 0.09 0.09 0.09 F, 14–18 y 949 5.32 2.00 2.80 3.30 Standard error 0.15 0.28 0.23 0.20 F, 19–30 y 1,901 5.69 3.04 3.67 4.03 Standard error 0.14 0.46 0.37 0.32 F, 31–50 y 2,939 5.79 3.30 3.92 4.28 Standard error 0.08 0.37 0.30 0.26 F, 51–70 y 2,065 5.27 2.51 3.17 3.55 Standard error 0.07 0.14 0.13 0.12 F, 71+ y 1,368 4.75 2.13 2.77 3.14 Standard error 0.09 0.17 0.14 0.13 Pregnant 346 6.81 4.00 4.70 5.10 Standard error 0.28 0.39 0.39 0.35 Lactating 99 8.09 5.65 6.34 6.71 Standard error 0.45 0.52 0.56 0.55 Pregnant/lactating 440 7.12 4.23 4.97 5.40 Standard error 0.26 0.22 0.22 0.23 All individuals 28,575 6.52 2.50 3.30 3.90 Standard error 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.08 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 6.54 2.50 3.40 3.90 Standard error 0.06 0.10 0.09 0.08 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

997 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 1.10 1.40 1.90 2.60 3.10 4.30 1.70 2.40 3.40 4.30 5.10 7.00 2.90 3.90 5.00 6.20 7.20 9.40 4.55 5.10 5.69 6.27 6.63 7.36 0.23 0.09 0.17 0.38 0.52 0.81 5.60 6.60 7.70 9.00 9.80 11.60 0.22 0.16 0.22 0.37 0.51 0.89 7.00 8.20 9.50 10.90 11.70 13.50 0.57 0.26 0.45 0.97 1.33 2.13 7.90 9.20 10.60 12.00 12.90 14.70 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24 0.26 0.32 7.00 8.50 10.10 11.70 12.90 15.40 0.25 0.18 0.20 0.37 0.53 0.95 5.90 7.30 8.90 10.80 12.10 15.10 0.17 0.15 0.17 0.27 0.37 0.66 5.00 6.10 7.40 8.80 9.80 12.10 0.14 0.10 0.13 0.25 0.37 0.67 4.66 5.40 6.20 6.99 7.49 8.49 0.11 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.20 4.10 5.10 6.30 7.60 8.50 10.30 0.16 0.15 0.21 0.35 0.48 0.79 4.70 5.58 6.56 7.47 8.06 9.36 0.23 0.14 0.25 0.44 0.60 1.07 4.92 5.70 6.56 7.42 7.98 9.18 0.18 0.08 0.13 0.27 0.39 0.68 4.25 5.12 6.12 7.16 7.86 9.33 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.13 0.18 0.30 3.80 4.62 5.55 6.52 7.18 8.58 0.10 0.07 0.11 0.21 0.31 0.59 5.83 6.72 7.69 8.65 9.26 10.48 0.29 0.31 0.48 0.63 0.67 0.65 7.35 8.07 8.82 9.50 9.92 10.71 0.51 0.47 0.50 0.56 0.57 0.55 6.14 7.04 8.01 8.93 9.52 10.67 0.25 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.36 4.80 6.20 7.80 9.60 10.90 13.70 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.26 4.90 6.20 7.80 9.60 10.90 13.70 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.16 0.30 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

998 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-5 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Cysteine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.21 0.10 0.10 0.10 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 0.39 0.10 0.10 0.20 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 0.64 0.10 0.30 0.30 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 0.82 0.43 0.53 0.58 Standard error 0.01 0.13 0.10 0.08 M, 9–13 y 1,219 1.09 0.61 0.73 0.80 Standard error 0.05 0.12 0.12 0.12 M, 14–18 y 909 1.30 0.64 0.80 0.89 Standard error 0.04 0.13 0.11 0.09 M, 19–30 y 1,902 1.43 0.83 0.99 1.08 Standard error 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 M, 31–50 y 2,533 1.33 0.71 0.86 0.95 Standard error 0.02 0.10 0.09 0.07 M, 51–70 y 1,942 1.16 0.49 0.65 0.74 Standard error 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 M, 71+ y 1,255 0.98 0.45 0.57 0.65 Standard error 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02 F, 9–13 y 1,216 0.86 0.60 0.67 0.71 Standard error 0.02 0.14 0.11 0.09 F, 14–18 y 949 0.83 0.30 0.43 0.50 Standard error 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.04 F, 19–30 y 1,901 0.89 0.53 0.62 0.67 Standard error 0.02 0.12 0.10 0.08 F, 31–50 y 2,939 0.89 0.52 0.61 0.67 Standard error 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.04 F, 51–70 y 2,065 0.81 0.40 0.50 0.56 Standard error 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 F, 71+ y 1,368 0.74 0.34 0.44 0.50 Standard error 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02 Pregnant 346 1.06 0.64 0.75 0.81 Standard error 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 Lactating 99 1.27 0.90 1.01 1.07 Standard error 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.11 Pregnant/lactating 440 1.11 0.68 0.79 0.86 Standard error 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 All individuals 28,575 1.01 0.39 0.52 0.60 Standard error 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 1.01 0.40 0.53 0.61 Standard error 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

999 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.70 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.70 0.80 1.00 0.50 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.10 1.50 0.68 0.80 0.94 1.08 1.17 1.36 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.11 0.15 0.24 0.92 1.06 1.24 1.42 1.52 1.76 0.09 0.04 0.08 0.13 0.16 0.32 1.06 1.27 1.51 1.75 1.90 2.22 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.15 0.25 1.23 1.41 1.60 1.81 1.94 2.23 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 1.11 1.30 1.51 1.73 1.87 2.17 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.13 0.20 0.91 1.12 1.36 1.63 1.82 2.24 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.10 0.78 0.95 1.14 1.35 1.49 1.80 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.10 0.78 0.86 0.94 1.02 1.07 1.17 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.13 0.21 0.63 0.80 0.99 1.20 1.34 1.64 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.09 0.15 0.76 0.88 1.01 1.13 1.21 1.38 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.21 0.76 0.88 1.00 1.13 1.21 1.38 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.66 0.79 0.93 1.08 1.17 1.38 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.60 0.72 0.86 1.00 1.09 1.27 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.92 1.05 1.19 1.34 1.43 1.61 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.08 1.17 1.27 1.38 1.48 1.54 1.65 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.97 1.10 1.25 1.38 1.47 1.64 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.06 0.76 0.96 1.21 1.47 1.64 2.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.76 0.97 1.21 1.47 1.64 2.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

1000 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-6 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Glutamic Acid (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 3.54 1.20 1.80 2.00 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 6.38 1.80 2.60 3.10 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 10.16 2.70 4.50 5.60 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 12.99 8.30 9.50 10.20 Standard error 0.19 0.16 0.16 0.16 M, 9–13 y 1,219 17.04 9.60 11.30 12.30 Standard error 0.40 1.98 1.63 1.40 M, 14–18 y 909 20.10 10.40 12.80 14.10 Standard error 0.53 2.57 2.15 1.87 M, 19–30 y 1,902 21.43 12.50 14.70 16.00 Standard error 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.40 M, 31–50 y 2,533 19.60 9.80 12.20 13.60 Standard error 0.29 0.80 0.69 0.61 M, 51–70 y 1,942 17.11 7.30 9.70 11.00 Standard error 0.27 0.56 0.53 0.42 M, 71+ y 1,255 14.34 6.40 8.20 9.20 Standard error 0.21 0.50 0.43 0.48 F, 9–13 y 1,216 13.54 8.40 9.80 10.50 Standard error 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 F, 14–18 y 949 12.94 6.30 8.00 8.90 Standard error 0.38 1.34 1.09 0.93 F, 19–30 y 1,901 13.42 7.20 8.70 9.60 Standard error 0.25 1.03 0.82 0.70 F, 31–50 y 2,939 13.29 6.80 8.50 9.40 Standard error 0.17 0.53 0.45 0.39 F, 51–70 y 2,065 12.07 5.70 7.20 8.10 Standard error 0.15 0.32 0.28 0.26 F, 71+ y 1,368 10.97 5.10 6.50 7.30 Standard error 0.17 0.72 0.61 0.54 Pregnant 346 16.65 10.20 11.90 12.80 Standard error 0.69 0.64 0.59 0.59 Lactating 99 20.10 14.30 16.00 17.00 Standard error 1.21 1.47 1.55 1.47 Pregnant/lactating 440 17.38 10.80 12.50 13.50 Standard error 0.57 0.57 0.55 0.54 All individuals 28,575 15.22 5.90 8.00 9.20 Standard error 0.12 0.18 0.16 0.15 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 15.27 6.00 8.00 9.30 Standard error 0.12 0.20 0.16 0.18 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

