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Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Setting the Course: A Strategic Vision for Immunization: Part 2: Summary of the Austin Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10495.
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References

Bates AS, Wolinsky FD. 1998. Personal, financial, and structural barriers to immunization in socioeconomically disadvantaged urban children. Pediatrics 101(4 Pt 1):591–596.

Bomer E. 2001. Business Practices Evaluation. Austin: Texas Department of Health. [Online]. Available: www.tdh.state.tx.us.


CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 1997. National, state, and urban area vaccination coverage levels among children aged 19–35 months—United Sates, 1996. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 46(29):657–664.

CDC. 1998. National, state, and urban area vaccination coverage levels among children aged 19–35 months—United Sates, 1997. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 47(26): 547–554.

CDC. 2001. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination levels among persons aged ≥65 years— United States, 1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 50(25):532–537.

CDC. 2002. Summary of notifiable diseases—United States, 2000. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 49(53):1–102.


Fairbrother G, Kuttner H, Miller W, Hogan R, McPhillips H, Johnson KA, Alexander ER. 2000a. Findings from case studies of state and local immunization programs. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 19(3S):54–77.

Fairbrother G, Freed GL, Thompson JW. 2000b. Measuring immunization coverage. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 19(3S):78–88.

Freed GL, Clark SJ, Cowan AE. 2000. State-level perspectives on immunization policies, practices, and program financing in the 1990s. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 19(3S):32–44.


Herrera GA, Smith P, Daniels D, Klevens RM, Coronado V, McCauley M, Stokley S, Maes EF, Ezzati-Rice TM, Wright RA. 2000. National, state, and urban area vaccination coverage levels among children aged 19–35 months—United States, 1998. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 49(SS-9):1–26.

Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Setting the Course: A Strategic Vision for Immunization: Part 2: Summary of the Austin Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10495.
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IOM (Institute of Medicine). 1996. Healthy Communities: New Partnerships for the Future of Public Health. Stoto MA, Abel C, Dievler A, eds. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

IOM. 1997. Improving Health in the Community: A Role for Performance Monitoring. Durch JS, Bailey LA, Stoto MA, eds. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

IOM. 2000. Calling the Shots: Immunization Finance Policies and Practices. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

IOM. 2002. Setting the Course. Part 1: The Chicago Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.


Johnson KA, Sardell A, Richards B. 2000. Federal immunization policy and funding: A history of responding to crises. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 19(3S):99–112.


Nichol KL, Lind A, Margolis KL, Murdoch M, McFadden R, Hauge M, Magnan S, Drake M. 1995. The effectiveness of vaccination against influenza in healthy, working adults. New England Journal of Medicine 333(14):889–893.

Nichol KL, Margolis KL, Wuorenma J, Von Sternberg T. 1994. The efficacy and cost effectiveness of vaccination against influenza among elderly persons living in the community. New England Journal of Medicine 331(12):778–784.

Nichol KL, Mendelman PM, Mallon KP, Jackson LA, Gorse GJ, Belshe RB, Glezen WP, Wittes J. 1999. Effectiveness of live, attenuated intranasal influenza virus vaccine in healthy, working adults: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 282(2):137–144.


Task Force on Community Preventive Services. 2000. Recommendations regarding interventions to improve vaccination coverage in children, adolescents, and adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 18(1S):92–96.

Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Setting the Course: A Strategic Vision for Immunization: Part 2: Summary of the Austin Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10495.
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Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Setting the Course: A Strategic Vision for Immunization: Part 2: Summary of the Austin Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10495.
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Page 40
Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Setting the Course: A Strategic Vision for Immunization: Part 2: Summary of the Austin Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10495.
×
Page 41
Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Setting the Course: A Strategic Vision for Immunization: Part 2: Summary of the Austin Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10495.
×
Page 42
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Immunization is essential to disease prevention efforts in public health, but the U.S. health care system faces financial challenges that are affecting the delivery of immunization services. An earlier report from the Institute of Medicine (IOM), Calling the Shots: Immunization Finance Policies and Practices, pointed to the instability of the fundamental infrastructure that supports immunization programs throughout the United States, including growing financial burdens and operational complexities in immunization services, shortcomings in public- and private-sector investments in vaccine purchases and immunization programs, and fluctuations in insurance plans in the public and private health care sectors that create uncertainties regarding coverage of vaccine purchase and service delivery arrangements. In October 2001, a group of about 50 health officials, public health experts, health care providers, health plan representatives and purchasers, state legislative officials, and community leaders met at the Texas Medical Association in Austin to explore the implications of the IOM findings and recommendations for Texas. The 1-day workshop was the second in a series of four meetings organized by IOM with support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to foster informed discussions about challenges for immunization finance and future strategies for strengthening immunization activities and the public health infrastructure that supports those activities.

This report of the Austin workshop summarizes the findings of the previous IOM report and reviews continuing challenges in immunization finance for the nation and for individual states, with a particular focus on Texas. The report also highlights strategies proposed by individual workshop participants that can be used to address those challenges. Several presenters and discussants emphasized that adequate funding is necessary for immunization programs but that financial resources alone are not sufficient to guarantee success. Similarly, they indicated that no single agency or group in the public or the private sector should expect, or should be expected, to solve immunization problems. Speakers from both public and private health agencies observed that collaboration, consultation, and partnership efforts across levels of government and between the public and private sectors are essential.

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