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Toward New Partnerships in Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research
Appendixes
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Toward New Partnerships in Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research
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Toward New Partnerships in Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research
A
Remote Sensing Systems
Table A.1 on pages 56-61 presents selected historical, current, and planned remote sensing systems operated by governmental, commercial, and public-private (government and commercial) organizations that provide data of value for scientific research.
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Toward New Partnerships in Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research
TABLE A.1 Selected Government, Commercial, and Public-Private Remote Sensing Systems
Remote Sensing System
Data Acquisition Model
Operator
Launch (end service date)
Capability: Spatial/Spectral Resolution
Revisit in Days
Status
U. S. Data Providers
Landsat 3
RBV
MSS
Government
NASA and NOAA
1978 (1983)
1 RBV band at 40 m
4 MSS bands at 80 m
1 MSS TIR band at 240 m
18
Retired
Landsat 4
TM MSS
Public-Private
EOSAT, Inc.
Space Imaging, Inc.
NASA
1982 (1987)
6 TM bands at 30 m
1 TM TIR band at 120 m
4 MSS bands at 80 m
16
Retired
Landsat 5
TM MSS
Public-Private
EOSAT, Inc.
Space Imaging, Inc.
NASA
1984
6 TM bands at 30 m
1 TM TIR band at 120 m
4 MSS bands at 80 m
16
Operational
Landsat 6
ETM
Commercial
EOSAT, Inc.
1993
1 ETM Pan band at 15 m
6 ETM bands at 30 m
1 ETM TIR band at 60 m
16
Failed
Landsat 7
ETM+
Government
USGS EROS Data Center
1999
1 ETM+ Pan band at 15 m
6 ETM+ bands at 30 m
1 ETM+ TIR band at 60 m
16
Operational
Landsat
Follow-on
Public-Private
TBD
2003
TBD
TBD
Planned
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Toward New Partnerships in Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research
AVHRR
Government
NOAA
1970s to present
2 MS bands at 1.1 km
3 MS TIR bands at 1.1 km
Daily
Operational
IKONOS 1
Pan
MS
Commercial
Space Imaging, Inc.
1999
1 Pan band at 0.82–1 m
4 MS bands at 4 m
3 to 5
Failed
IKONOS 2
Commercial
Space Imaging, Inc.
1999
1 Pan band at 0.82–1 m
4 MS bands at 4 m
3 to 5
Operational
IKONOS 3
Commercial
Space Imaging, Inc.
2003
0.5 Pan band at <1 m
2 MS bands at 4 m
3 to 5
Planned
Earlybird
Commercial
EarthWatch, Inc.
(now DigitalGlobe, Inc.)
1997
1 Pan band at 3 m
3 MS bands at 15 m
1 to 5
Failed
QuickBird 1
Commercial
EarthWatch, Inc.
(now DigitalGlobe, Inc.)
2000
1 Pan band at 1 m
4 MS bands at 4 m
1 to 5
Failed
QuickBird 2
Commercial
EarthWatch, Inc
(now DigitalGlobe, Inc.)
Oct. 2001
1 Pan band at 61 cm
4 MS bands a
1 to 5
Operational
OrbView 2
(SeaWiFS)
Public-Private
OrbImage, Inc.
1997
8 MS bands at 1.13 km
1
Operational
OrbView 3
Public-Private
OrbImage, Inc.
2002
1 Pan band at 1 m
4 MS bands at 4 m
<3
Planned
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Toward New Partnerships in Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research
Remote Sensing System
Data Acquisition Model
Operator
Launch (end service date)
Capability: Spatial/Spectral Resolution
Revisit in Days
Status
OrbView 4
Public-Private
OrbImage, Inc.
2001
1 Pan band at 1 m
4 MS bands at 4 m
8-m hyperspectral data
(can sell reprocessed 20-m hyperspectral data to nongovernment [approved] entities)
<3
Failed
Terra Satellite
Government
NASA
2000
Variable
ASTER
4 MS bands at 15 m
6 SWIR bands at 30 m
5 TIR bands at 60 m
Operational
MISR
4 MS bands at 9 look angles from 275 m to 1.1 km
Operational
MODIS
2 MS bands at 250 m
5 MS bands at 500 m
12 MS bands at 1 km
7 SWIR bands at 1 km
10 TIR bands at 1 km
Operational
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Toward New Partnerships in Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research
European Data Providers
SPOT 1-2
Public-Private
Spot Image, Inc.