1001 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 2.60 3.20 4.10 5.30 6.50 9.70 4.10 5.50 8.10 10.80 12.50 15.60 7.40 9.60 12.40 15.10 17.40 23.50 11.40 12.80 14.50 16.00 17.00 19.00 0.17 0.19 0.23 0.28 0.32 0.44 14.30 16.70 19.40 22.20 24.00 27.80 0.92 0.39 0.90 1.90 2.63 4.26 16.60 19.70 23.20 26.50 28.70 33.10 1.30 0.64 0.95 2.01 2.78 4.44 18.30 21.10 24.20 27.20 29.20 33.10 0.38 0.52 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.71 16.10 19.10 22.50 26.10 28.50 33.70 0.45 0.30 0.39 0.74 1.04 1.74 13.40 16.50 20.10 23.90 26.60 32.80 0.47 0.30 0.46 0.59 0.89 1.58 11.30 13.90 16.90 20.10 22.20 26.50 0.35 0.25 0.50 0.57 0.71 1.58 11.90 13.40 15.10 16.70 17.70 19.90 0.22 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.30 0.33 10.60 12.70 15.00 17.30 18.90 22.10 0.65 0.40 0.61 1.18 1.62 2.63 11.20 13.20 15.40 17.60 19.00 22.10 0.48 0.26 0.46 0.84 1.16 2.04 11.00 13.00 15.20 17.50 19.00 22.10 0.28 0.18 0.21 0.39 0.54 0.97 9.80 11.80 14.00 16.40 17.90 21.30 0.21 0.16 0.18 0.25 0.33 0.64 8.90 10.70 12.80 14.90 16.20 18.90 0.37 0.19 0.32 0.66 0.91 1.45 14.50 16.50 18.60 20.70 22.00 24.50 0.63 0.71 0.79 0.86 0.91 1.01 18.50 20.20 21.70 23.10 23.90 25.40 1.33 1.26 1.41 1.53 1.51 1.39 15.20 17.30 19.40 21.40 22.60 25.00 0.56 0.59 0.62 0.66 0.69 0.76 11.50 14.50 18.10 22.20 25.00 31.30 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.21 0.30 0.53 11.50 14.60 18.20 22.20 25.00 31.10 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.20 0.33 0.58 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

1002 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-7 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Glycine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.53 0.10 0.20 0.20 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 1.03 0.30 0.40 0.50 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 1.83 0.40 0.70 0.90 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 2.43 1.44 1.67 1.80 Standard error 0.04 0.34 0.28 0.24 M, 9–13 y 1,219 3.24 1.77 2.11 2.31 Standard error 0.09 0.43 0.36 0.31 M, 14–18 y 909 4.13 2.22 2.68 2.95 Standard error 0.11 0.58 0.49 0.42 M, 19–30 y 1,902 4.73 2.59 3.11 3.41 Standard error 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.13 M, 31–50 y 2,533 4.36 2.31 2.79 3.08 Standard error 0.08 0.28 0.24 0.21 M, 51–70 y 1,942 3.76 1.59 2.09 2.39 Standard error 0.08 0.13 0.12 0.11 M, 71+ y 1,255 3.05 1.31 1.71 1.95 Standard error 0.05 0.13 0.11 0.10 F, 9–13 y 1,216 2.61 1.71 1.93 2.06 Standard error 0.06 0.54 0.43 0.37 F, 14–18 y 949 2.58 0.82 1.21 1.45 Standard error 0.08 0.14 0.12 0.11 F, 19–30 y 1,901 2.79 1.35 1.67 1.87 Standard error 0.08 0.18 0.15 0.14 F, 31–50 y 2,939 2.86 1.60 1.90 2.08 Standard error 0.04 0.20 0.17 0.15 F, 51–70 y 2,065 2.55 1.19 1.51 1.70 Standard error 0.04 0.11 0.10 0.09 F, 71+ y 1,368 2.27 1.15 1.42 1.58 Standard error 0.04 0.20 0.17 0.15 Pregnant 346 3.28 1.89 2.23 2.43 Standard error 0.19 0.31 0.47 0.49 Lactating 99 3.66 2.53 2.84 3.01 Standard error 0.22 0.17 0.19 0.20 Pregnant/lactating 440 3.37 1.97 2.32 2.53 Standard error 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.11 All individuals 28,575 3.20 1.09 1.52 1.79 Standard error 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 3.21 1.11 1.53 1.80 Standard error 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who

1003 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.30 0.40 0.70 1.00 1.20 1.80 0.60 0.90 1.30 1.80 2.10 3.20 1.20 1.70 2.30 3.00 3.40 4.40 2.05 2.38 2.75 3.11 3.34 3.81 0.16 0.05 0.14 0.29 0.39 0.61 2.69 3.17 3.71 4.27 4.64 5.40 0.21 0.10 0.20 0.43 0.62 1.12 3.44 4.05 4.73 5.41 5.85 6.74 0.29 0.13 0.24 0.51 0.71 1.14 3.96 4.63 5.39 6.17 6.69 7.80 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.22 3.61 4.26 5.00 5.76 6.27 7.36 0.16 0.09 0.12 0.25 0.35 0.61 2.93 3.60 4.41 5.31 5.96 7.39 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.15 0.21 0.37 2.38 2.92 3.57 4.31 4.83 5.99 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.13 0.20 0.37 2.30 2.58 2.89 3.19 3.38 3.76 0.24 0.08 0.18 0.41 0.56 0.89 1.89 2.44 3.11 3.87 4.41 5.58 0.09 0.08 0.12 0.20 0.27 0.46 2.23 2.70 3.25 3.81 4.18 5.02 0.11 0.07 0.13 0.23 0.31 0.55 2.40 2.80 3.25 3.70 4.00 4.64 0.10 0.05 0.07 0.15 0.22 0.39 2.04 2.47 2.97 3.50 3.87 4.65 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.16 0.28 1.86 2.22 2.63 3.03 3.29 3.83 0.10 0.04 0.09 0.20 0.27 0.45 2.79 3.23 3.72 4.21 4.52 5.14 0.39 0.22 0.35 0.50 0.50 0.34 3.31 3.64 3.99 4.32 4.51 4.89 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.28 0.30 0.35 2.89 3.33 3.81 4.27 4.57 5.15 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.20 2.29 3.00 3.88 4.88 5.59 7.25 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.15 2.30 3.01 3.88 4.87 5.59 7.20 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.16 responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

1004 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-8 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Histidine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.47 0.10 0.20 0.30 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 0.85 0.20 0.30 0.40 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 1.38 0.30 0.60 0.70 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 1.77 1.15 1.31 1.40 Standard error 0.03 0.51 0.39 0.31 M, 9–13 y 1,219 2.36 1.37 1.61 1.75 Standard error 0.06 0.20 0.17 0.15 M, 14–18 y 909 2.93 1.48 1.83 2.03 Standard error 0.08 0.35 0.30 0.26 M, 19–30 y 1,902 3.19 1.78 2.12 2.32 Standard error 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.10 M, 31–50 y 2,533 2.90 1.41 1.76 1.97 Standard error 0.05 0.13 0.12 0.11 M, 51–70 y 1,942 2.50 0.95 1.30 1.51 Standard error 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 M, 71+ y 1,255 2.03 0.85 1.13 1.29 Standard error 0.03 0.07 0.06 0.06 F, 9–13 y 1,216 1.89 1.10 1.30 1.42 Standard error 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 F, 14–18 y 949 1.80 0.70 0.96 1.12 Standard error 0.05 0.14 0.11 0.10 F, 19–30 y 1,901 1.91 1.00 1.22 1.35 Standard error 0.04 0.16 0.13 0.11 F, 31–50 y 2,939 1.92 1.09 1.30 1.41 Standard error 0.03 0.12 0.10 0.09 F, 51–70 y 2,065 1.72 0.84 1.05 1.17 Standard error 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.05 F, 71+ y 1,368 1.54 0.67 0.88 1.00 Standard error 0.03 0.09 0.06 0.05 Pregnant 346 2.32 1.38 1.62 1.75 Standard error 0.11 0.25 0.28 0.27 Lactating 99 2.72 1.91 2.14 2.26 Standard error 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.13 Pregnant/lactating 440 2.42 1.45 1.70 1.85 Standard error 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 All individuals 28,575 2.19 0.82 1.10 1.28 Standard error 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 2.20 0.83 1.11 1.29 Standard error 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and

1005 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.70 0.90 1.30 0.50 0.70 1.10 1.40 1.70 2.30 1.00 1.30 1.70 2.10 2.50 3.10 1.56 1.75 1.96 2.17 2.30 2.56 0.18 0.05 0.17 0.34 0.46 0.69 2.00 2.32 2.67 3.02 3.24 3.71 0.11 0.06 0.10 0.18 0.24 0.38 2.40 2.86 3.39 3.91 4.25 4.94 0.18 0.10 0.14 0.30 0.41 0.67 2.68 3.13 3.63 4.12 4.44 5.09 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.13 2.35 2.83 3.36 3.91 4.28 5.11 0.09 0.06 0.08 0.14 0.20 0.34 1.89 2.38 2.96 3.63 4.11 5.19 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.25 1.58 1.95 2.39 2.88 3.22 3.98 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.21 1.62 1.86 2.13 2.39 2.56 2.90 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.06 1.40 1.74 2.14 2.56 2.84 3.43 0.07 0.05 0.08 0.15 0.20 0.32 1.58 1.87 2.20 2.51 2.72 3.15 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.13 0.18 0.32 1.63 1.89 2.17 2.46 2.65 3.04 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.14 0.23 1.40 1.68 2.00 2.32 2.52 2.94 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.11 1.22 1.49 1.81 2.13 2.34 2.80 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.27 2.00 2.29 2.62 2.94 3.14 3.56 0.22 0.14 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.22 2.47 2.71 2.96 3.18 3.32 3.58 0.13 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.19 2.10 2.40 2.72 3.03 3.22 3.60 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.13 1.62 2.07 2.63 3.25 3.69 4.65 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.10 1.62 2.08 2.64 3.25 3.68 4.63 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.11 females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

1006 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-9 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Isoleucine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.98 0.40 0.50 0.60 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 1.63 0.50 0.70 0.80 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 2.40 0.50 1.00 1.30 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 2.98 1.77 2.07 2.25 Standard error 0.04 0.42 0.34 0.28 M, 9–13 y 1,219 3.84 2.19 2.59 2.82 Standard error 0.09 0.28 0.23 0.21 M, 14–18 y 909 4.60 2.15 2.73 3.07 Standard error 0.13 0.44 0.38 0.33 M, 19–30 y 1,902 5.01 2.88 3.42 3.72 Standard error 0.11 0.21 0.23 0.19 M, 31–50 y 2,533 4.59 2.29 2.85 3.18 Standard error 0.08 0.22 0.20 0.17 M, 51–70 y 1,942 4.03 1.61 2.17 2.50 Standard error 0.07 0.11 0.10 0.09 M, 71+ y 1,255 3.36 1.34 1.81 2.08 Standard error 0.05 0.12 0.09 0.07 F, 9–13 y 1,216 3.09 1.81 2.13 2.32 Standard error 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 F, 14–18 y 949 2.94 1.19 1.61 1.85 Standard error 0.08 0.20 0.16 0.14 F, 19–30 y 1,901 3.09 1.52 1.90 2.11 Standard error 0.07 0.21 0.17 0.15 F, 31–50 y 2,939 3.12 1.70 2.05 2.25 Standard error 0.04 0.17 0.14 0.12 F, 51–70 y 2,065 2.83 1.31 1.67 1.88 Standard error 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.07 F, 71+ y 1,368 2.58 1.15 1.49 1.69 Standard error 0.05 0.14 0.12 0.11 Pregnant 346 3.78 2.37 2.76 2.95 Standard error 0.26 0.40 0.39 0.27 Lactating 99 4.70 3.30 3.69 3.90 Standard error 0.28 0.24 0.26 0.26 Pregnant/lactating 440 4.03 2.40 2.82 3.06 Standard error 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.14 All individuals 28,575 3.55 1.38 1.84 2.13 Standard error 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 3.55 1.42 1.87 2.15 Standard error 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.05 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

1007 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.70 0.90 1.10 1.50 1.80 2.60 1.00 1.40 2.00 2.70 3.20 4.00 1.70 2.30 2.90 3.70 4.20 5.50 2.56 2.94 3.35 3.76 4.02 4.53 0.17 0.05 0.15 0.32 0.44 0.68 3.24 3.77 4.35 4.93 5.31 6.07 0.15 0.09 0.14 0.25 0.35 0.64 3.70 4.49 5.38 6.26 6.83 7.99 0.25 0.15 0.20 0.38 0.52 0.85 4.25 4.91 5.66 6.42 6.92 7.94 0.12 0.16 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.25 3.76 4.47 5.29 6.13 6.70 7.89 0.13 0.08 0.11 0.21 0.28 0.47 3.11 3.86 4.75 5.76 6.49 8.15 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.13 0.18 0.33 2.58 3.21 3.97 4.83 5.44 6.80 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.17 0.32 2.65 3.05 3.48 3.90 4.17 4.69 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 2.30 2.85 3.48 4.13 4.57 5.48 0.11 0.09 0.13 0.21 0.30 0.53 2.51 3.01 3.59 4.15 4.52 5.33 0.11 0.07 0.11 0.20 0.27 0.49 2.61 3.06 3.55 4.04 4.37 5.05 0.08 0.04 0.07 0.14 0.19 0.33 2.27 2.75 3.30 3.87 4.24 5.02 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.21 2.06 2.52 3.04 3.56 3.90 4.58 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.14 0.19 0.31 3.26 3.66 4.20 4.78 5.16 5.91 0.23 0.46 0.45 0.32 0.28 0.31 4.27 4.69 5.12 5.51 5.76 6.22 0.28 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.36 3.48 3.98 4.53 5.06 5.39 6.05 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.20 2.67 3.38 4.24 5.17 5.83 7.28 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.14 2.69 3.40 4.25 5.14 5.74 7.01 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.09 0.15 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