1986 and 1990
1 Pan band at 10 m
3 MS bands at 20 m
1 to 4
Standby in 1990
SPOT 3
Public-Private
Spot Image, Inc.
1993 (1996)
1 Pan band at10 m
3 MS bands at 20 m
1 to 4
Failed
SPOT 4
Public-Private
Spot Image, Inc.
1998
1 Pan band at 10 m
3 MS bands at 20 m
1 SWIR band at 20 m
4 vegetation bands at 1.15 km
1 to 4
Operational
SPOT 5
Public-Private
Spot Image, Inc.
2003
1 Pan band at 2.5 m
3 MS bands at 10 m
1 SWIR band at 10 m
4 vegetation bands at 1.15 km
1 to 4
Planned
ERS-1
Government
ESA
1991
30–50-m SAR
3 to 35
Operational
ERS-2
Government
ESA
1995
30–50-m SAR
3 to 35
Operational
ENVISAT
Government
ESA
2001
30-m SAR
3 to 35
Operational
SPIN-N
KVR-1000
Government
Russian Sovinformsputnik
1992 [available publicly in 2000]
1 band at 2 m
45 days in orbit, each launch
Operational
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Toward New Partnerships in Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research
Remote Sensing System
Data Acquisition Model
Operator
Launch (end service date)
Capability: Spatial/Spectral Resolution
Revisit in Days
Status
Canadian Data Providers
Radarsat 1a
Government
Canadian Space Agency
1995
8-m SAR at various resolutions
3 to 24
Operational
Radarsat 2
Public-Private
Canadian Space Agency and McDonald Detwiller, Inc.
2004
3-m SAR at various resolutions
3 to 24
Planned
Other Data Providers
EROS A1
Commercial
ImageSat, Int.
2000
1 Pan band at 1.8m
1 to 4 (depends on number of satellites in orbit)
Operational
EROS B1
Commercial
ImageSat, Int.
2003
1 Pan band at 0.82 m
Planned
EROS B2
Commercial
ImageSat, Int.
2003
1 Pan band at 0.82 m
Planned
EROS B3
Commercial
ImageSat, Int.
2004
1 Pan band at 0.82 m
Planned
EROS B4
Commercial
ImageSat, Int.
2004
1 Pan band at 0.82 m
Planned
EROS B5
Commercial
ImageSat, Int.
2004
1 Pan band at 0.82 m
Planned
EROS B6
Commercial
ImageSat, Int.
2004
1 Pan band at 0.82 m
Planned
IRS-1 A
Government
Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
1988
4 MS bands at 36.25 and 72.5 m
22
Operational
IRS-1 B
Government
ISRO
1991
4 MS bands at 36.25 m and 72.5 m
22
Operational
IRS-1 C
Government
ISRO
1995
1 Pan band at 5.8 m
3 MS bands at 23 m
1 SWIR band at 70 m
2 MS bands at 188 m
5 to 24
Operational
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Toward New Partnerships in Remote Sensing: Government, the Private Sector, and Earth Science Research
IRS-1 D
Government
ISRO
1997
1 Pan band at 5.8 m
3 MS bands at 23 m
1 SWIR band at 70 m
2 MS bands at 188 m
5 to 24
Operational
NOTE: All acronyms are defined in Appendix D; TBD, to be determined.
aRadarsat 1 is noted as a government system because it was funded by the Canadian government.
SOURCES: Commercial and government remote sensing data-provider Web sites; Yahya A. Dehquanzad cial Satellite Imagery Will Change the World, Washington, D. C., Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2000; John R. Jensen, Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective, Upper Saddle River, N. J., Prentice-Hall, 2000; and William E. Stoney, “Summary of Land Imaging Satellites Planned to Be Operational by 2006,” Mitretek Systems, July 2, 2001, available online at <http://www.asprs.org/news>.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
tir band