1008 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-10 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Leucine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 1.63 0.60 0.80 1.00 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 2.72 0.90 1.10 1.30 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 4.07 0.90 1.80 2.20 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 5.11 3.21 3.70 3.97 Standard error 0.07 1.36 1.04 0.85 M, 9–13 y 1,219 6.66 4.01 4.69 5.07 Standard error 0.17 0.65 0.50 0.42 M, 14–18 y 909 8.00 3.90 4.90 5.50 Standard error 0.22 0.75 0.65 0.58 M, 19–30 y 1,902 8.64 5.00 5.90 6.40 Standard error 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.15 M, 31–50 y 2,533 7.91 3.90 4.90 5.40 Standard error 0.14 0.36 0.32 0.28 M, 51–70 y 1,942 6.90 2.70 3.70 4.30 Standard error 0.12 0.19 0.16 0.15 M, 71+ y 1,255 5.73 2.40 3.20 3.60 Standard error 0.08 0.17 0.14 0.12 F, 9–13 y 1,216 5.32 4.05 4.39 4.58 Standard error 0.10 1.62 1.20 0.97 F, 14–18 y 949 5.04 2.00 2.70 3.20 Standard error 0.14 0.33 0.27 0.23 F, 19–30 y 1,901 5.30 2.63 3.27 3.63 Standard error 0.11 0.38 0.31 0.27 F, 31–50 y 2,939 5.33 2.88 3.48 3.83 Standard error 0.07 0.27 0.22 0.19 F, 51–70 y 2,065 4.82 2.24 2.86 3.22 Standard error 0.07 0.13 0.11 0.10 F, 71+ y 1,368 4.34 1.89 2.45 2.79 Standard error 0.08 0.18 0.15 0.14 Pregnant 346 6.50 4.17 4.70 4.96 Standard error 0.34 0.43 0.28 0.25 Lactating 99 8.01 5.63 6.30 6.67 Standard error 0.43 0.38 0.37 0.39 Pregnant/lactating 440 6.88 4.15 4.85 5.25 Standard error 0.26 0.22 0.23 0.24 All individuals 28,575 6.08 2.30 3.10 3.60 Standard error 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.07 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 6.10 2.40 3.20 3.70 Standard error 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.07 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

1009 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 1.20 1.50 1.90 2.40 2.90 4.20 1.80 2.40 3.30 4.50 5.40 6.70 2.90 3.80 5.00 6.20 7.20 9.40 4.46 5.05 5.69 6.32 6.71 7.49 0.50 0.09 0.45 0.93 1.25 1.89 5.75 6.56 7.46 8.37 8.97 10.22 0.28 0.18 0.27 0.49 0.68 1.13 6.50 7.80 9.30 10.80 11.70 13.60 0.43 0.26 0.31 0.62 0.86 1.39 7.30 8.50 9.80 11.10 11.90 13.50 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.21 0.23 0.29 6.50 7.70 9.10 10.60 11.60 13.80 0.21 0.16 0.19 0.35 0.49 0.83 5.30 6.60 8.10 9.90 11.20 14.10 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.24 0.33 0.59 4.50 5.50 6.70 8.10 9.10 11.30 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.20 0.29 0.52 4.91 5.30 5.70 6.07 6.30 6.76 0.55 0.11 0.51 1.03 1.35 2.01 3.90 4.90 6.00 7.10 7.90 9.40 0.17 0.15 0.23 0.37 0.49 0.84 4.30 5.18 6.16 7.10 7.72 9.12 0.19 0.11 0.18 0.34 0.48 0.88 4.46 5.23 6.08 6.93 7.50 8.70 0.14 0.08 0.11 0.21 0.30 0.52 3.88 4.69 5.62 6.57 7.20 8.52 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.13 0.17 0.29 3.42 4.22 5.13 6.05 6.64 7.86 0.11 0.08 0.13 0.20 0.25 0.44 5.48 6.34 7.37 8.28 8.81 9.92 0.37 0.40 0.56 0.54 0.47 0.43 7.30 8.00 8.71 9.36 9.75 10.50 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.58 5.96 6.80 7.72 8.60 9.15 10.24 0.25 0.27 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.34 4.50 5.80 7.30 8.90 10.10 12.70 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.14 0.24 4.60 5.80 7.30 8.90 10.10 12.60 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.15 0.26 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

1010 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-11 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Lysine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 1.24 0.40 0.60 0.70 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 2.15 0.60 0.80 1.00 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 3.35 0.70 1.30 1.70 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 4.23 2.72 3.10 3.32 Standard error 0.06 0.89 0.69 0.57 M, 9–13 y 1,219 5.55 3.01 3.64 4.00 Standard error 0.13 0.51 0.42 0.36 M, 14–18 y 909 6.91 3.40 4.20 4.70 Standard error 0.20 0.93 0.79 0.69 M, 19–30 y 1,902 7.66 4.20 5.00 5.50 Standard error 0.16 0.13 0.13 0.14 M, 31–50 y 2,533 6.97 3.30 4.20 4.70 Standard error 0.14 0.35 0.31 0.28 M, 51–70 y 1,942 6.00 2.30 3.10 3.60 Standard error 0.12 0.15 0.14 0.13 M, 71+ y 1,255 4.88 1.98 2.64 3.03 Standard error 0.09 0.20 0.18 0.16 F, 9–13 y 1,216 4.47 2.51 3.00 3.28 Standard error 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.07 F, 14–18 y 949 4.28 1.60 2.23 2.61 Standard error 0.12 0.29 0.25 0.21 F, 19–30 y 1,901 4.60 2.39 2.92 3.23 Standard error 0.12 0.43 0.35 0.31 F, 31–50 y 2,939 4.65 2.58 3.09 3.38 Standard error 0.07 0.34 0.28 0.24 F, 51–70 y 2,065 4.16 1.86 2.40 2.72 Standard error 0.06 0.14 0.14 0.13 F, 71+ y 1,368 3.71 1.59 2.09 2.39 Standard error 0.08 0.25 0.18 0.16 Pregnant 346 5.57 3.19 3.77 4.11 Standard error 0.22 0.25 0.34 0.34 Lactating 99 6.64 4.51 5.09 5.41 Standard error 0.32 0.24 0.27 0.29 Pregnant/lactating 440 5.85 3.41 4.03 4.38 Standard error 0.21 0.18 0.18 0.19 All individuals 28,575 5.26 1.90 2.60 3.10 Standard error 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.06 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 5.27 2.00 2.70 3.10 Standard error 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.07 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

1011 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.90 1.10 1.40 1.90 2.30 3.60 1.30 1.90 2.70 3.60 4.40 5.60 2.30 3.10 4.20 5.30 6.20 7.40 3.71 4.18 4.69 5.19 5.50 6.13 0.34 0.08 0.30 0.63 0.85 1.30 4.65 5.43 6.32 7.24 7.85 9.13 0.25 0.15 0.20 0.40 0.56 0.95 5.60 6.80 8.00 9.30 10.10 11.80 0.48 0.24 0.36 0.78 1.09 1.76 6.40 7.50 8.70 10.00 10.80 12.40 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.28 5.60 6.80 8.10 9.50 10.40 12.40 0.22 0.15 0.19 0.35 0.49 0.85 4.50 5.70 7.10 8.80 9.90 12.60 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.24 0.33 0.58 3.75 4.65 5.76 7.02 7.93 9.96 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.21 0.32 0.61 3.79 4.40 5.08 5.73 6.15 6.98 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.14 3.29 4.14 5.12 6.14 6.82 8.25 0.16 0.12 0.19 0.34 0.46 0.77 3.79 4.50 5.30 6.07 6.58 7.67 0.21 0.11 0.23 0.41 0.56 0.95 3.91 4.56 5.29 6.01 6.48 7.48 0.16 0.07 0.13 0.29 0.40 0.69 3.31 4.04 4.88 5.74 6.32 7.52 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.13 0.17 0.41 2.92 3.59 4.36 5.17 5.71 6.87 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.20 0.36 0.88 4.72 5.48 6.32 7.15 7.69 8.77 0.27 0.22 0.40 0.56 0.59 0.52 5.97 6.61 7.29 7.92 8.30 9.06 0.33 0.35 0.37 0.39 0.41 0.51 5.01 5.77 6.60 7.40 7.90 8.90 0.20 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.27 0.30 3.90 5.00 6.30 7.80 8.80 11.20 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.13 0.24 3.90 5.00 6.30 7.80 8.80 11.10 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.15 0.27 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

1012 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-12 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Methionine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.37 0.10 0.20 0.20 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 0.69 0.20 0.20 0.30 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 1.13 0.30 0.40 0.60 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 1.43 0.85 1.00 1.08 Standard error 0.03 0.21 0.16 0.14 M, 9–13 y 1,219 1.87 1.03 1.23 1.35 Standard error 0.05 0.14 0.12 0.11 M, 14–18 y 909 2.31 1.09 1.38 1.55 Standard error 0.07 0.27 0.23 0.21 M, 19–30 y 1,902 2.54 1.42 1.69 1.85 Standard error 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 M, 31–50 y 2,533 2.32 1.16 1.44 1.60 Standard error 0.04 0.15 0.13 0.12 M, 51–70 y 1,942 2.01 0.80 1.07 1.24 Standard error 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.04 M, 71+ y 1,255 1.66 0.70 0.92 1.06 Standard error 0.03 0.07 0.06 0.05 F, 9–13 y 1,216 1.51 1.18 1.27 1.32 Standard error 0.03 0.50 0.37 0.30 F, 14–18 y 949 1.44 0.53 0.75 0.88 Standard error 0.04 0.12 0.10 0.09 F, 19–30 y 1,901 1.55 0.78 0.96 1.07 Standard error 0.04 0.12 0.10 0.08 F, 31–50 y 2,939 1.56 0.88 1.05 1.15 Standard error 0.02 0.11 0.09 0.08 F, 51–70 y 2,065 1.40 0.63 0.81 0.92 Standard error 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.04 F, 71+ y 1,368 1.26 0.58 0.74 0.84 Standard error 0.03 0.07 0.06 0.05 Pregnant 346 1.89 1.10 1.30 1.41 Standard error 0.10 0.18 0.26 0.27 Lactating 99 2.23 1.54 1.73 1.83 Standard error 0.12 0.13 0.17 0.18 Pregnant/lactating 440 1.97 1.17 1.37 1.49 Standard error 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.07 All individuals 28,575 1.76 0.67 0.90 1.04 Standard error 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 1.77 0.68 0.91 1.05 Standard error 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

1013 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.60 0.70 1.20 0.40 0.60 0.90 1.20 1.40 1.90 0.80 1.10 1.40 1.80 2.00 2.50 1.23 1.41 1.61 1.80 1.93 2.18 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.16 0.22 0.34 1.57 1.83 2.14 2.44 2.64 3.04 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.16 0.30 1.86 2.25 2.70 3.15 3.43 4.02 0.15 0.08 0.11 0.24 0.33 0.53 2.14 2.50 2.90 3.30 3.55 4.07 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.09 1.90 2.26 2.68 3.12 3.41 4.02 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.15 0.20 0.35 1.54 1.92 2.38 2.89 3.27 4.12 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.18 1.29 1.59 1.94 2.34 2.63 3.25 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.19 1.40 1.50 1.61 1.70 1.76 1.88 0.18 0.04 0.15 0.31 0.41 0.61 1.11 1.39 1.72 2.07 2.30 2.80 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.13 0.18 0.30 1.26 1.52 1.80 2.08 2.26 2.65 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.15 0.26 1.32 1.54 1.77 2.01 2.17 2.49 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.12 0.21 1.12 1.37 1.65 1.94 2.13 2.53 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.11 1.01 1.23 1.47 1.72 1.89 2.26 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.17 1.61 1.86 2.13 2.40 2.58 2.93 0.22 0.12 0.19 0.28 0.28 0.18 2.01 2.22 2.43 2.63 2.76 3.00 0.16 0.12 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.20 1.69 1.94 2.22 2.48 2.65 2.98 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 1.31 1.68 2.12 2.59 2.90 3.58 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.08 1.32 1.68 2.12 2.59 2.90 3.57 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.09 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

1014 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-13 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Phenylalanine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.84 0.30 0.40 0.50 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 1.45 0.40 0.60 0.70 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 2.25 0.50 1.00 1.20 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 2.84 1.79 2.05 2.21 Standard error 0.04 0.54 0.42 0.34 M, 9–13 y 1,219 3.72 2.28 2.65 2.86 Standard error 0.10 0.34 0.27 0.24 M, 14–18 y 909 4.44 2.16 2.70 3.03 Standard error 0.12 0.45 0.38 0.33 M, 19–30 y 1,902 4.82 2.79 3.29 3.58 Standard error 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.11 M, 31–50 y 2,533 4.41 2.17 2.72 3.04 Standard error 0.07 0.18 0.15 0.14 M, 51–70 y 1,942 3.85 1.57 2.10 2.42 Standard error 0.07 0.11 0.09 0.08 M, 71+ y 1,255 3.22 1.43 1.84 2.09 Standard error 0.05 0.12 0.09 0.08 F, 9–13 y 1,216 2.97 1.79 2.09 2.26 Standard error 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.07 F, 14–18 y 949 2.83 1.18 1.58 1.81 Standard error 0.08 0.17 0.15 0.13 F, 19–30 y 1,901 2.98 1.52 1.87 2.07 Standard error 0.06 0.22 0.18 0.15 F, 31–50 y 2,939 2.97 1.64 1.97 2.17 Standard error 0.04 0.15 0.12 0.11 F, 51–70 y 2,065 2.69 1.26 1.60 1.81 Standard error 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.06 F, 71+ y 1,368 2.44 1.10 1.42 1.60 Standard error 0.04 0.13 0.11 0.10 Pregnant 346 3.63 2.20 2.56 2.77 Standard error 0.20 0.33 0.34 0.28 Lactating 99 4.44 3.16 3.53 3.73 Standard error 0.24 0.26 0.25 0.24 Pregnant/lactating 440 3.83 2.33 2.72 2.95 Standard error 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.13 All individuals 28,575 3.39 1.32 1.76 2.03 Standard error 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 3.40 1.34 1.78 2.05 Standard error 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

1015 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.30 1.50 2.20 0.90 1.30 1.80 2.40 2.80 3.70 1.60 2.10 2.80 3.40 3.90 5.30 2.48 2.81 3.17 3.52 3.74 4.18 0.20 0.06 0.19 0.39 0.52 0.78 3.23 3.67 4.16 4.66 4.98 5.67 0.16 0.10 0.16 0.30 0.39 0.63 3.61 4.34 5.16 5.97 6.49 7.53 0.23 0.13 0.20 0.39 0.52 0.83 4.11 4.75 5.45 6.15 6.59 7.48 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.16 3.61 4.30 5.10 5.93 6.49 7.68 0.10 0.07 0.10 0.18 0.25 0.41 2.99 3.70 4.53 5.45 6.12 7.62 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.13 0.17 0.30 2.53 3.09 3.76 4.51 5.03 6.18 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.12 0.18 0.34 2.57 2.94 3.34 3.72 3.97 4.45 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 2.24 2.75 3.34 3.95 4.35 5.20 0.10 0.08 0.12 0.19 0.26 0.43 2.44 2.91 3.45 3.96 4.29 5.03 0.11 0.06 0.12 0.21 0.28 0.49 2.51 2.92 3.38 3.84 4.14 4.77 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.12 0.16 0.28 2.17 2.62 3.13 3.66 4.01 4.74 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.20 1.95 2.38 2.86 3.34 3.65 4.28 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.13 0.17 0.28 3.13 3.58 4.07 4.56 4.86 5.48 0.20 0.30 0.39 0.38 0.34 0.25 4.06 4.43 4.81 5.15 5.35 5.74 0.24 0.25 0.29 0.33 0.35 0.36 3.34 3.80 4.29 4.76 5.05 5.61 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 2.55 3.24 4.07 4.95 5.54 6.79 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.11 2.57 3.25 4.07 4.94 5.52 6.75 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.13 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

1016 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-14 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Proline (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 1.34 0.40 0.60 0.80 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 2.39 0.70 0.90 1.10 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 3.73 0.90 1.60 2.00 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 4.66 2.93 3.37 3.62 Standard error 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 M, 9–13 y 1,219 6.00 3.49 4.12 4.48 Standard error 0.14 0.73 0.59 0.50 M, 14–18 y 909 7.00 3.40 4.30 4.80 Standard error 0.19 0.67 0.57 0.51 M, 19–30 y 1,902 7.31 4.87 5.50 5.85 Standard error 0.14 1.37 1.06 0.88 M, 31–50 y 2,533 6.54 3.30 4.10 4.50 Standard error 0.10 0.29 0.25 0.22 M, 51–70 y 1,942 5.65 2.30 3.10 3.60 Standard error 0.08 0.19 0.16 0.14 M, 71+ y 1,255 4.76 2.03 2.61 2.97 Standard error 0.08 0.10 0.08 0.07 F, 9–13 y 1,216 4.78 2.93 3.42 3.69 Standard error 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 F, 14–18 y 949 4.48 2.13 2.70 3.03 Standard error 0.13 0.42 0.35 0.31 F, 19–30 y 1,901 4.54 2.31 2.87 3.19 Standard error 0.07 0.34 0.27 0.23 F, 31–50 y 2,939 4.45 2.28 2.82 3.13 Standard error 0.06 0.18 0.15 0.13 F, 51–70 y 2,065 4.03 1.80 2.30 2.61 Standard error 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.10 F, 71+ y 1,368 3.69 1.67 2.14 2.42 Standard error 0.06 0.20 0.17 0.15 Pregnant 346 5.81 3.53 4.12 4.45 Standard error 0.33 0.25 0.27 0.29 Lactating 99 7.01 5.00 5.60 5.91 Standard error 0.50 0.36 0.37 0.42 Pregnant/lactating 440 6.10 3.72 4.35 4.70 Standard error 0.22 0.19 0.19 0.20 All individuals 28,575 5.19 2.00 2.70 3.10 Standard error 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.06 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 5.21 2.00 2.70 3.10 Standard error 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.06 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

1017 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.90 1.20 1.60 2.00 2.50 3.80 1.40 2.00 3.10 4.20 5.00 6.10 2.70 3.50 4.60 5.60 6.40 8.50 4.07 4.61 5.20 5.76 6.12 6.83 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.13 5.12 5.89 6.75 7.65 8.24 9.52 0.33 0.15 0.28 0.61 0.86 1.42 5.70 6.80 8.10 9.40 10.30 12.00 0.37 0.22 0.30 0.58 0.79 1.26 6.48 7.23 8.06 8.86 9.37 10.39 0.55 0.17 0.48 1.02 1.39 2.15 5.40 6.40 7.50 8.70 9.60 11.30 0.16 0.10 0.14 0.29 0.40 0.68 4.40 5.40 6.60 8.00 8.90 11.00 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.21 0.30 0.54 3.66 4.56 5.64 6.79 7.55 9.19 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.17 0.22 0.35 4.17 4.73 5.34 5.93 6.31 7.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.12 3.63 4.39 5.23 6.06 6.59 7.67 0.21 0.13 0.23 0.42 0.56 0.88 3.76 4.45 5.22 6.02 6.54 7.63 0.15 0.08 0.13 0.27 0.38 0.62 3.69 4.36 5.11 5.87 6.37 7.41 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.13 0.18 0.29 3.18 3.91 4.74 5.59 6.14 7.28 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.30 2.94 3.60 4.34 5.08 5.57 6.55 0.11 0.07 0.10 0.19 0.27 0.43 5.04 5.75 6.52 7.27 7.74 8.69 0.33 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.36 6.44 7.02 7.59 8.10 8.40 8.97 0.65 0.53 0.46 0.61 0.63 0.47 5.32 6.05 6.82 7.54 7.99 8.87 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.26 3.90 4.90 6.20 7.60 8.50 10.60 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.21 3.90 5.00 6.20 7.60 8.50 10.60 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.21 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

1018 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-15 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Serine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.93 0.30 0.50 0.50 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 1.57 0.50 0.70 0.80 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 2.39 0.60 1.10 1.30 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 2.98 1.77 2.08 2.26 Standard error 0.05 0.52 0.41 0.34 M, 9–13 y 1,219 3.88 2.31 2.71 2.94 Standard error 0.11 0.39 0.32 0.27 M, 14–18 y 909 4.58 2.17 2.74 3.08 Standard error 0.12 0.43 0.38 0.34 M, 19–30 y 1,902 4.91 2.88 3.40 3.68 Standard error 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.12 M, 31–50 y 2,533 4.53 2.20 2.77 3.11 Standard error 0.07 0.19 0.16 0.14 M, 51–70 y 1,942 3.96 1.64 2.18 2.51 Standard error 0.07 0.12 0.10 0.10 M, 71+ y 1,255 3.35 1.54 1.96 2.21 Standard error 0.05 0.11 0.10 0.09 F, 9–13 y 1,216 3.09 1.86 2.18 2.36 Standard error 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 F, 14–18 y 949 2.93 1.23 1.63 1.86 Standard error 0.08 0.17 0.14 0.12 F, 19–30 y 1,901 3.06 1.63 1.98 2.18 Standard error 0.06 0.25 0.20 0.17 F, 31–50 y 2,939 3.06 1.67 2.02 2.22 Standard error 0.04 0.15 0.13 0.11 F, 51–70 y 2,065 2.78 1.28 1.64 1.85 Standard error 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.09 F, 71+ y 1,368 2.53 1.14 1.46 1.66 Standard error 0.04 0.11 0.10 0.09 Pregnant 346 3.77 2.27 2.65 2.86 Standard error 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.14 Lactating 99 4.59 3.26 3.64 3.85 Standard error 0.26 0.24 0.25 0.26 Pregnant/lactating 440 3.97 2.40 2.81 3.05 Standard error 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.14 All individuals 28,575 3.51 1.38 1.84 2.12 Standard error 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 3.52 1.40 1.85 2.14 Standard error 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

1019 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.70 0.80 1.10 1.40 1.70 2.30 1.00 1.40 2.00 2.60 3.00 3.90 1.70 2.20 2.90 3.60 4.10 5.50 2.57 2.94 3.35 3.75 4.01 4.53 0.21 0.06 0.18 0.38 0.52 0.81 3.34 3.82 4.35 4.89 5.26 6.02 0.19 0.11 0.17 0.31 0.42 0.67 3.70 4.48 5.35 6.22 6.78 7.93 0.26 0.15 0.17 0.34 0.48 0.80 4.19 4.82 5.54 6.27 6.75 7.70 0.09 0.13 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.17 3.70 4.42 5.23 6.09 6.68 7.94 0.11 0.07 0.10 0.19 0.26 0.44 3.09 3.82 4.65 5.59 6.26 7.76 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.14 0.20 0.36 2.66 3.22 3.90 4.64 5.16 6.29 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.13 0.19 0.34 2.68 3.06 3.46 3.86 4.11 4.62 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.10 2.30 2.85 3.47 4.09 4.49 5.30 0.10 0.09 0.13 0.19 0.25 0.39 2.54 3.01 3.52 4.01 4.33 5.02 0.12 0.06 0.11 0.20 0.28 0.49 2.57 3.01 3.48 3.96 4.27 4.93 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.12 0.16 0.27 2.23 2.70 3.24 3.79 4.16 4.94 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.31 2.02 2.46 2.97 3.47 3.80 4.46 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.12 0.16 0.22 3.25 3.72 4.24 4.74 5.06 5.70 0.16 0.21 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.25 4.19 4.59 4.98 5.34 5.55 5.97 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.29 3.46 3.94 4.45 4.94 5.24 5.84 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.19 2.65 3.34 4.18 5.09 5.73 7.15 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.14 2.66 3.35 4.19 5.09 5.73 7.11 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.15 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

1020 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-16 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Threonine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.82 0.30 0.40 0.50 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 1.33 0.40 0.60 0.70 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 1.97 0.50 0.80 1.10 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 2.46 1.55 1.78 1.91 Standard error 0.03 0.35 0.27 0.23 M, 9–13 y 1,219 3.21 1.82 2.15 2.35 Standard error 0.08 0.24 0.20 0.17 M, 14–18 y 909 3.92 1.89 2.37 2.65 Standard error 0.11 0.52 0.44 0.38 M, 19–30 y 1,902 4.29 2.42 2.87 3.14 Standard error 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.10 M, 31–50 y 2,533 3.95 1.93 2.41 2.70 Standard error 0.08 0.19 0.16 0.14 M, 51–70 y 1,942 3.45 1.35 1.83 2.12 Standard error 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.07 M, 71+ y 1,255 2.86 1.22 1.60 1.82 Standard error 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.07 F, 9–13 y 1,216 2.57 1.49 1.77 1.92 Standard error 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 F, 14–18 y 949 2.45 0.93 1.29 1.50 Standard error 0.07 0.15 0.12 0.10 F, 19–30 y 1,901 2.61 1.33 1.64 1.81 Standard error 0.06 0.21 0.17 0.15 F, 31–50 y 2,939 2.64 1.45 1.75 1.91 Standard error 0.04 0.16 0.13 0.11 F, 51–70 y 2,065 2.40 1.12 1.42 1.60 Standard error 0.03 0.08 0.07 0.07 F, 71+ y 1,368 2.17 0.95 1.25 1.42 Standard error 0.04 0.10 0.08 0.08 Pregnant 346 3.22 1.93 2.28 2.48 Standard error 0.20 0.21 0.24 0.27 Lactating 99 3.88 2.72 3.04 3.22 Standard error 0.21 0.18 0.19 0.20 Pregnant/lactating 440 3.36 1.99 2.34 2.54 Standard error 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.12 All individuals 28,575 3.01 1.16 1.55 1.79 Standard error 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 3.02 1.18 1.56 1.80 Standard error 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

1021 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.60 0.70 0.90 1.20 1.50 2.10 0.90 1.20 1.60 2.20 2.60 3.50 1.40 1.80 2.40 3.00 3.50 4.50 2.15 2.43 2.74 3.05 3.24 3.62 0.14 0.04 0.12 0.26 0.35 0.54 2.71 3.15 3.65 4.15 4.47 5.12 0.12 0.07 0.12 0.22 0.31 0.58 3.17 3.82 4.56 5.30 5.78 6.76 0.27 0.13 0.20 0.44 0.60 0.97 3.62 4.21 4.87 5.53 5.95 6.81 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.16 3.21 3.85 4.57 5.30 5.81 6.90 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.19 0.26 0.43 2.64 3.29 4.08 4.98 5.62 7.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.13 0.17 0.29 2.23 2.74 3.36 4.06 4.56 5.67 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.16 0.29 2.20 2.54 2.91 3.27 3.49 3.95 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 1.89 2.37 2.93 3.51 3.90 4.74 0.08 0.07 0.11 0.18 0.25 0.43 2.13 2.55 3.02 3.47 3.76 4.41 0.11 0.06 0.10 0.19 0.26 0.48 2.22 2.59 3.01 3.43 3.70 4.29 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.13 0.18 0.31 1.93 2.33 2.79 3.27 3.58 4.24 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.19 1.72 2.10 2.54 2.99 3.30 3.94 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.10 0.14 0.27 2.80 3.17 3.58 4.01 4.30 4.92 0.32 0.28 0.25 0.27 0.27 0.27 3.52 3.87 4.23 4.57 4.77 5.17 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.27 2.90 3.32 3.78 4.22 4.49 5.04 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.16 2.24 2.85 3.60 4.41 4.99 6.27 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.13 2.26 2.87 3.61 4.41 4.98 6.23 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.14 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

1022 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-17 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Tryptophan (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.25 0.10 0.10 0.10 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 0.41 0.10 0.20 0.20 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 0.62 0.10 0.30 0.30 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 0.77 0.47 0.54 0.58 Standard error 0.01 0.15 0.12 0.10 M, 9–13 y 1,219 1.00 0.55 0.66 0.72 Standard error 0.02 0.09 0.08 0.07 M, 14–18 y 909 1.20 0.56 0.71 0.80 Standard error 0.03 0.26 0.21 0.18 M, 19–30 y 1,902 1.28 0.74 0.88 0.96 Standard error 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.06 M, 31–50 y 2,533 1.18 0.61 0.76 0.84 Standard error 0.02 0.12 0.10 0.09 M, 51–70 y 1,942 1.04 0.41 0.56 0.64 Standard error 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 M, 71+ y 1,255 0.87 0.38 0.49 0.56 Standard error 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 F, 9–13 y 1,216 0.80 0.47 0.56 0.61 Standard error 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 F, 14–18 y 949 0.76 0.33 0.43 0.50 Standard error 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.04 F, 19–30 y 1,901 0.80 0.42 0.51 0.56 Standard error 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.05 F, 31–50 y 2,939 0.80 0.43 0.52 0.57 Standard error 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.03 F, 51–70 y 2,065 0.73 0.34 0.43 0.49 Standard error 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 F, 71+ y 1,368 0.67 0.31 0.40 0.45 Standard error 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.02 Pregnant 346 0.99 0.59 0.69 0.75 Standard error 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.11 Lactating 99 1.22 0.87 0.97 1.03 Standard error 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 Pregnant/lactating 440 1.05 0.63 0.74 0.80 Standard error 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 All individuals 28,575 0.91 0.36 0.48 0.55 Standard error 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 0.91 0.37 0.48 0.56 Standard error 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

1023 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.70 0.80 1.00 0.40 0.60 0.80 0.90 1.10 1.40 0.66 0.76 0.86 0.96 1.03 1.16 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.11 0.16 0.23 0.84 0.98 1.14 1.30 1.41 1.62 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.10 0.15 0.97 1.17 1.40 1.63 1.77 2.07 0.12 0.04 0.10 0.22 0.30 0.48 1.09 1.26 1.45 1.64 1.76 2.02 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.98 1.15 1.35 1.55 1.69 1.98 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.11 0.15 0.25 0.80 1.00 1.23 1.49 1.68 2.11 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.10 0.68 0.84 1.02 1.23 1.37 1.69 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.13 0.69 0.79 0.90 1.00 1.07 1.20 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.61 0.74 0.89 1.05 1.16 1.37 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.66 0.78 0.92 1.06 1.14 1.33 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.09 0.14 0.66 0.78 0.91 1.04 1.13 1.31 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.59 0.71 0.85 0.99 1.08 1.28 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.54 0.65 0.78 0.90 0.98 1.16 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.85 0.98 1.12 1.25 1.34 1.51 0.09 0.04 0.09 0.13 0.13 0.09 1.12 1.22 1.32 1.41 1.47 1.57 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.91 1.04 1.18 1.30 1.38 1.54 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.69 0.87 1.09 1.32 1.48 1.80 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.69 0.88 1.09 1.32 1.47 1.79 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

1024 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-18 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Tyrosine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 0.78 0.30 0.40 0.40 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 1.29 0.40 0.50 0.60 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 1.90 0.40 0.80 1.00 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 2.37 1.48 1.71 1.84 Standard error 0.03 0.41 0.32 0.26 M, 9–13 y 1,219 3.09 1.79 2.12 2.31 Standard error 0.08 0.26 0.21 0.18 M, 14–18 y 909 3.69 1.85 2.29 2.55 Standard error 0.10 0.39 0.33 0.29 M, 19–30 y 1,902 4.00 2.29 2.71 2.96 Standard error 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 M, 31–50 y 2,533 3.62 1.75 2.21 2.47 Standard error 0.06 0.16 0.14 0.12 M, 51–70 y 1,942 3.11 1.22 1.65 1.91 Standard error 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.06 M, 71+ y 1,255 2.59 1.11 1.45 1.65 Standard error 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.06 F, 9–13 y 1,216 2.47 1.47 1.73 1.87 Standard error 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 F, 14–18 y 949 2.33 0.99 1.30 1.49 Standard error 0.06 0.21 0.18 0.15 F, 19–30 y 1,901 2.43 1.23 1.52 1.69 Standard error 0.05 0.21 0.17 0.15 F, 31–50 y 2,939 2.41 1.30 1.58 1.73 Standard error 0.03 0.11 0.09 0.08 F, 51–70 y 2,065 2.17 0.98 1.26 1.42 Standard error 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.05 F, 71+ y 1,368 1.96 0.83 1.09 1.24 Standard error 0.04 0.09 0.08 0.07 Pregnant 346 2.97 1.88 2.18 2.33 Standard error 0.23 0.41 0.41 0.30 Lactating 99 3.63 2.56 2.87 3.03 Standard error 0.22 0.33 0.45 0.46 Pregnant/lactating 440 3.15 1.90 2.23 2.41 Standard error 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.11 All individuals 28,575 2.78 1.09 1.44 1.66 Standard error 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 2.79 1.10 1.46 1.68 Standard error 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

1025 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.60 0.70 0.90 1.10 1.40 2.10 0.80 1.10 1.60 2.10 2.60 3.20 1.40 1.80 2.30 3.00 3.30 4.30 2.07 2.35 2.65 2.94 3.13 3.50 0.16 0.04 0.14 0.30 0.40 0.61 2.64 3.04 3.48 3.94 4.24 4.87 0.13 0.09 0.10 0.18 0.25 0.41 3.03 3.62 4.28 4.93 5.35 6.21 0.21 0.12 0.16 0.32 0.44 0.72 3.40 3.94 4.54 5.13 5.51 6.28 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.13 2.94 3.52 4.18 4.88 5.36 6.38 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.16 0.23 0.39 2.38 2.97 3.68 4.49 5.06 6.33 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.26 2.01 2.48 3.04 3.66 4.10 5.07 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.23 2.13 2.44 2.77 3.09 3.30 3.72 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.06 1.83 2.27 2.75 3.24 3.55 4.17 0.11 0.07 0.12 0.21 0.28 0.43 1.99 2.37 2.81 3.24 3.52 4.14 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.19 0.26 0.46 2.02 2.37 2.76 3.15 3.40 3.94 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.21 1.73 2.11 2.55 2.99 3.28 3.87 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.13 1.53 1.90 2.32 2.75 3.02 3.58 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.10 0.13 0.21 2.57 2.89 3.30 3.74 4.03 4.60 0.17 0.42 0.45 0.31 0.23 0.25 3.31 3.63 3.95 4.24 4.42 4.75 0.38 0.24 0.27 0.36 0.38 0.33 2.74 3.12 3.54 3.94 4.18 4.67 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.15 2.09 2.66 3.34 4.06 4.55 5.59 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.10 2.10 2.67 3.34 4.06 4.54 5.55 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.11 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

1026 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE D-19 Mean and Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Valine (g), United States, NHANES III (1988–1994) Percentile Sex/Age Categorya Mean 1st 5th 10th n Both sexes, 2–6 mo 793 1.04 0.40 0.50 0.60 Both sexes, 7–12 mo 827 1.80 0.50 0.70 0.90 Both sexes, 1–3 y 3,309 2.70 0.60 1.10 1.50 Both sexes, 4–8 y 3,448 3.36 2.08 2.40 2.59 Standard error 0.05 0.60 0.47 0.39 M, 9–13 y 1,219 4.33 2.59 3.04 3.29 Standard error 0.09 0.40 0.33 0.28 M, 14–18 y 909 5.18 2.52 3.15 3.53 Standard error 0.14 0.54 0.46 0.41 M, 19–30 y 1,902 5.63 3.23 3.82 4.16 Standard error 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.10 M, 31–50 y 2,533 5.17 2.57 3.19 3.56 Standard error 0.10 0.25 0.22 0.19 M, 51–70 y 1,942 4.51 1.81 2.42 2.79 Standard error 0.08 0.12 0.10 0.10 M, 71+ y 1,255 3.76 1.59 2.09 2.39 Standard error 0.06 0.11 0.09 0.08 F, 9–13 y 1,216 3.48 2.06 2.42 2.63 Standard error 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 F, 14–18 y 949 3.31 1.33 1.80 2.08 Standard error 0.09 0.26 0.21 0.18 F, 19–30 y 1,901 3.47 1.78 2.19 2.42 Standard error 0.07 0.27 0.22 0.19 F, 31–50 y 2,939 3.48 1.91 2.30 2.52 Standard error 0.05 0.21 0.17 0.14 F, 51–70 y 2,065 3.16 1.45 1.86 2.10 Standard error 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.07 F, 71+ y 1,368 2.88 1.25 1.63 1.86 Standard error 0.05 0.16 0.14 0.12 Pregnant 346 4.25 2.75 3.09 3.24 Standard error 0.26 0.53 0.23 0.41 Lactating 99 5.19 3.66 4.10 4.33 Standard error 0.31 0.29 0.33 0.33 Pregnant/lactating 440 4.51 2.71 3.17 3.43 Standard error 0.17 0.14 0.15 0.15 All individuals 28,575 3.98 1.54 2.06 2.39 Standard error 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.05 All individuals (+P/L) 29,015 3.99 1.56 2.08 2.41 Standard error 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.05 a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months of age and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating

1027 A PPENDIX D 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th 99th 0.80 0.90 1.20 1.50 1.90 2.90 1.10 1.60 2.20 3.00 3.60 4.40 1.90 2.50 3.30 4.10 4.70 6.30 2.92 3.32 3.75 4.17 4.43 4.96 0.23 0.06 0.20 0.43 0.58 0.89 3.73 4.26 4.85 5.45 5.84 6.65 0.19 0.10 0.18 0.33 0.45 0.74 4.21 5.07 6.02 6.98 7.60 8.85 0.30 0.17 0.23 0.45 0.62 1.02 4.78 5.54 6.37 7.20 7.73 8.79 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.19 4.23 5.05 5.96 6.90 7.55 8.95 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.23 0.32 0.53 3.47 4.32 5.32 6.45 7.27 9.14 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.15 0.20 0.39 2.93 3.60 4.41 5.32 5.97 7.41 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.13 0.18 0.33 3.00 3.44 3.91 4.37 4.66 5.24 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 2.59 3.21 3.92 4.66 5.15 6.18 0.13 0.09 0.14 0.27 0.38 0.67 2.85 3.40 4.01 4.60 4.98 5.82 0.13 0.07 0.13 0.24 0.33 0.59 2.93 3.42 3.97 4.51 4.87 5.63 0.10 0.05 0.08 0.17 0.23 0.40 2.53 3.08 3.70 4.34 4.77 5.67 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.17 2.28 2.80 3.40 4.00 4.39 5.17 0.09 0.05 0.08 0.16 0.23 0.36 3.57 4.14 4.83 5.45 5.80 6.53 0.58 0.36 0.80 0.67 0.41 0.32 4.73 5.18 5.64 6.05 6.31 6.79 0.33 0.33 0.35 0.37 0.37 0.37 3.90 4.46 5.06 5.64 6.00 6.72 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.22 2.99 3.78 4.75 5.80 6.55 8.19 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.15 3.00 3.80 4.77 5.80 6.54 8.15 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.17 status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable. DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), corrected data set (errata submitted to NCHS September 2001). SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics, 2001.

Next: E Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996, 1998 »
Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids Get This Book
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Responding to the expansion of scientific knowledge about the roles of nutrients in human health, the Institute of Medicine has developed a new approach to establish Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and other nutrient reference values. The new title for these values Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), is the inclusive name being given to this new approach. These are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes applicable to healthy individuals in the United States and Canada. This new book is part of a series of books presenting dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients. It establishes recommendations for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. This book presents new approaches and findings which include the following:

  • The establishment of Estimated Energy Requirements at four levels of energy expenditure
  • Recommendations for levels of physical activity to decrease risk of chronic disease
  • The establishment of RDAs for dietary carbohydrate and protein
  • The development of the definitions of Dietary Fiber, Functional Fiber, and Total Fiber
  • The establishment of Adequate Intakes (AI) for Total Fiber
  • The establishment of AIs for linolenic and a-linolenic acids
  • Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges as a percent of energy intake for fat, carbohydrate, linolenic and a-linolenic acids, and protein
  • Research recommendations for information needed to advance understanding of macronutrient requirements and the adverse effects associated with intake of higher amounts

Also detailed are recommendations for both physical activity and energy expenditure to maintain health and decrease the risk of disease.

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